are declined without hindrance both into the participles and into the other moods; but etheka, edoka, heka, ought to have been with a Sigma, but were not so, but with a Kappa, and Kappa has no affinity with Sigma; reasonably, as not keeping some part of the analogy, they are neither declined into the participles nor into the other moods. PROS ME, are two parts of speech; pros is a preposition, me a primary pronoun, of the accusative case; the nominative is ego, the genitive emou, the dative emoi, the accusative eme; and it ought to be 88 pros eme; but the primary pronouns are enclitic, and being enclitic they drop their initial vowel, for example [Il. 9.345.] me meu peirato eu eidotos, except for the pronoun hethen, for example epei ou hethen esti chereiōn ou demas oude phuēn. HUIOS, of what kind? Of those falling under the noun, of those in relation to something. And to what does it have it? To the father. From where does it come? From huō, to wet; being the delight of the father and the mother; or from huis huios and by crasis hus (huios), and the genitive is transformed into a nominative, and it is oxytone. How many nominatives and genitives does huios admit? Three, ho huios tou huiou, hieus hieōs, huis huios. EI, an indicative verb, a simple derivative, of the present tense, second person, of the conjugation in MI. And from where does it come? From eō, to be, comes the derivative verb eimi, and then since verbs in MI have a naturally long penultimate, the I is added, and it becomes EIMI. And why was the E not changed to H? So that a remnant of the original form might be preserved. The second person is eis, and with the dropping of the S, ei. And it is also from a barytone second person of the passive present according to Apollonius. For he says, from eō, to be, the passive is eomai, the second person is eē, and since the Attics write the second persons of the passives with the diphthong EI, it has prevailed among us too that four are written with the diphthong EI; and these are, opsomai opsei, boulomai boulei, oiomai oiei, eomai eei and by crasis ei. But some say this is wrongly constructed; for existential verbs do not have a passive, for example huparchō, we do not say huparchomai, eimi, we do not say emai; so therefore also eō, we do not say eomai. Therefore they say, from eō, to be, comes the derivative verb eimi, the second person is eis, and it is oxytone. For verbs in MI forming the second person by changing MI to S keep the same accent, and by dropping the S, ei, the accent having been changed 89 because of the dropping of the S; and because every verb with a long final syllable having the accent on the long [penultimate] is perispomenon; and in composition parei; "if I go down to Hades, you are present." SĒMERON, an adverb indicative of time, or rather an adverb representative of season. Define it. Those representative of season are, for example, sēmeron, aurion. And from where does it come? From hēmera, from which it is also written with an H; for the A appeared in sameron, and words having an appearing A are written with H, sameron sēmeron, halios hēlios, sama sēma. The RON is short, why? In general, adverbs ending in ON are written with a short O, for example botrudon, agelēdon, except for chreōn among the Attics, and empedōn, and ekpodōn, and ek dexiōn and ex euōnumōn. The ME is unaspirated, why? By tradition. By what rule of orthography? By history. And how many rules of orthography are there? Four: analogy, dialect, etymology, and history. What is analogy? When we write correctly, or when we provide a rule, as we indicated in the case of tacheia. What is dialect? When I say that hēmeis is written with the diphthong EI, since the Aeolians say ammes, having pronounced the E belonging to the word. What is etymology? When I write ēpeiros with the diphthong EI, I say, because it has no end, being boundless and infinite. What is history? When chilioi is written with I, I say, tradition wishes it to be written so. Why is it barytone? Adverbs ending in ON whose penultimate is I or E are barytone, for example sēmeron, aurion, except for authēmeron, and exon, the nominatives being contracted.

α᾿κωλύτως κλίνονται καὶ ει᾿ς τὰς μετοχὰς καὶ ει᾿ς τὰς λοιπὰς ε᾿γκλίσεις· τὸ δὲ ε᾿´θηκα, ε᾿´δωκα, η῾῀κα, διὰ τοῦ Σ ω᾿´φειλεν ει᾿῀ναι, ου᾿κ ἐγένοντο δὲ ου῾´τως, α᾿λλὰ διὰ τοῦ Κ, τὸ δὲ Κ πρὸς τὸ Σ ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει συγγένειαν· ει᾿κο´τως, ὡς μέρος τι τῆς α᾿ναλογίας μὴ φυλάξαντα, ου᾿´τε ει᾿ς τὰς μετοχὰς ου᾿´τε ει᾿ς τὰς λοιπὰς ε᾿γκλίσεις κλίνονται. ΠΡΌΣ ΜΕ, μέρη λόγου ει᾿σι` δύο· τὸ πρὸς πρόθεσιν, με α᾿ντωνυμίας πρωτοτύπου, πτώσεως αι᾿τιατικῆς· ἡ ευ᾿θεῖα ε᾿γω`, ἡ γενικὴ ἐμοῦ, ἡ δοτικὴ ἐμοὶ, ἡ αι᾿τιατικὴ ἐμέ· καὶ ω᾿´φειλεν 88 ει᾿῀ναι πρὸς ε᾿με´· α᾿λλ' αἱ πρωτότυποι α᾿ντωνυμίαι ε᾿γκλίνονται, καὶ ἐγκλινόμεναι τὸ κατ' α᾿ρχὰς αυ᾿τω῀ν φωνῆεν α᾿ποβάλλουσιν, οι῾῀ον[ Il. .♣ι 345.] μὴ μεῦ πειράτω ευ᾿῀ ει᾿δο´τος, χωρὶς τῆς ε῾´θεν α᾿ντωνυμίας, οι῾῀ον ε᾿πεὶ ου᾿ ε῾´θεν ε᾿στὶ χερείων ου᾿ δέμας ου᾿δε` φυήν. ΥἹῸΣ, ποίου ει᾿´δους; Τῶν ὑποπεπτωκότων τῷ ὀνόματι, τῶν ὡς πρὸς τί. Καὶ πρὸς τίνα ε᾿´χει; Πρὸς τὸν πατέρα.Ὅθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ υ῾´ω τὸ βρέχω· ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τῆς μητρὸς ω᾿`ν ευ᾿φρασία· η᾿` παρὰ τὸ υ῾´ι¨ς υ῾´ι¨ος καὶ κράσει υ῾`ς (υἱὸς), καὶ μετάγεται ἡ γενικὴ ει᾿ς ευ᾿θεῖαν, καὶ ὀξύνεται. Υἱὸς πόσας ευ᾿θείας καὶ γενικὰς ε᾿πιδέχεται; Τρεῖς, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ υἱοῦ, υἱεῦς υἱέως, υ῾῀ι¨ς υ῾´ι¨ος. ΕΙ᾿῀ ῥῆμα ὁριστικὸν, ἁπλοῦν παράγωγον, χρόνου ε᾿νε στῶτος, προσώπου δευτέρου, καταλήξεως τῶν ει᾿ς ΜΙ. Καὶ πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ ε᾿´ω τὸ ὑπάρχω γίνεται παράγωγον ῥῆμα ει᾿μι`, καὶ ε᾿´πειτα ει᾿ς ΜΙ φύσει μακρᾷ παραλήγονται, πλεονάζει τὸ Ι, καὶ γίνεται ΕΙΜΙ. Καὶ διατί ου᾿κ ἐτράπη τὸ Ε ει᾿ς Η;Ἵνα φυλαχθῇ λείψανον τοῦ πρωτοτύπου. Τὸ δεύ-τερον ει᾿῀ς, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ Σ ει᾿῀.Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ βαρυ τόνου δευτέρου προσώπου τοῦ παθητικοῦ ἐνεστῶτος κατὰ τὸνἈπολλώνιον. Λέγει γὰρ, ε᾿κ τοῦ ε᾿´ω τὸ ὑπάρχω τὸ παθητικὸν ε᾿´ομαι, τὸ δεύτερον ε᾿´ῃ, καὶ ἐπεὶ τὰ δεύτερα πρόσ ωπα τῶν παθητικῶν οἱἈττικοὶ διὰ τῆς ΕΙ διφθόγγου γράφουσιν, ε᾿πεκράτησε καὶ παρ' ἡμῖν τέσσαρα γράφεσθαι διὰ τῆς ΕΙ διφθόγγου· ει᾿σι` δὲ ταῦτα, ο᾿´ψομαι ο᾿´ψει, βού λομαι βούλει, οι᾿´ομαι οι᾿´ει, ε᾿´ομαι ε᾿´ει καὶ κράσει ει᾿῀. Οἱ δὲ φασὶ κακῶς κατασκευάζεσθαι αυ᾿το´· τὰ γὰρ ὑπαρκτικὰ ῥήματα παθητικὸν ου᾿κ ε᾿´χουσιν, οι῾῀ον ὑπάρχω, ου᾿ λέγομεν ὑπάρχομαι, ει᾿μι`, ου᾿ λέγομεν ε᾿μαί· ου῾´τως ου᾿῀ν καὶ ε᾿´ω, ου᾿ λέγομεν ε᾿´ομαι. Φασὶν ου᾿῀ν, ε᾿κ τοῦ ε᾿´ω τὸ ὑπάρχω γίνεται παράγωγον ῥῆμα ει᾿μι`, τὸ δεύτερον ει᾿῀ς, καὶ ὀξύνεται. Τὰ γὰρ ει᾿ς ΜΙ τροπῇ τῆς ΜΙ ει᾿ς Σ τὸ δεύτερον ποιοῦντα, καὶ τὸν αυ᾿το`ν τόνον φυλάσσει, καὶ ἀποβολῇ τοῦ Σ ει᾿῀, μεταβλη 89 θέντος τοῦ τόνου, διὰ τὴν α᾿ποβολὴν τοῦ Σ· καὶ ο῾´τι πᾶν ῥῆμα μακροκατάληκτον ε᾿πι` τῆς μακρᾶς ε᾿´χον τὸν τόνον περισπᾶται· καὶ ἐν συνθέσει πάρει· "ἐὰν καταβῶ ει᾿ς τὸν ᾅδην, πάρει." ΣΉΜΕΡΟΝ, ε᾿πι´ρρημα χρόνου δηλωτικὸν, η᾿` μᾶλλον ε᾿πι´ρ ρημα καιροῦ παραστατικόν. ∆ιόρισον. Τὰ δὲ καιροῦ παρα στατικὰ, οι῾῀ον σήμερον, αυ᾿´ριον. Καὶ πόθεν γίνεται; Παρὰ τὸ ἡμέρα, ε᾿ξ ου῾῀ καὶ γράφεται διὰ τοῦ Η· α᾿νεφάνη γὰρ τὸ Α ε᾿ν τῷ σάμερον, καὶ τὰ ε᾿´χοντα α᾿ναφαινόμενον τὸ Α διὰ τοῦ Η γράφεται, σάμερον σήμερον, α῾´λιος η῾´λιος, σᾶμα σῆμα. Τὸ ΡΟΝ μικρὸν, διατί; Καθόλου τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΝ λήγοντα ε᾿πιρ ρήματα διὰ τοῦ Ο μικροῦ γράφεται, οι῾῀ον βοτρυδὸν, α᾿γεληδὸν, πλὴν τοῦ χρεὼν παρὰἈττικοῖς, καὶ ἐμπεδὼν, καὶ ἐκποδὼν, καὶ ἐκ δεξιῶν καὶ ἐξ ευ᾿ωνύμων. Τὸ ΜΕ ψιλὸν, διατί; Κατὰ παράδοσιν. Κατὰ ποῖον κανόνα τῆς ο᾿ρθογραφίας; Κατὰ ἱστορίαν. Καὶ πόσοι κανόνες τῆς ο᾿ρθογραφίας; Τέσσαρες· α᾿ναλογία, διάλεκτος, ε᾿τυμολογία, καὶ ἱστορία. Τί ἐστιν α᾿ναλογία;Ὅταν κατορθῶμεν γραφῇ, η᾿` ο῾´ταν κανόνα α᾿ποδῶμεν, ω῾´σπερ ε᾿πι` τοῦ ταχεῖα ε᾿δηλώσαμεν. Τί ε᾿στι διάλεκτος;Ὅταν τὸ ἡμεῖς διὰ τῆς ΕΙ διφθόγγου γρα φόμενον ει᾿´πω, ε᾿πεὶ οἱ Αι᾿ολεῖς α᾿´μες λέγουσι, τὸ προσὸν Ε τῇ λέξει ε᾿κφωνήσαντες. Τί ἐστιν ε᾿τυμολογία;Ὅταν τὸ η᾿´πειρος διὰ τῆς ΕΙ διφθόγγου γράφω, ει᾿´πω, διότι πέρας ου᾿κ ε᾿´χει, α᾿´περος καὶ α᾿´πειρός τις ου᾿῀σα. Τί ἐστιν ἱστορία; Ὅταν τὸ χίλιοι διὰ τοῦ Ι γράφηται, ει᾿´πω, ου῾´τως αυ᾿το` βούλεται γράφειν ἡ παράδοσις. ∆ιατί βαρύνεται; Τὰ ει᾿ς ΟΝ λήγοντα ε᾿πιρρήματα παραληγόμενα τῷ Ι η᾿` τῷ Ε βαρύ νονται, οι῾῀ον σήμερον, αυ᾿´ριον, πλὴν τοῦ αυ᾿θημερὸν, καὶ ἐξὸν, ὑπεσταλμένων τῶν ο᾿νοματικῶν.