John Chrysostom, On Matthew

Paul commanded, persuading us to shun foolish talking and coarse jesting. And the occasion for laughter is what is more grievous than these things. For whenever those mimes of foolish things say something blasphemous or shameful, then many of the more foolish people laugh and are delighted, applauding for things for which they should have stoned them, and through this pleasure dragging the furnace of fire down upon their own heads. For those who praise the ones saying these things, these are the very ones who persuade them to speak; for which reason they would be more justly responsible for the punishment laid down for these things. For if there were no one watching such things, there would be no one performing; but when they see you leaving workshops and trades and the income from these, and simply everything, for the sake of spending time there, they receive greater eagerness, and apply more diligence to these things. And I do not say these things to free them from the charges, but so that you may learn that you yourselves are especially the ones providing the beginning and the root of such lawlessness, you who spend the whole day on these things, and making a public spectacle of the sacred matters of marriage, and making an example of the great mystery. For that one who acts these things out is not so much the one sinning as you are before him, who command him to do these things; or rather, not only commanding, but also being eager, and rejoicing, and laughing, and praising the things that are done, and in every way supporting such workshops of demons. With what eyes, then, tell me, will you look upon your wife at home hereafter, having seen her being insulted there? And how do you not blush when you remember your wife, whenever you see nature itself being made a public example? 57.72 8. For do not tell me this, that the things being done are acting; for this acting has made many adulterers, and has overthrown many households. And for this reason I especially groan, that what is being done does not even seem to be wicked, but there is also applause and shouting and much laughter, while so much adultery is being dared. What are you saying? The things being done are acting? For this very reason, then, they would be worthy of ten thousand deaths, because they have been eager to imitate those things which all the laws command us to flee. For if the thing itself is evil, the imitation of it is also evil. And I do not yet say how many adulterers they make, those who act out such dramas of adultery, how they make the spectators of such things bold and shameless; for nothing is more debauched and bold than an eye that endures to look at such things. But you would not choose to see a woman being stripped naked in the marketplace, or rather, not even in a house, but you even call the act an outrage; yet you go up to the theatre, in order to insult the common race of men and women, and to shame your own eyes? For do not say this, that the one being stripped is a prostitute, but that the nature is the same and the body is the same for both the prostitute and the free woman. For if this is not at all improper, why, when you see this happening in the marketplace, do you yourself jump away and drive off the one behaving indecently? Or is it that when we are separated, such a thing is improper, but when we are gathered and all sitting together, it is no longer similarly shameful? But these things are a laugh and a reproach, and the words of utter madness; and it is better to smear one's entire sight with clay and filth than to behold such lawlessness. For filth is not so harmful to the eye as an intemperate gaze and the sight of a woman stripped naked. Hear, then, what caused nakedness from the beginning, and fear the occasion of such indecency. What then caused nakedness? Disobedience, and the counsel of the devil. Thus from of old and from the beginning, this has been his practice. But they, at least, were ashamed of being naked; but you even take pride in it, according to that apostolic saying, "whose glory is in their shame." How then will your wife look upon you hereafter, when you have returned from such lawlessness? how will she receive you? how will she address you, you who have so dishonorably made a public example of the common nature of women, and a captive of the

Παῦλος ἐκέλευσε, τὴν μωρολογίαν καὶ τὴν εὐτραπελίαν, ταῦτα διώκειν ἀναπείθων. Καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτερον τούτων ἡ τοῦ γέλωτός ἐστιν ὑπόθεσις. Ὅταν μὲν γὰρ βλάσφημόν τι εἴπωσιν ἢ αἰσχρὸν οἱ μῖμοι τῶν γελοίων ἐκείνων, τότε πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνοητοτέρων γελῶσι καὶ τέρπονται, ὑπὲρ ὧν αὐτοὺς λιθάζειν ἐχρῆν, ὑπὲρ τούτων κροτοῦντες, καὶ τὴν κάμινον τοῦ πυρὸς διὰ τῆς ἡδονῆς ταύτης κατὰ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἕλκοντες κεφαλῆς. Οἱ γὰρ ἐπαινοῦντες τοὺς ταῦτα λέγοντας, οὗτοι μάλιστά εἰσιν οἱ λέγειν ἀναπείθοντες· διὸ καὶ τῆς κολάσεως τῆς ἐπὶ τούτοις κειμένης δικαιότερον ἂν εἶεν ὑπεύθυνοι. Εἰ γὰρ μηδεὶς ἦν ὁ τὰ τοιαῦτα θεώμενος, οὐδ' ἂν ὁ ἀγωνιζόμενος ἦν· ὅταν δὲ ἴδωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ ἐργαστήρια καὶ τέχνας καὶ τὴν ἐκ τούτων πρόσοδον, καὶ πάντα ἁπλῶς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐκεῖ διατριβῆς ἀφέντας, μείζονα δέχονται τὴν προθυμίαν, καὶ πλείονα περὶ ταῦτα ποιοῦνται σπουδήν. Καὶ ταῦτα οὐκ ἐκείνους ἀπαλλάττων ἐγκλημάτων λέγω, ἀλλ' ἵνα ὑμεῖς μάθητε, ὅτι τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὴν ῥίζαν τῆς τοιαύτης παρανομίας ὑμεῖς μάλιστά ἐστε οἱ παρέχοντες, οἱ τὴν ἡμέραν ἅπασαν εἰς ταῦτα καταναλίσκοντες, καὶ τὰ σεμνὰ τοῦ γάμου πράγματα ἐκπομπεύοντες, καὶ τὸ μυστήριον τὸ μέγα παραδειγματίζοντες. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτως ἐκεῖνος ὁ ταῦτα ὑποκρινόμενός ἐστιν ὁ πλημμελῶν, ὡς πρὸ ἐκείνου σὺ, ὁ ταῦτα κελεύων ποιεῖν· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ κελεύων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ σπουδάζων, καὶ εὐφραινόμενος, καὶ γελῶν, καὶ ἐπαινῶν τὰ γινόμενα, καὶ παντὶ τρόπῳ συγκροτῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργαστήρια τῶν δαιμόνων. Ποίοις οὖν ὀφθαλμοῖς, εἰπέ μοι, λοιπὸν τὴν γυναῖκα ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας ὄψει, ἰδὼν αὐτὴν ὑβριζομένην ἐκεῖ; Πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἐρυθριᾷς ἀναμιμνησκόμενος τῆς συνοίκου, ἡνίκα ἂν τὴν φύσιν αὐτὴν παραδειγματιζομένην ἴδῃς; 57.72 ηʹ. Μὴ γάρ μοι τοῦτο εἴπῃς, ὅτι ὑπόκρισίς ἐστι τὰ γινόμενα· ἡ γὰρ ὑπόκρισις αὕτη πολλοὺς εἰργάσατο μοιχοὺς, καὶ πολλὰς ἀνέτρεψεν οἰκίας. Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα στένω, ὅτι οὐδὲ δοκεῖ πονηρὸν εἶναι τὸ γινόμενον, ἀλλὰ καὶ κρότοι καὶ κραυγὴ καὶ γέλως πολὺς, μοιχείας τολμωμένης τοσαύτης. Τί λέγεις; Ὑπόκρισις τὰ γινόμενα; ∆ι' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μυρίων ἂν εἶεν ἐκεῖνοι θανάτων ἄξιοι, ὅτι ἃ φεύγειν οἱ νόμοι κελεύουσιν ἅπαντες, ταῦτα μιμεῖσθαι ἐσπουδάκασιν ἐκεῖνοι. Εἰ γὰρ αὐτὸ κακὸν, καὶ ἡ μίμησις τούτου κακόν. Καὶ οὔπω λέγω, πόσους ἐργάζονται μοιχοὺς οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα τῆς μοιχείας ὑποκρινόμενοι δράματα, πῶς ἰταμοὺς καὶ ἀναισχύντους κατασκευάζοντι τοὺς τῶν τοιούτων θεωρούς· οὐδὲν γὰρ πορνικώτερον καὶ ἰταμώτερον ὀφθαλμοῦ τοιαῦτα βλέπειν ἀνεχομένου. Σὺ δὲ ἐν ἀγορᾷ μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιο γυναῖκα γυμνουμένην ἰδεῖν, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἐν οἰκίᾳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὕβριν τὸ πρᾶγμα καλεῖς· ἐπὶ δὲ τὸ θέατρον ἀναβαίνεις, ἵνα τὸ κοινὸν τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν ἐνυβρίσῃς γένος, καὶ τοὺς σαυτοῦ αἰσχύνῃς ὀφθαλμούς; Μὴ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο εἴπῃς, ὅτι πόρνη ἐστὶν ἡ γυμνουμένη, ἀλλ' ὅτι ἡ αὐτὴ φύσις καὶ σῶμα τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ τῆς πόρνης καὶ τῆς ἐλευθέρας. Εἰ γὰρ οὐδὲν ἄτοπον τοῦτο, τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐπ' ἀγορᾶς ἂν ἴδῃς τοῦτο γινόμενον, καὶ αὐτὸς ἀποπηδᾷς, καὶ τὴν ἀσχημονοῦσαν ἐλαύνεις; ἢ ὅταν μὲν διῃρημένοι ὦμεν, τότε ἄτοπον τὸ τοιοῦτον· ὅταν δὲ συνηγμένοι καὶ πάντες ὁμοῦ καθήμενοι, οὐκέτι ὁμοίως αἰσχρόν; Ἀλλὰ γέλως ταῦτα καὶ ὄνειδος, καὶ ἐσχάτης παραπληξίας ῥήματα· καὶ βέλτιον πηλῷ καὶ βορβόρῳ τὴν ὄψιν ἀναχρῶσαι πᾶσαν, ἢ τοιαύτην θεωρῆσαι παρανομίαν. Οὔτε γὰρ οὕτως ὀφθαλμῷ βλάβη βόρβορος, ὡς ἀκόλαστος ὄψις, καὶ γεγυμνωμένης γυναικὸς θεωρία. Ἄκουσον γοῦν τί τὴν γύμνωσιν ἐποίησεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, καὶ φοβήθητι τῆς τοιαύτης ἀσχημοσύνης τὴν ὑπόθεσιν. Τί οὖν ἐποίησε τὴν γύμνωσιν; Ἡ παρακοὴ, καὶ ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου συμβουλή. Οὕτως ἄνωθεν καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ἐκείνου τοῦτο γέγονε τὸ ἐπιτήδευμα. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι μὲν κἂν ᾐσχύνοντο γυμνοὶ ὄντες· ὑμεῖς δὲ καὶ ἐγκαλλωπίζεσθε, κατὰ τὸ ἀποστολικὸν ἐκεῖνο, Ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ τὴν δόξαν ἔχοντες. Πῶς οὖν ὄψεταί σε λοιπὸν ἡ γυνὴ ἀπὸ τῆς τοιαύτης ἐπανελθόντα παρανομίας; πῶς δέξεται; πῶς προσερεῖ, οὕτως ἀτίμως τὸ κοινὸν τῆς γυναικείας παραδειγματίσαντα φύσεως, καὶ αἰχμάλωτον ὑπὸ τῆς