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and she, when the fullness came, gives birth. For this also the prophets proclaimed beforehand, saying, Rejoice, O barren one who does not bear; break forth and cry, you who are not in labor; for the children of the desolate one are many more than of her who has a husband; so calling the Church. For she had not known God; but nevertheless, having come to know Him, she surpassed the synagogue which had many children. So, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free. All these things he moves and turns, wishing to show that what had happened was not recent, but was prefigured from above and many ages ago. How then is it not absurd that those who were set apart so many ages ago and obtained freedom, should willingly bring themselves under the yoke of bondage? Then he also gives another reason to persuade them to abide by the doctrines.

61.663 CHAPTER 5. For in the freedom, he says, with which Christ has purchased you, stand fast.

1. For did you free yourselves, that you run back again to your former master? But is it not He who purchased you, another who gave the price for you? Do you see by how many arguments he draws them away from the Jewish error? First, showing that it is of the utmost folly for those who have become free instead of slaves to desire to be slaves instead of free; second, that they will be shown to be unmindful and ungrateful towards their benefactor, despising the one who freed them, and loving the one who enslaved them; third, that this is not possible. For the law no longer has the mastery, since another has purchased us all from it. And by saying, Stand fast, 61.664 he showed their agitation. And do not be entangled again in a yoke of bondage. By the name of 'yoke' he indicates to them the burdensome nature of the matter; and by saying, 'Again,' he shows their great insensibility. For if you were inexperienced of that burden, you would not be worthy of so great a charge; but you who have learned by experience the heaviness of the yoke, then to subject yourselves to it again, what pardon would you be worthy to receive? Behold, I Paul say to you, that if you be circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing. See how great a threat. With reason, therefore, did he anathematize even angels.

But how will Christ profit them nothing? For he himself did not prove this, but declared it, as if the trustworthiness of his person was sufficient henceforth for all proof (for this is why he said beforehand: Behold, I Paul say to you, which was the act of one confident in what he says); but we, as 61.665 far as we are able, will add what we can. How will Christ profit the one who is circumcised nothing? The one who is circumcised is circumcised as one who fears the law; but he who fears, disbelieves the power of grace, and he who disbelieves, gains nothing from that in which he disbelieves. Again, another way, he who is circumcised makes the law lord; and thinking it to be lord, and transgressing the greater part of it, while observing the lesser, he again places himself under the curse; and subjecting himself to the curse, and having rejected the freedom that comes from faith, how can he be saved? For if one must say something paradoxical, this man believes neither in Christ nor in the law, but stands in the middle, wishing to gain from both sides; wherefore he will reap nothing from either. Then having said, that He will profit nothing, he enigmatically and briefly sets forth the proof, saying thus: And I testify to every man who is circumcised, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. For lest you should think these things are said out of enmity, not to you alone do I say it, he says, but also to every man who is circumcised, that he is a debtor to do the whole law; for the precepts of the law are connected to each other. And

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καὶ αὕτη, ὅτε ἦλθε τὸ πλήρωμα, τίκτει. Τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ προφῆται προανεφώνουν λέγοντες, Εὐφράνθητι, στεῖρα ἡ οὐ

τίκτουσα, ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον, ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα, ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον, ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα· τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν οὕτω καλοῦντες. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἐπεγνωκυῖα τὸν Θεόν· ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπιγνοῦσα, τὴν πολύπαιδα ἐνίκησε συναγωγήν. Ἄρα, ἀδελφοὶ, οὐκ ἐσμὲν παιδίσκης τέκνα, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας. Ταῦτα πάντα κινεῖ καὶ στρέφει, δεῖξαι βουλόμενος, ὅτι τὸ γενόμενον οὐ πρόσφατον ἦν, ἀλλ' ἄνωθεν καὶ πρὸ πολλῶν διετυποῦτο χρόνων. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἄτοπον πρὸ τοσούτων χρόνων ἀφορισθέντας καὶ ἐλευθερίας τυχόντας, ἑκόντας ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τὸν τῆς δουλείας ὑπάγειν ζυγόν; Εἶτα καὶ ἄλλην αἰτίαν τίθησι τὴν πείθουσαν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν δογμάτων μένειν.

61.663 ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ Εʹ. Τῇ γὰρ ἐλευθερίᾳ, φησὶν, ᾗ Χριστὸς ὑμᾶς ἐξ ηγόρασε, στήκετε.

αʹ. Μὴ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς ἠλευθερώσατε, ὅτι πάλιν ἐπὶ προτέραν τρέχετε δεσποτείαν; ἀλλ' αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ ὑμᾶς ἐξηγορακὼς, ἄλλος ὁ τὴν τιμὴν δοὺς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; Ὁρᾷς δι' ὅσων αὐτοὺς ἀπάγει τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς πλάνης; Πρῶτον δεικνὺς, ὅτι ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας ἐλευθέρους ἀντὶ δούλων γενομένους δούλους ἀντ' ἐλευθέρων ἐπιθυμεῖν εἶναι· δεύτερον, ὅτι περὶ τὸν εὐεργέτην ἀγνώμονες καὶ ἀχάριστοι δειχθήσονται, τοῦ μὲν ἐλευθερώσαντος καταφρονοῦντες, τὸν δὲ δουλωσάμενον στέργοντες· τρίτον, ὅτι οὐ δυνατὸν τοῦτο. Οὐ γὰρ ἔχει τὴν δεσποτείαν ὁ νόμος, ἅπαξ ἑτέρου παρ' αὐτοῦ πάντας ἡμᾶς πριαμένου. Στήκετε δὲ 61.664 εἰπὼν, τὸν σάλον ἔδειξε. Καὶ μὴ πάλιν ζυγῷ δουλείας ἐνέχεσθε. Τῷ μὲν τοῦ ζυγοῦ ὀνόματι τὸ βαρὺ τοῦ πράγματος αὐτοῖς ἐνδείκνυται· τῷ δὲ, Πάλιν, εἰπεῖν, πολλὴν αὐτῶν δείκνυσι τὴν ἀναισθησίαν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἄπειροι ἦτε τοῦ βάρους ἐκείνου, οὐ τοσούτων ἦτε ἐγκλημάτων ἄξιοι· οἱ δὲ τῇ πείρᾳ μαθόντες τὸ φορτικὸν τοῦ ζυγοῦ, εἶτα ὑποτιθέντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐκείνῳ πάλιν, ποίας ἂν εἴητε δίκαιοι τυχεῖν συγγνώμης; Ἰδὲ ἐγὼ Παῦλος λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι ἐὰν περιτέμνεσθε, Χριστὸς ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ὠφελήσει. Ὅρα πόση ἀπειλή. Εἰκότως ἄρα καὶ ἀγγέλους ἀνεθεμάτιζε.

Πῶς δὲ Χριστὸς αὐτοὺς οὐδὲν ὠφελήσει; Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ τοῦτο οὐ κατεσκεύασεν, ἀλλ' ἀπεφήνατο, ὡς τῆς τοῦ προσώπου ἀξιοπιστίας ἀρκούσης ἀντὶ πάσης ἀποδείξεως λοιπὸν (διὰ τοῦτο γὰρ προλαβὼν εἶπεν· Ἰδὲ ἐγὼ Παῦλος λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅπερ ἦν θαῤῥοῦντος οἷς λέγει)· ἡμεῖς δὲ ὡς ἂν 61.665 οἷόν τε τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῶν προσθήσομεν. Πῶς οὐδὲν ὠφελήσει τὸν περιτεμνόμενον ὁ Χριστός; Ὁ περιτεμνόμενος, ὡς νόμον δεδοικὼς περιτέμνεται· ὁ δὲ δεδοικὼς, ἀπιστεῖ τῇ δυνάμει τῆς χάριτος, ὁ δὲ ἀπιστῶν, οὐδὲν κερδαίνει παρὰ τῆς ἀπιστουμένης. Πάλιν ἑτέρως, ὁ περιτεμνόμενος τὸν νόμον κύριον ποιεῖ· κύριον δὲ εἶναι νομίζων, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ μείζονος αὐτὸν παραβαίνων μέρους, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἐλάττονος τηρῶν, πάλιν ὑπὸ τὴν ἀρὰν ἑαυτὸν τίθησιν· ὑποβάλλων δὲ ἑαυτὸν τῇ ἀρᾷ, καὶ διακρουσάμενος τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως ἐλευθερίαν, πῶς δύναται σωθῆναι; Εἰ γὰρ χρή τι καὶ παράδοξον εἰπεῖν, οὗτος οὔτε τῷ Χριστῷ, οὔτε τῷ νόμῳ πιστεύει, ἀλλ' ἐν μέσῳ ἕστηκε, κἀκεῖθεν καὶ ἔνθεν βουλόμενος κερδαίνειν· διόπερ οὐδαμόθεν οὐδὲν καρπώσεται. Εἶτα εἰπὼν, ὅτι Οὐδὲν ὠφελήσει, αἰνιγματωδῶς καὶ διὰ βραχέων τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τίθησιν, οὕτω λέγων· Μαρτύρομαι δὲ παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ περιτεμνομένῳ, ὅτι ὀφειλέτης ἐστὶν ὅλον τὸν νόμον πληρῶσαι. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς κατ' ἔχθραν ταῦτα λέγεσθαι, οὐχ ὑμῖν λέγω μόνον, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παντὶ ἀνθρώπῳ περιτεμνομένῳ, ὅτι ὀφειλέτης ἐστὶν ὅλον τὸν νόμον πληρῶσαι· ἀλλήλων γὰρ ἔχεται τὰ νόμιμα. Καὶ