Chapter XLI.

But the matter of principal importance is to endeavour with all accuracy to make it clear that Moses is not only older than Homer, but than all the writers that were before him—older than Linus, Philammon, Thamyris, Amphion, Musæus, Orpheus, Demodocus, Phemius, Sibylla, Epimenides of Crete, who came to Sparta, Aristæus of Proconnesus, who wrote the Arimaspia, Asbolus the Centaur, Isatis, Drymon, Euclus the Cyprian, Horus the Samian, and Pronapis the Athenian. Now, Linus was the teacher of Hercules, but Hercules preceded the Trojan war by one generation; and this is manifest from his son Tlepolemus, who served in the army against Troy. And Orpheus lived at the same time as Hercules; moreover, it is said that all the works attributed to him were composed by Onomacritus the Athenian, who lived during the reign of the Pisistratids, about the fiftieth Olympiad. Musæus was a disciple of Orpheus. Amphion, since he preceded the siege of Troy by two generations, forbids our collecting further particulars about him for those who are desirous of information. Demodocus and Phemius lived at the very time of the Trojan war; for the one resided with the suitors, and the other with the Phœacians. Thamyris and Philammon were not much earlier than these. Thus, concerning their several performances in each kind, and their times and the record of them, we have written very fully, and, as I think, with all exactness. But, that we may complete what is still wanting, I will give my explanation respecting the men who are esteemed wise. Minos, who has been thought to excel in every kind of wisdom, and mental acuteness, and legislative capacity, lived in the time of Lynceus, who reigned after Danaus in the eleventh generation after Inachus. Lycurgus, who was born long after the taking of Troy, gave laws to the Lacedemonians. Draco is found to have lived about the thirty-ninth Olympiad, Solon about the forty-sixth, and Pythagoras about the sixty-second. We have shown that the Olympiads commenced 407 years after the taking of Troy. These facts being demonstrated, we shall briefly remark concerning the age of the seven wise men. The oldest of these, Thales, lived about the fiftieth Olympiad; and I have already spoken briefly of those who came after him.

41.1 Τὸ δὲ νῦν συνέχον, σπευστέον μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας σαφηνίζειν ὡς οὐχ Ὁμήρου μόνον πρεσβύτερός ἐστιν ὁ Μωυσῆς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ συγγραφέων, Λίνου Φιλάμμωνος Θαμύριδος Ἀμφίονος Ὀρφέως Μουσαίου ∆ημοδόκου Φημίου Σιβύλλης Ἐπιμενίδου τοῦ Κρητός, ὅστις εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην ἀφίκετο, καὶ Ἀρισταίου τοῦ Προκοννησίου τοῦ τὰ Ἀριμάσπια συγγράψαντος Ἀσβόλου τε τοῦ Κενταύρου καὶ Βάκιδος ∆ρύμωνός τε καὶ Εὔκλου τοῦ Κυπρίου καὶ Ὥρου τοῦ Σαμίου καὶ Προναπίδου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου. Λίνος μὲν γὰρ Ἡρακλέους ἐστὶ διδάσκαλος, ὁ δὲ Ἡρακλῆς μιᾷ τῶν Τρωϊκῶν προγενέστερος πέφηνε γενεᾷ· τοῦτο δέ ἐστι φανερὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ Τληπολέμου στρατεύσαντος ἐπὶ Ἴλιον. Ὀρφεὺς δὲ κατὰ 41.2 τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Ἡρακλεῖ γέγονεν ἄλλως τε καὶ τὰ εἰς αὐτὸν ἐπιφερόμενά φασιν ὑπὸ Ὀνομακρίτου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου συντετάχθαι γενομένου κατὰ τὴν Πεισιστρατιδῶν ἀρχὴν περὶ τὴν πεντηκοστὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα. τοῦ δὲ Ὀρφέως Μουσαῖος μαθητής. Ἀμφίων δὲ δυσὶ προάγων γενεαῖς τῶν Ἰλιακῶν τοῦ πλείονα πρὸς τοὺς φιλομαθεῖς συντάττειν ἡμᾶς ἀπείργει. ∆ημόδοκος δὲ καὶ Φήμιος κατ' αὐτὸν τὸν Τρωϊκὸν πόλεμον γεγόνασιν· διέτριβον γὰρ ὁ μὲν παρὰ τοῖς μνηστῆρσιν, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Φαίαξιν. καὶ ὁ Θάμυρις δὲ καὶ ὁ Φιλάμμων οὐ πολὺ τούτων εἰσὶν ἀρχαιότεροι. Περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λογίων πραγματείας, χρόνων τε καὶ ἀναγραφῆς αὐτῶν ὡς οἶμαι σφόδρα *** μετὰ πάσης 41.3 ὑμῖν ἀκριβείας ἀνεγράψαμεν· ἵνα δὲ καὶ τὸ μέχρι νῦν ἐνδέον ἀποπληρώσωμεν, ἔτι καὶ περὶ τῶν νομιζομένων σοφῶν ποιήσομαι τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. Μίνως μὲν γάρ, ὁ πάσης προὔχειν νομισθεὶς σοφίας ἀγχινοίας τε καὶ νομοθεσίας, ἐπὶ Λυγκέως τοῦ μετὰ ∆αναὸν βασιλεύσαντος γέγονεν ἑνδεκάτῃ γενεᾷ μετὰ Ἴναχον. Λυκοῦργος δέ, πολὺ μετὰ τὴν Ἰλίου γεννηθεὶς ἅλωσιν, πρὸ τῶν Ὀλυμπιάδων ἔτεσιν ἑκατὸν νομοθετεῖ Λακεδαιμονίοις. ∆ράκων δὲ περὶ Ὀλυμπιάδα τριακοστὴν καὶ ἐνάτην εὑρίσκεται γεγονώς, Σόλων περὶ ˉμˉ , Πυθαγόρας περὶ ˉξˉβ. τὰς δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδας ὕστερον τῶν Ἰλιακῶν ἔτεσιν ἀπεδείξαμεν γεγονυίας τετρακοσίοις ἑπτά. καὶ δὴ τούτων οὕτως ἀποδεδειγμένων, διὰ βραχέων ἔτι καὶ περὶ τῆς τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν ἡλικίας ἀναγράψομεν. 41.4 τοῦ γὰρ πρεσβυτάτου τῶν προειρημένων Θαλῆτος γενομένου περὶ τὴν πεντηκοστὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα, καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν μετ' αὐτὸν σχεδὸν ἡμῖν συντόμως εἴρηται.