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Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata, or Miscellanies
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Book I Chapter I.—Preface—The Author’s Object—The Utility of Written Compositions.
Chapter III.—Against the Sophists.
Chapter IV.—Human Arts as Well as Divine Knowledge Proceed from God.
Chapter V.—Philosophy the Handmaid of Theology.
Chapter VI.—The Benefit of Culture.
Chapter VII.—The Eclectic Philosophy Paves the Way for Divine Virtue.
Chapter VIII.—The Sophistical Arts Useless.
Chapter IX.—Human Knowledge Necessary for the Understanding of the Scriptures.
Chapter X.—To Act Well of Greater Consequence Than to Speak Well.
Chapter XI.—What is the Philosophy Which the Apostle Bids Us Shun?
Chapter XII.—The Mysteries of the Faith Not to Be Divulged to All.
Chapter XIII.—All Sects of Philosophy Contain a Germ of Truth.
Chapter XIV.—Succession of Philosophers in Greece.
Chapter XV.—The Greek Philosophy in Great Part Derived from the Barbarians.
Chapter XVI.—That the Inventors of Other Arts Were Mostly Barbarians.
Chapter XVII.—On the Saying of the Saviour, “All that Came Before Me Were Thieves and Robbers.”
Chapter XVIII.—He Illustrates the Apostle’s Saying, “I Will Destroy the Wisdom of the Wise.”
Chapter XIX.—That the Philosophers Have Attained to Some Portion of Truth.
Chapter XX.—In What Respect Philosophy Contributes to the Comprehension of Divine Truth.
Chapter XXII.—On the Greek Translation of the Old Testament.
Chapter XXIII.—The Age, Birth, and Life of Moses.
Chapter XXIV.—How Moses Discharged the Part of a Military Leader.
Chapter XXV.—Plato an Imitator of Moses in Framing Laws.
Chapter XXVII.—The Law, Even in Correcting and Punishing, Aims at the Good of Men.
Chapter XXVIII.—The Fourfold Division of the Mosaic Law.
Chapter XXIX.—The Greeks But Children Compared with the Hebrews.
Book II. Chapter I.—Introductory.
Chapter II.—The Knowledge of God Can Be Attained Only Through Faith.
Chapter III.—Faith Not a Product of Nature.
Chapter IV.—Faith the Foundation of All Knowledge.
Chapter V.—He Proves by Several Examples that the Greeks Drew from the Sacred Writers.
Chapter VI.—The Excellence and Utility of Faith.
Chapter VII.—The Utility of Fear. Objections Answered.
Chapter VIII.—The Vagaries of Basilides and Valentinus as to Fear Being the Cause of Things.
Chapter IX.—The Connection of the Christian Virtues.
Chapter X.—To What the Philosopher Applies Himself.
Chapter XI.—The Knowledge Which Comes Through Faith the Surest of All.
Chapter XIII.—On First and Second Repentance.
Chapter XIV.—How a Thing May Be Involuntary.
Chapter XV.—On the Different Kinds of Voluntary Actions, and the Sins Thence Proceeding.
Chapter XVI.—How We are to Explain the Passages of Scripture Which Ascribe to God Human Affections.
Chapter XVII.—On the Various Kinds of Knowledge.
Chapter XIX.—The True Gnostic is an Imitator of God, Especially in Beneficence.
Chapter XX.—The True Gnostic Exercises Patience and Self-Restraint.
Chapter XXI.—Opinions of Various Philosophers on the Chief Good.
Book III. Caput I.—Basilidis Sententiam de Continentia Et Nuptiis Refutat.
Caput II.—Carpocratis Et Epiphanis Sententiam de Feminarum Communitate Refutat.
Caput IV.—Quibus Prætextibus Utantur Hæretici ad Omnis Genetis Licentiam Et Libidinem Exercendam.
Caput VII.—Qua in Re Christianorum Continentia Eam Quam Sibi Vindicant Philosophi Antecellat.
Caput X.—Verba Christi Matt. xviii. 20, Mystice Exponit.
Caput XI.—Legis Et Christi Mandatum de Non Concupiscendo Exponit.
Caput XIV.—2 Cor. xi. 3, Et Eph. iv. 24, Exponit.
Caput XV.—1 Cor. vii. 1 Luc. xiv. 26 Isa. lvi. 2, 3, Explicat.
Caput XVI.—Jer. xx. 14 Job xiv. 3 Ps. l. 5 1 Cor. ix. 27, Exponit.
Book IV. Chapter I.—Order of Contents.
Chapter II.—The Meaning of the Name Stromata or Miscellanies.
Chapter III.—The True Excellence of Man.
Chapter IV.—The Praises of Martyrdom.
Chapter V.—On Contempt for Pain, Poverty, and Other External Things.
Chapter VI.—Some Points in the Beatitudes.
Chapter VII.—The Blessedness of the Martyr.
Chapter VIII.—Women as Well as Men, Slaves as Well as Freemen, Candidates for the Martyr’s Crown.
Chapter IX.—Christ’s Sayings Respecting Martyrdom.
Chapter X.—Those Who Offered Themselves for Martyrdom Reproved.
Chapter XI.—The Objection, Why Do You Suffer If God Cares for You, Answered.
Chapter XII.—Basilides’ Idea of Martyrdom Refuted.
Chapter XIII.—Valentinian’s Vagaries About the Abolition of Death Refuted.
Chapter XIV.—The Love of All, Even of Our Enemies.
Chapter XV.—On Avoiding Offence.
Chapter XVI.—Passages of Scripture Respecting the Constancy, Patience, and Love of the Martyrs.
Chapter XVII.—Passages from Clement’s Epistle to the Corinthians on Martyrdom.
Chapter XVIII.—On Love, and the Repressing of Our Desires.
Chap. XIX.—Women as well as Men Capable of Perfection.
Chapter XXI.—Description of the Perfect Man, or Gnostic.
Chapter XXIII.—The Same Subject Continued.
Chapter XXIV.—The Reason and End of Divine Punishments.
Chapter XXV.—True Perfection Consists in the Knowledge and Love of God.
Chapter XXVI.—How the Perfect Man Treats the Body and the Things of the World.
Chapter III.—The Objects of Faith and Hope Perceived by the Mind Alone.
Chapter IV.—Divine Things Wrapped Up in Figures Both in the Sacred and in Heathen Writers.
Chapter V.—On the Symbols of Pythagoras.
Chapter VI.—The Mystic Meaning of the Tabernacle and Its Furniture.
Chapter VII.—The Egyptian Symbols and Enigmas of Sacred Things.
Chapter VIII.—The Use of the Symbolic Style by Poets and Philosophers.
Chapter IX.—Reasons for Veiling the Truth in Symbols.
Chapter X.—The Opinion of the Apostles on Veiling the Mysteries of the Faith.
Chapter XII.—God Cannot Be Embraced in Words or by the Mind.
Chapter XIII.—The Knowledge of God a Divine Gift, According to the Philosophers.
Chapter XIV.—Greek Plagiarism from the Hebrews.
Chapter II.—The Subject of Plagiarisms Resumed. The Greeks Plagiarized from One Another.
Chapter III.—Plagiarism by the Greeks of the Miracles Related in the Sacred Books of the Hebrews.
Chapter V.—The Greeks Had Some Knowledge of the True God.
Chapter VI.—The Gospel Was Preached to Jews and Gentiles in Hades.
Chapter VII.—What True Philosophy Is, and Whence So Called.
Chapter VIII.—Philosophy is Knowledge Given by God.
Chapter IX.—The Gnostic Free of All Perturbations of the Soul.
Chapter X.—The Gnostic Avails Himself of the Help of All Human Knowledge.
Chapter XI.—The Mystical Meanings in the Proportions of Numbers, Geometrical Ratios, and Music.
Chapter XII.—Human Nature Possesses an Adaptation for Perfection The Gnostic Alone Attains It.
Chapter XIII.—Degrees of Glory in Heaven Corresponding with the Dignities of the Church Below.
Chapter XIV.—Degrees of Glory in Heaven.
Chapter XV.—Different Degrees of Knowledge.
Chapter XVI.—Gnostic Exposition of the Decalogue.
Chapter XVII.—Philosophy Conveys Only an Imperfect Knowledge of God.
Chapter XVIII.—The Use of Philosophy to the Gnostic.
Chapter II.—The Son the Ruler and Saviour of All.
Chapter III.—The Gnostic Aims at the Nearest Likeness Possible to God and His Son.
Chapter IV.—The Heathens Made Gods Like Themselves, Whence Springs All Superstition.
Chapter V.—The Holy Soul a More Excellent Temple Than Any Edifice Built by Man.
Chapter VI.—Prayers and Praise from a Pure Mind, Ceaselessly Offered, Far Better Than Sacrifices.
Chapter VII.—What Sort of Prayer the Gnostic Employs, and How It is Heard by God.
Chapter VIII.—The Gnostic So Addicted to Truth as Not to Need to Use an Oath.
Chapter IX.—Those Who Teach Others, Ought to Excel in Virtues.
Chapter X.—Steps to Perfection.
Chapter XI.—Description of the Gnostic’s Life.
Chapter XII.—The True Gnostic is Beneficent, Continent, and Despises Worldly Things.
Chapter XIII.—Description of the Gnostic Continued.
Chapter XIV.—Description of the Gnostic Furnished by an Exposition of 1 Cor. vi. 1, Etc.
Chapter XV.—The Objection to Join the Church on Account of the Diversity of Heresies Answered.
Chapter XVI.—Scripture the Criterion by Which Truth and Heresy are Distinguished.
Chapter XVII.—The Tradition of the Church Prior to that of the Heresies.
Book VIII. Chapter I.—The Object of Philosophical and Theological Inquiry—The Discovery of Truth.
Chapter II.—The Necessity of Perspicuous Definition.
Chapter III.—Demonstration Defined.
Chapter IV.—To Prevent Ambiguity, We Must Begin with Clear Definition.
Chapter V.—Application of Demonstration to Sceptical Suspense of Judgment.
Chapter VI.—Definitions, Genera, and Species.
Chapter VII.—On the Causes of Doubt or Assent.
Faith as also Time being double, we shall find virtues in pairs both dwelling together. For memory is related to past time, hope to future. We believe that what is past did, and that what is future will take place. And, on the other hand, we love, persuaded by faith that the past was as it was, and by hope expecting the future. For in everything love attends the Gnostic, who knows one God. “And, behold, all things which He created were very good.”468 Gen. i. 31. He both knows and admires. Godliness adds length of life; and the fear of the Lord adds days. As, then, the days are a portion of life in its progress, so also fear is the beginning of love, becoming by development faith, then love. But it is not as I fear and hate a wild beast (since fear is twofold) that I fear the father, whom I fear and love at once. Again, fearing lest I be punished, I love myself in assuming fear. He who fears to offend his father, loves himself. Blessed then is he who is found possessed of faith, being, as he is, composed of love and fear. And faith is power in order to salvation, and strength to eternal life. Again, prophecy is foreknowledge; and knowledge the understanding of prophecy; being the knowledge of those things known before by the Lord who reveals all things.
The knowledge, then, of those things which have been predicted shows a threefold result—either one that has happened long ago, or exists now, or about to be. Then the extremes469 i.e., Past and Future, between which lies the Present. either of what is accomplished or of what is hoped for fall under faith; and the present action furnishes persuasive arguments of the confirmation of both the extremes. For if, prophecy being one, one part is accomplishing and another is fulfilled; hence the truth, both what is hoped for and what is passed is confirmed. For it was first present; then it became past to us; so that the belief of what is past is the apprehension of a past event, and a hope which is future the apprehension of a future event.
And not only the Platonists, but the Stoics, say that assent is in our own power. All opinion then, and judgment, and supposition, and knowledge, by which we live and have perpetual intercourse with the human race, is an assent; which is nothing else than faith. And unbelief being defection from faith, shows both assent and faith to be possessed of power; for non-existence cannot be called privation. And if you consider the truth, you will find man naturally misled so as to give assent to what is false, though possessing the resources necessary for belief in the truth. “The virtue, then, that encloses the Church in its grasp,” as the Shepherd says,470 Pastor of Hermas, book i. vision iii. chap. viii. vol. i. p. 15. “is Faith, by which the elect of God are saved; and that which acts the man is Self-restraint. And these are followed by Simplicity, Knowledge, Innocence, Decorum, Love,” and all these are the daughters of Faith. And again, “Faith leads the way, fear upbuilds, and love perfects.” Accordingly he471 See Pastor of Hermas, book ii. commandt. iv. ch. ii. [vol. i. p. 22], for the sense of this passage. says, the Lord is to be feared in order to edification, but not the devil to destruction. And again, the works of the Lord—that is, His commandments—are to be loved and done; but the works of the devil are to be dreaded and not done. For the fear of God trains and restores to love; but the fear of the works of the devil has hatred dwelling along with it. The same also says “that repentance is high intelligence. For he that repents of what he did, no longer does or says as he did. But by torturing himself for his sins, he benefits his soul. Forgiveness of sins is therefore different from repentance; but both show what is in our power.”
Τῆς δὲ πίστεως καθάπερ τοῦ χρόνου διττῶν ὄντων εὕροιμεν ἂν διττὰς ἀρετὰς συνοικούσας ἀμφοῖν. τοῦ γὰρ χρόνου τῷ μὲν παρῳχηκότι ἡ μνήμη, τῷ δὲ μέλλοντι ἐλπίς ἐστι· πιστεύομεν δὲ τὰ παρῳχηκότα γεγονέναι καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι· ἀγαπῶμέν τε αὖ, οὕτως ἔχειν τὰ παρῳχηκότα πίστει πεπεισμένοι, τὰ μέλλοντα ἐλπίδι ἀπεκδεχόμενοι. διὰ πάντων γὰρ ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ γνωστικῷ πεφοίτηκεν ἕνα θεὸν εἰδότι· καὶ ἰδού, πάντα ὅσα δεδημιούργηκε λίαν καλὰ οἶδέν τε καὶ θαυμάζει· θεοσέβεια δὲ προστίθησι μῆκος βίου καὶ φόβος κυρίου προστίθησιν ἡμέρας. ὡς οὖν αἱ ἡμέραι μόριον βίου τοῦ κατ' ἐπανάβασιν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ φόβος τῆς ἀγάπης ἀρχή, κατὰ παραύξησιν πίστις γινόμενος, εἶτα ἀγάπη· ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς φοβοῦμαι τὸ θηρίον καὶ μισῶ (διττοῦ τυγχάνοντος τοῦ φόβου), ὡς δὲ καὶ τὸν πατέρα δέδια, ὃν φοβοῦμαι ἅμα καὶ ἀγαπῶ· πάλιν, φοβούμενος μὴ κολασθῶ, ἐμαυτὸν ἀγαπῶ, αἱρούμενος τὸν φόβον· ὁ [δὲ] φοβούμενος προσκόψαι τῷ πατρὶ ἀγαπᾷ αὐτόν. μακάριος οὖν ὃς πιστὸς γίνεται, ἀγάπῃ καὶ φόβῳ κεκραμένος· πίστις δὲ ἰσχὺς εἰς σωτηρίαν καὶ δύναμις εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. πάλιν ἡ προφητεία πρόγνωσίς ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ γνῶσις προφητείας νόησις, οἷον γνῶσις τῶν ἐκείνοις προεγνωσμένων ὑπὸ τοῦ προφαίνοντος τὰ πάντα κυρίου. ἡ τοίνυν γνῶσις τῶν προαγορευθέντων τριττὴν ἐνδείκνυται τὴν ἔκβασιν, ἢ γεγονυῖαν πάλαι ἢ ἐνεστηκυῖαν ἤδη ἢ ἔσεσθαι μέλλουσαν. εἶθ' αἱ μὲν ἀκρότητες ὑποπεπτώκασι πίστει ἢ τελεσθέντων ἢ ἐλπιζομένων, πειθὼ δὲ παρέχει ἡ ἐνεστηκυῖα ἐνέργεια πρὸς τὴν βεβαίωσιν ἀμφοῖν τοῖν ἄκροιν. εἰ γὰρ μιᾶς οὔσης τῆς προφητείας τὸ μὲν ἤδη τελεῖται, τὸ δὲ πεπλήρωται, πιστὸν ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τὸ ἐλπιζόμενον καὶ τὸ παρῳχηκὸς ἀληθές. πρότερον γὰρ ἐνεστὸς ἦν, εἶτα ἡμῖν παρῴχηκεν, ὡς εἶναι καὶ τὴν τῶν παρῳχηκότων πίστιν κατάληψιν παρῳχηκότος, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐσομένων ἐλπίδα κατάληψιν ἐσομένου πράγματος. τὰς δὲ συγκαταθέσεις οὐ μόνον οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς ἐφ' ἡμῖν εἶναι λέγουσιν. πᾶσα οὖν δόξα καὶ κρίσις καὶ ὑπόληψις καὶ μάθησις, οἷς ζῶμεν καὶ σύνεσμεν αἰεὶ τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων, συγκατάθεσίς ἐστιν· ἣ δ' οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ πίστις εἴη ἄν, ἥ τε ἀπιστία, ἀπόστασις οὖσα τῆς πίστεως, δυνατὴν δείκνυσι τὴν συγκατάθεσίν τε καὶ πίστιν· ἀνυπαρξίας γὰρ στέρησις οὐκ ἂν λεχθείη. κἄν τις τἀληθὲς σκοπῇ, εὑρήσει τὸν ἄνθρωπον φύσει διαβεβλημένον μὲν πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ψεύδους συγκατάθεσιν, ἔχοντα δὲ ἀφορμὰς πρὸς πίστιν τἀληθοῦς. ἡ τοίνυν συνέχουσα τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, ὥς φησιν ὁ Ποιμήν, ἀρετὴ ἡ πίστις ἐστί, δι' ἧς σῴζονται οἱ ἐκλεκτοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ· ἡ δὲ ἀνδριζομένη ἐγκράτεια. ἕπεται δ' αὐταῖς ἁπλότης, ἐπιστήμη, ἀκακία, σεμνότης, ἀγάπη. πᾶσαι δὲ αὗται πίστεώς εἰσι θυγατέρες. καὶ πάλιν· προηγεῖται μὲν πίστις, φόβος δὲ οἰκοδομεῖ, τελειοῖ δὲ ἡ ἀγάπη. φοβητέον οὖν τὸν κύριον, λέγει, εἰς οἰκοδομήν, ἀλλ' οὐ τὸν διάβολον εἰς καταστροφήν. ἔμπαλιν δέ· τὰ μὲν ἔργα τοῦ κυρίου, τουτέστι τὰς ἐντολάς, ἀγαπητέον καὶ ποιητέον, τὰ δὲ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου φοβητέον καὶ οὐ ποιητέον· ὁ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ φόβος παιδεύει καὶ εἰς ἀγάπην ἀποκαθίστησιν, ὁ δὲ τῶν τοῦ διαβόλου ἔργων μῖσος ἔχει σύνοικον. ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς καὶ τὴν μετάνοιαν σύνεσιν εἶναί φησι μεγάλην· μετανοῶν γὰρ ἐφ' οἷς ἔδρασεν οὐκέτι ποιεῖ ἢ λέγει, βασανίζων δὲ ἐφ' οἷς ἥμαρτεν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχὴν ἀγαθοεργεῖ. ἄφεσις τοίνυν ἁμαρτιῶν μετανοίας διαφέρει, ἄμφω δὲ δείκνυσι τὰ ἐφ' ἡμῖν.