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all are rightly said to repay, by the prophetic spirit who said: that they will repay every garment gathered by deceit and cloak with an exchange. These same ones who long ago exacted the souls of men, being about to repay everything at the appointed time, will wish that they had been consumed by fire rather than to see the Savior of all visiting among men. Who then is this? He presents next, saying: that a child is born to us, and a son is given to us, whose government is upon his shoulder, and his name is called Angel of Great Counsel. This was the same one called son and child and Emmanuel, being named son and child a third time in the same prophecy. The first: "Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and you shall call his name Emmanuel," to which he added: "because before the child knows good or evil." The second: "And I went to the prophetess, and she conceived and bore a son," to which he added: "because before the child knows to call father or mother." The third, through the word at hand which says: that a child is born to us. Therefore this child and this son, given to us who have believed in him as a gift from God, is one of many names at present. And he is called Angel of Great Counsel. And this name might seem moderate, although it surpasses every nature, not only mortal, but also angelic; for he did not simply call him an angel, but Angel of Great Counsel. And what might be the great counsel and of whom, if not that of the great God concerning the calling and salvation of all the nations, of which our Savior himself was present as the angel, to minister to the philanthropic counsel of the Father? For according to the Hebrew scripture he is honored with titles greater than that of an angel, and he is said to bear the government upon his shoulder. For the government of the prophesied child, that is, the glory and the honor and the kingdom, and the rule over all things is upon his shoulder, that is, upon the arm of the divinity in him, so understood, because of which divinity he has been named Angel of Great Counsel, as he alone knows the secret things of the Father's counsel and has become its angel to the worthy. And we said that he was deemed worthy of a title greater than that of an angel according to the reading of the Hebrews, which Symmachus interpreted in this manner: and his name will be called marvelous, counselor and mighty powerful, father of the age, prince of peace, but Aquila: and his name, he says, is called wonderful, counselor, mighty, powerful, father yet, prince of peace, and according to Theodotion: and he called his name wonderful, counselor, mighty, ruler, father of the age, prince of peace. But the Hebrew word, instead of 'mighty,' contains 'El', by which God is signified. For in many places of scripture, 'El' is used for God, and in the passages at hand it has been similarly taken, so that through this word the child born to us is also proclaimed God. If, therefore, also in the present prophecy concerning the child born to us and the son given to us, along with the other names he is also named 'El' according to the Hebrew word, it is clear that the prophecy also recognizes him as God, so that if it were said according to the Hebrew tongue 'El Gibbor'. Aquila interpreted it as mighty, powerful, and Symmachus likewise, and Theodotion mighty, ruler, guardian, in which cases they were wary, as is likely concerning a child being born, to assign the name of God. But we would not err in translating it 'mighty God', since 'El' has been shown to us to be translated into 'the God'. And so we are bold to call him this. And the Hebrew tongue has interpreted El gibbor as mighty powerful, and Emmanuel, also including El in his own name, has received the addition 'God with us.' And such titles of the indicated child the

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πάντας εἰκότως ἀποτίσειν λέγεται ὑπὸ τοῦ προφητικοῦ πνεύματος φήσαντος· ὅτι πᾶσαν στολὴν ἐπισυνηγμένην δόλῳ καὶ ἱμάτιον μετὰ καταλλαγῆς ἀποτίσουσιν. οἱ αὐτοὶ δὲ οὗτοι οἱ πάλαι τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ψυχὰς ἐκπράσσοντες μέλλοντες πάντα ἀποτιννύειν ἐν τῷ δηλουμένῳ καιρῷ θελήσουσιν εἰ ἐγενήθησαν πυρίκαυστοι μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν σωτῆρα τῶν ὅλων ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἐπιδημοῦντα θεᾶσθαι. Τίς δ' οὖν οὗτος, ἑξῆς παρίστησι λέγων· ὅτι παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, υἱὸς καὶ ἐδόθη ἡμῖν, οὗ ἡ ἀρχὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ, καὶ καλεῖται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος. ὁ δ' αὐτὸς ἦν οὗτος ὁ λεγόμενος υἱὸς καὶ ὁ παῖς καὶ ὁ Ἐμμανουήλ, τοῦτο τρίτον ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ προφητείᾳ καὶ υἱὸς καὶ παιδίον χρηματίσας. τὸ μὲν πρῶτον· «ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὶ λήψεται καὶ τέξεται υἱόν, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ», οἷς ἐπῆγε· «διότι πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακόν». τὸ δὲ δεύτερον· «καὶ προσῆλθον πρὸς τὴν προφῆτιν, καὶ ἐν γαστρὶ ἔλαβε καὶ ἔτεκεν υἱόν», οἷς ἐπῆγε· «διότι πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον καλεῖν πατέρα ἢ μητέρα». τὸ δὲ τρίτον διὰ τοῦ μετὰ χεῖρα φάσκοντος λόγου· ὅτι παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν. τοῦτο τοιγαροῦν τὸ παιδίον καὶ οὗτος ὁ υἱὸς ὁ ἡμῖν τοῖς εἰς αὐτὸν πεπιστευκόσι δῶρον παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ δοθεὶς πολυώνυμός τις ὢν ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος. κέκληται δὲ Μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος. καὶ εἴη τοῦτο μέτριον τοὔνομα καίτοι πᾶσαν οὐ θνητὴν μόνον ὑπεραῖρον φύσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀγγελικήν· οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ἄγγελον αὐτὸν προσεῖπεν, ἀλλὰ Μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελον. τίς δ' ἂν γένοιτο ἡ μεγάλη βουλὴ καὶ τίνος ἢ ἡ τοῦ μεγάλου θεοῦ περὶ τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν ἁπάντων κλήσεώς τε καὶ σωτηρίας, ἧς αὐτὸς ἄγγελος παρῆν ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν τῇ τοῦ πατρὸς φιλανθρώπῳ βουλῇ διακονησόμενος; κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Ἑβραίων γραφὴν μείζοσιν ἢ κατ' ἄγγελον τετίμηται προσηγορίαις, φέρειν δὲ λέγεται τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ. ἀρχὴ γὰρ τοῦ προφητευομένου παιδίου, τοῦτ' ἔστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ τιμὴ καὶ ἡ βασιλεία, ἥ τε κατὰ πάντων ἀρχὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ ἐστιν, δηλαδὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ βραχίονος τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ θεότητος οὕτως νοουμένης, δι' ἣν θεότητα Μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος ὠνόμασται ὡς ἂν μόνος τὰ ἀπόρρητα τῆς πατρικῆς ἐπιστάμενος βουλῆς καὶ ταύτης ἄγγελος τοῖς ἀξίοις γεγονώς. καὶ μειζόνως δὲ ἢ κατ' ἄγγελον προσηγορίᾳ ἠξιῶσθαι αὐτὸν ἔφαμεν κατὰ τὴν τῶν Ἑβραίων ἀνάγνωσιν, ἣν ὁ μὲν Σύμμαχος τοῦτον ἡρμήνευσεν τὸν τρόπον· καὶ κληθήσεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ παραδοξασμός, βουλευτικὸς καὶ ἰσχυρὸς δυνατός, πατὴρ αἰῶνος, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, ὁ δὲ Ἀκύλας· καὶ καλεῖται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ φησι θαυμαστός, σύμβουλος, ἰσχυρός, δυνατός, πατὴρ ἔτι, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, κατὰ δὲ τὸν Θεοδοτίωνα· καὶ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ θαυμαστός, συμβουλεύων, ἰσχυρός, δυνάστης, πατὴρ αἰῶνος, ἄρχων εἰρήνης. ἡ δὲ Ἑβραϊκὴ φωνὴ ἀντὶ τοῦ· ἰσχυρός, ἢλ περιέχει, δι' οὗ σημαίνεται ὁ θεός. πολλαχοῦ γὰρ τῆς γραφῆς τοῦ ἢλ ἐπὶ τοῦ θεοῦ κειμένου καὶ ἐν τοῖς μετὰ χεῖρας ὁμοίως παρείληπται, ὥστε διὰ ταύτης τῆς φωνῆς καὶ θεὸς ἀναγορεύεσθαι τὸ γεννηθὲν ἡμῖν παιδίον. εἰ τοίνυν καὶ ἐν τῇ προκειμένῃ προφητείᾳ τῆς περὶ τοῦ γεννηθέντος ἡμῖν παιδίου καὶ τοῦ δοθέντος ἡμῖν υἱοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ὀνομάτων καὶ ἢλ κατὰ τὴν Ἑβραϊκὴν φωνὴν ὠνόμασται, δῆλον ὡς καὶ θεὸν αὐτὸν ἡ προφητεία γνωρίζει, ὥστε εἰ λέγοιτο κατὰ τὴν Ἑβραίων γλῶτταν ἢλ γιββώρ. ὁ μὲν Ἀκύλας ἰσχυρός, δυνατὸς ἡρμήνευσε καὶ ὁ Σύμμαχος ὁμοίως καὶ ὁ Θεοδοτίων ἰσχυρός, δυνάστης φύλαξ, ἐν οἷς ὡς εἰκὸς ἐπὶ παιδίου γεννωμένου τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐντάξαι ὄνομα. ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἁμάρτοιμεν θεὸν δυνατὸν ἑρμηνεύσαντες, ἐπειδὴ τὸ ἢλ ἐπιδέδεικται ἡμῖν μεταβαλλόμενον εἰς τὸ «ὁ θεός». οὕτως δὲ καλεῖν αὐτὸν θαρροῦμεν. καὶ τὸ ἢλ γιββὼρ ἰσχυρὸς δυνατὸς ἡρμήνευσεν ἡ Ἑβραίων γλῶττα καὶ ὁ Ἐμμανουὴλ καὶ τὸ ἢλ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ προσηγορίᾳ συμπεριλαμβάνων προσθήκην εἴληφεν τῇ μεθ' ἡμῶν ὁ θεός. αἱ δὲ τοιαῦται προσηγορίαι τοῦ δηλωθέντος παιδὸς τὴν