John Chrysostom, On Matthew

of such a sight and become a slave of the woman who fornicated? But if you are grieved hearing these things, I am very grateful to you. For who is it that makes me glad, but the one who is made sorry by me? Do not ever cease groaning over these things and being stung; for the pain from such things will be for you a prelude to a change for the better. For this reason I also made my discourse more vehement, so that by making a deeper incision, I might deliver you from the rottenness of those who intoxicate you; so that I might lead you back to pure health of soul; which may we all enjoy through all things, and attain the prizes set for these right achievements, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and power for ever and ever. Amen.

57.73 HOMILY VII. And having gathered all the chief priests and scribes

of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born. And they said to him, "In Bethlehem of Judea."

1. Do you see how everything turned out for the refutation of the Jews? For as long as they did not

behold him, nor were they caught by envy, they declared the testimonies with truth; but when they saw the glory that came from his miracles, being possessed by envy, they then betrayed the truth. But the truth was exalted through all things, and was established all the more by its enemies. See, then, here also how wonderful and paradoxical matters are ordered. For at the same time they both learn something more from one another, and they teach one another, both the barbarians and the Jews. For the Jews heard from the Magi that a star also had proclaimed him in the land of the Persians; and the Magi learned from the Jews that this one, whom the star proclaimed, prophets also had declared from of old many ages before; and the subject of the question became for both a proof of a clearer and more accurate teaching; and the enemies of the truth are compelled, even unwillingly, to read the writings for the truth, and to interpret the prophecy, even if not all of it. For having mentioned Bethlehem, and that out of it shall come he who will shepherd Israel, they no longer added what followed, flattering the king. And what was this? That "His goings forth are from the beginning, from the days of eternity." And for what reason, he says, if he was to come from there, did he live in Nazareth after the birth, and obscure the prophecy? And yet he did not obscure it, but rather revealed it more. For the fact that, while his mother lived there always, he was born here, shows that the matter happened by a divine plan. For this very reason, he did not depart from there immediately after being born, but he remained forty days, giving to those who wished to inquire an opportunity to examine everything with accuracy. For there were many things that prompted such an inquiry, if indeed they were willing to pay attention. For when the Magi came, the whole city was stirred, and with the city the king, and the prophet was brought into their midst, and a very great tribunal was assembled, and many other things happened there, all of which Luke narrates with accuracy; such as the things concerning Anna, and Simeon, and Zacharias, and the angels, and the shepherds, all of which were sufficient to provide attentive people with grounds for discovering what had happened. For if the Magi, coming from Persia, did not fail to know the place, much more could those dwelling there have learned these things. He therefore showed himself from the beginning through many wonders; but since they did not want to see, having hidden him 57.74 self for the intervening time, he again revealed himself from another, more brilliant beginning. For it was no longer the Magi, nor the star, but the Father from above who proclaimed him at the streams of the Jordan; and the Spirit

τοιαύτης ὄψεως καὶ δοῦλον γεγενημένον τῆς πορνευθείσης γυναικός; Εἰ δὲ ἀλγεῖτε ταῦτα ἀκούοντες, χάριν ὑμῖν ἔχω πολλήν· Τίς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ εὐφραίνων με, εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ; Μὴ δὴ παύσησθέ ποτε στένοντες ἐπὶ τούτοις καὶ δακνόμενοι· καὶ γὰρ προοίμιον ὑμῖν ἔσται τῆς ἐπὶ τὰ κρείττω μεταβολῆς ἡ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ὀδύνη. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο κἀγὼ σφοδρότερον τὸν λόγον ἐποιησάμην, ἵνα βαθυτέραν δοὺς τὴν τομὴν, ἀπαλλάξω τῆς σηπεδόνος τῶν μεθυσκόντων ὑμᾶς· ἵνα πρὸς καθαρὰν ἐπαναγάγω ψυχῆς ὑγείαν· ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἀπολαύοντας διὰ πάντων, καὶ τῶν κειμένων ἐπάθλων τοῖς κατορθώμασι τούτοις ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

57.73 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ζʹ. Καὶ συναγαγὼν πάντας τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμ

ματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ, ἐπυνθάνετο παρ' αὐτῶν, ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται. Οἱ δὲ εἶπον αὐτῷ· Ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας.

αʹ. Εἶδες ἅπαντα εἰς ἔλεγχον γινόμενα Ἰουδαϊκόν; Ἕως μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν οὐκ

ἐθεώρουν, οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τῆς βασκανίας ἡλίσκοντο, μετὰ ἀληθείας τὰς μαρτυρίας διηγόρευον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶδον τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν θαυμάτων ἐγγινομένην δόξαν, ὑπὸ τοῦ φθόνου κατασχεθέντες λοιπὸν προὔδωκαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν. Ἀλλ' ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ πάντων ᾔρετο, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν μειζόνως συνεκροτεῖτο. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ ἐνταῦθα πῶς θαυμαστὰ καὶ παράδοξα οἰκονομεῖται πράγματα. Ὁμοῦ τε γὰρ καὶ μανθάνουσί τι πλέον παρ' ἀλλήλων, καὶ διδάσκουσιν ἀλλήλους, οἵ τε βάρβαροι καὶ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ Ἰουδαῖοι παρὰ τῶν μάγων ἤκουον, ὅτι καὶ ἀστὴρ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς Περσῶν ἐκήρυξε χώρας· οἱ δὲ μάγοι παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐμάνθανον, ὅτι τοῦτον, ὃν ὁ ἀστὴρ ἐκήρυξε, καὶ προφῆται πρὸ πολλῶν ἄνωθεν διηγόρευον χρόνων· καὶ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως ἡ ὑπόθεσις διδασκαλίας σαφεστέρας τε καὶ ἀκριβεστέρας ἑκατέροις ἀπόδειξις γέγονε· καὶ οἱ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐχθροὶ τὰ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ ἄκοντες ἀναγκάζονται ἀναγινώσκειν γράμματα, καὶ τὴν προφητείαν ἑρμηνεύειν, εἰ καὶ μὴ πᾶσαν. Εἰπόντες γὰρ τὴν Βηθλεὲμ, καὶ ὅτι ἐξ αὐτῆς ἐξελεύσεται ὁ ποιμαίνων τὸν Ἰσραὴλ, λοιπὸν οὐκέτι προσέθηκαν τὸ ἑξῆς, κολακεύοντες τὸν βασιλέα. Τί δὲ τοῦτο ἦν; Ὅτι Αἱ ἔξοδοι αὐτοῦ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς ἐξ ἡμερῶν αἰῶνος. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, εἰ ἐκεῖθεν ἔμελλε παραγίνεσθαι, ἐν Ναζαρὲτ μετὰ τὸν τόκον διῆγε, καὶ συνεσκίαζε τὴν προφητείαν; Καὶ μὴν οὐ συνεσκίασεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μᾶλλον ἐξεκάλυψε. Τὸ γὰρ, ἐκεῖ τῆς μητρὸς οἰκούσης διαπαντὸς, ἐνταῦθα γεννηθῆναι δείκνυσιν ἐξ οἰκονομίας τὸ πρᾶγμα γινόμενον. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο οὐδὲ εὐθέως τεχθεὶς ἐξῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν, ἀλλ' ἐποίησεν ἡμέρας τεσσαράκοντα, τοῖς βουλομένοις περιεργάζεσθαι διδοὺς μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξετάζειν ἅπαντα. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ ἦν τὰ κινοῦντα πρὸς τὴν τοιαύτην ζήτησιν, εἴ γε προσέχειν ἐβούλοντο. Καὶ γὰρ ἐλθόντων τῶν μάγων, ἀνεπτερώθη πᾶσα ἡ πόλις, καὶ μετὰ τῆς πόλεως ὁ βασιλεὺς, καὶ ὁ προφήτης εἰς μέσον παρήγετο, καὶ δικαστήριον μέγιστον συνεκροτεῖτο, καὶ ἕτερα δὲ πλείονα γέγονεν αὐτόθι, ἅπερ ὁ Λουκᾶς μετὰ ἀκριβείας διηγεῖται ἅπαντα· οἷον τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἄνναν, καὶ τὸν Συμεὼν, καὶ τὸν Ζαχαρίαν, καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους, καὶ τοὺς ποιμένας, ἅπερ ἅπαντα τοῖς προσέχουσιν ἱκανὰ ἦν παρασχεῖν ἀφορμὰς τὸ γεγενημένον εὑρεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ ἀπὸ Περσίδος ἐλθόντες οἱ μάγοι οὐκ ἠγνόησαν τὸν τόπον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ ἐκεῖ διατρίβοντες ταῦτα μαθεῖν ἠδύναντο. Ἔδειξε μὲν οὖν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἑαυτὸν διὰ πολλῶν θαυμάτων· ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν ἰδεῖν, κρύψας τὸν με 57.74 ταξὺ χρόνον ἑαυτὸν, πάλιν ἐξ ἑτέρας ἀπεκάλυψε λαμπροτέρας ἀρχῆς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ μάγοι λοιπὸν, οὐδὲ ὁ ἀστὴρ, ἀλλ' ὁ Πατὴρ ἄνωθεν ἐκήρυττεν ἐπὶ τῶν Ἰορδανείων ῥείθρων· καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα