9Three9: The one with a circumflex through the diphthong ει; and it ought to have been written with an ι, since the genitive plural is τριῶν, and the dative is τρισὶν; and those having an ι in the penult in the genitive and dative plural also have an ι in the penult in the nominative plural; for example, πόλις, πολίων, πόλιες; ὄφις, ὀφίων, ὄφιες; if 267 therefore it is τριῶν and τρισὶν, it is clear that it should also be τρίες with an ι; and then by crasis of ι and ε into a long ι, it is clear that it would be τρῖς with an ι; just as πόλιες becomes πόλις; μάντιες becomes μάντις; but the Grammarian says that so it would not coincide with the adverb τρὶς, for this reason it was not written with an ι, but with the diphthong ει; to whom one can say, that first, there are many coincidences; for behold, οὐκερῶ has three coincidences; for it means "I do not say," and "I do not shear," and "I do not love"; what then is strange for this also to be written with an ι and coincide with the adverb? and otherwise, that the Aeolians write it with an η, as τρῆς; having the custom of changing the diphthong ει to η; it is possible then to state such a reason for which τρεῖς is written with the diphthong ει; every number among the elements wants to have an element from among the first ten; the number εἷς has ε, which is from among the first ten; again, δύο has δ, which is from among the first ten; again, the number τέταρτος has ε and α, which are from among the first ten; but ὀκτὼ seems to be an exception, for it does not have an element from among the first ten; but it is possible to say that it has elements from among the first ten in potentiality; for the philosophers say that it is from ἄγω δύο; and ἄγω δύο has elements from among the first ten; I mean α and γ, and δ; for ὀκτὼ is so called from ἄγειν, for it leads two tetrads; this being the case, the number τρεῖς, since if it were written with only an ι, it was not going to have an element from among the first ten; [for example, τρις] for this reason it took on the ε, and was written with the diphthong ει; but in composition, since they have other elements from among the first ten; for example, τρισκαίδεκα, for it has α, and δ, and ε; for this reason it also casts off the ε that was added, because of the element found from among the first ten; It should be known that in composition the number τρεῖς casts off the diphthong, and is written with an ι; for example, τρισκαιδέκατος with a σ; but the adverb casts off the σ in composition; for example, τρίμινον; τρίπηχυς; τρίπους; except for τρίσφυλος; and otherwise: why is the number τρεῖς 268 written with an ι in composition? Because σκ in a syllable never has the diphthong ει preceding it, apart from one word and that one disputed; for example, Ἡρακλεΐσκος, Ἡρακλεῖσκος; and these are examples: βασιλίσκος; μειρακίσκος; indeed there is εἴδω, εἴσω, with the diphthong ει; and when κ is added, the ι is separated, and it becomes ἐΐσκω, because the diphthong ει cannot precede when σκ is in a syllable; but when there is a contraction, it casts off the ε, and becomes ἴσκω with an ι; if therefore τρισκαιδέκατος has κ in a syllable, it cannot be written with the diphthong ει. 9Thrice9: The adverb is with an ι. 9Wretched9: With the diphthong ει; for it either comes from τήλοθεν πεπηρακέναι (having sold from afar) and becomes ταλαπέριος, and by pleonasm of the ι becomes ταλαπείριος; or from τλῆναι (to endure) and τὴν πεῖραν (trial) it becomes ταλαπείριος; as it were, one who has endured much trial, that is, much-experienced; and πεῖρα is written with the diphthong ει, as has been shown. 9Perfect9: the diphthong ει; first, because it is also said without the ι; for example, τέλεος, and the adverb τελέως; second, because words derived from neuters in ος, whose penult is not α, and which are formed through ειος are written with the diphthong ει; ὄνειδος, ὀνείδειος; ἕρκος, ἕρκειος; ἦθος, ἤθειος; so also τέλος, τέλειος; except for τέμενος, τεμένιος. 9I stretch9: Diphthong; for the future is τενῶ. 9Humble9: With the diphthong ει; for from ἔδαφος comes ἐδαφεινὸς with the diphthong ει, and by aphaeresis of the α, δαφεινὸς, and by change of δ to τ and of φ to π, ταπεινός; or from πέδον comes πεδεινὸς, and by change of π to τ, and of ε to α it becomes ταπεινός; or
9Τρεῖσ9: Τὸ περισπώμενον διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· καὶ ὤφει λεν διὰ τοῦ ι γράφεσθαι, ἐπειδὴ τριῶν ἐστὶν ἡ γενικὴ τῶν πλη θυντικῶν, καὶ τρισὶν ἡ δοτική· τὰ δὲ ἔχοντα κατὰ τὴν γενικὴν καὶ δοτικὴν τῶν πληθυντικῶν ἐν τῇ παραληγούσῃ τὸ ι, καὶ ἐν τῇ εὐθείᾳ τῶν πληθυντικῶν ἔχουσι τὸ ι κατὰ τὴν παραλή γουσαν· οἷον, πόλις, πολίων, πόλιες· ὄφις, ὀφίων, ὄφιες· εἰ 267 οὖν τριῶν καὶ τρισὶν, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τρίες διὰ τοῦ ι· καὶ λοιπὸν κατὰ κρᾶσιν τοῦ ι καὶ ε εἰς ι δῆλον ὅτι μακρὸν τρῖς διὰ τοῦ ι· ὥσπερ πόλιες, πόλις· μάντιες, μάντις· ἀλλὰ λέγει ὁ Τεχνι κὸς ὅτι ἵνα μὴ συνεμπέσει τὸ τρὶς ἐπιῤῥήματι, τούτου χάριν οὐκ ἐγράφει διὰ τοῦ ι, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· πρὸς ὅν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν πολλαί εἰσι συνεμπτώσεις· ἰδοὺ γὰρ τὸ οὐκερῶ τρεῖς ἔχει συνεμπτώσεις· σημαίνει γὰρ τὸ οὐ λέγω, καὶ τὸ οὐ κείρω, καὶ τὸ οὐ φιλῶ· τί οὖν ἄτοπον καὶ τοῦτο γενέσθαι διὰ τοῦ ι καὶ συνεμπεσεῖν τῷ ἐπιῤῥήματι; καὶ ἄλλως, ὅτι οἱ Αἰολεῖς διὰ τοῦ η γράφουσιν αὐτὸ τρῆς· ἔθος ἔχοντες τὴν ει δίφθογγον εἰς η τρέπειν· ἔστιν οὖν εἰπεῖν αἰ τίαν τοιαύτην δι' ἣν τὸ τρεῖς διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου γράφεται· πᾶς ἀριθμὸς ἐντὸς τῶν στοιχείων θέλει ἔχειν στοιχεῖον ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος· ὁ εἷς ἀριθμὸς ἔχει τὸ ε, ὅπερ ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος ἐστίν· πάλιν ὁ δύο ἔχει τὸ δ, ὅπερ ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος ἐστίν· πάλιν ὁ τέταρτος ἀριθμὸς ἔχει τὸ ε καὶ τὸ α, ἅτινα ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς εἰσὶ τῆς δεκάδος· τὸ δὲ ὀκτὼ δοκεῖ ἀν τικεῖσθαι, τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ ἔχει στοιχεῖον ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δε κάδος· ἀλλ' ἔστιν εἰπεῖν ὅτι δυνάμει ἔχει στοιχεῖα ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος· λέγουσι γὰρ οἱ φιλόσοφοι ὅτι παρὰ τὸ ἄγω δύο ἐστίν· τὸ δὲ ἄγω δύο ἔχει στοιχεῖα ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δε κάδος· λέγω δὴ τὸ α καὶ τὸ γ, καὶ τὸ δ· ὀκτὼ γὰρ λέγεται παρὰ τὸ ἄγειν, δύο γὰρ τετράδας ἄγει· τούτων οὕτως ἐχόντων ὁ τρεῖς ἀριθμὸς, ἐπειδὴ εἰ ἐγένετο διὰ τοῦ ι μόνου, οὐκ ἔμελλεν στοιχεῖον ἔχειν ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος· [οἷον, τρις] τούτου χάριν προσέλαβεν τὸ ε, καὶ ἐγένετο διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· ἐν δὲ τῇ συνθέσει, ἐπειδὴ ἔχουσιν ἄλλα στοιχεῖα ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος· οἷον, τρισκαίδεκα, ἔχει γὰρ τὸ α, καὶ τὸ δ, καὶ τὸ ε· τούτου χάριν ἀποβάλλει καὶ τὸ ε τὸ προσελθὼν διὰ τοῦ εὑρεθέντος στοιχείου ἐκ τῶν ἐντὸς τῆς δεκάδος· ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι ἐν τῇ συνθέσει ὁ τρεῖς ἀριθμὸς ἀποβάλλει τὴν δίφθογγον, καὶ διὰ τοῦ ι γράφεται· οἷον, τρισκαιδέκατος μετὰ τοῦ σ· τὸ δὲ ἐπίῤῥημα ἀποβάλλει ἐν τῇ συνθέσει τὸ σ· οἷον, τρίμινον· τρί πηχυς· τρίπους· πλὴν τοῦ τρίσφυλος· καὶ ἄλλως· ὁ τρεῖς 268 ἀριθμὸς διατί ἐν τῇ συνθέσει διὰ τοῦ ι γράφεται; ἐπειδὴ οὐ δέποτε τὸ σκ ἐν συλλήψει ὄντα ἔχουσι τὴν ει δίφθογγον προη γουμένην, χωρὶς μιᾶς λέξεως καὶ ταύτης ἀμφιβαλλομένης· οἷον, Ἡρακλεΐσκος, Ἡρακλεῖσκος· παραδείγματα δὲ ταῦτα· βασιλίσκος· μειρακίσκος· ἀμέλει ἔστιν εἴδω, εἴσω, διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· καὶ ἡνίκα προσελθὼν τὸ κ, διΐσταται τὸ ι, καὶ γίνε ται ἐΐσκω, διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι τὴν ει δίφθογγον προηγεῖσθαι ἡνίκα ἐστὶν τὸ σκ ἐν συλλήψει· ἡνίκα δὲ γίνεται σύλληψις, ἀποβάλλει τὸ ε, καὶ γίνεται ἴσκω διὰ τοῦ ι· εἰ οὖν τὸ τρισκαι δέκατος κ ἔχει ἐν συλλήψει, οὐ δύναται γράφεσθαι διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου. 9Τρίσ9: Τὸ ἐπίῤῥημα διὰ τοῦ ι. 9Ταλαπείριοσ9: ∆ιὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· ἢ γὰρ παρὰ τὸ τήλοθεν πεπηρακέναι γέγονεν ταλαπέριος, καὶ κατὰ πλεονασμὸν τοῦ ι ταλαπείριος· ἢ παρὰ τὸ τλῆναι καὶ τὴν πεῖραν γέγονεν ταλαπείριος· οἱονεὶ, ὁ πολλὴν πεῖραν ὑπομείνας, τουτέστιν πολύπειρος· τὸ δὲ πεῖρα διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου γράφεται, ὡς δέδεικται. 9Τέλειοσ9: ει δίφθογγος· πρῶτον μὲν ὅτι λέγεται καὶ χωρὶς τοῦ ι· οἷον, τέλεος, καὶ τελέως τὸ ἐπίῤῥημα· δεύτερον ὅτι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰς ος οὐδετέρων μὴ παραληγόμενα τὸ α διὰ τοῦ ειος γινόμενα διὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου γράφεται· ὄνειδος, ὀνείδειος· ἕρκος, ἕρκειος· ἦθος, ἤθειος· οὕτως καὶ τέλος, τέλειος· πλὴν τοῦ τέμενος, τεμένιος. 9Τείνω9: ∆ίφθογγος· τενῶ γὰρ ὁ μέλλων. 9Ταπεινόσ9: ∆ιὰ τῆς ει διφθόγγου· παρὰ γὰρ τὸ ἔδαφος γίνεται ἐδαφεινὸς διὰ τῆ ει διφθόγγου, καὶ κατὰ ἄφεσιν τοῦ α δαφεινὸς, καὶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ δ εἰς τ καὶ τοῦ φ εἰς π τα πεινός· ἢ παρὰ τὸ πέδον γίνεται πεδεινὸς, καὶ κατὰ τροπὴν τοῦ π εἰς τ, καὶ τοῦ ε εἰς α γίνεται ταπεινός· ἢ