HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake of killing. What benefit to me is the one who, according to Euripides, is mad and recounts the matricide of Alcmaeon, who does not even have his own form, but gapes wide and carries a sword and, shouting, is inflamed and wears an inhuman costume? Away with the fables of Hegesias and Menander the verse-maker of his tongue. Why should I admire the Pythian flute-player? And why should I meddle with Antigenes the Theban, according to Aristoxenus? We yield to you the things that are not useful; and you either be persuaded by your own doctrines or, in like manner, concede what is yours to us. What great and wonderful thing do the philosophers among you accomplish? For they are careless of one of their shoulders, and letting their hair grow long they grow beards, having nails like wild beasts, and while they say they need nothing, yet, like Proteus, they need a tanner for their wallet, a weaver for their cloak, a woodcutter for their staff, and on account of their gluttony, the rich and a cook. O man who imitates the dog, you do not know God and have turned to the imitation of irrational animals; and you who shout in public with plausibility become your own avenger, and if you do not receive, you revile, and philosophy becomes for you a trade for getting money. You follow the doctrines of Plato, and the one who sophistically argues according to Epicurus vehemently opposes you; and again you wish to be in accordance with Aristotle, and someone according to Democritus reviles you. Pythagoras says he has been Euphorbus and is the heir of the doctrine of Pherecydes; but Aristotle denies the immortality of the soul. And having seditious successions of doctrines, you disagree and fight against your own sympathizers. Someone says that the perfect God is a body, but I say he is incorporeal; that the world is indissoluble, but I say it is dissoluble; that a conflagration happens at intervals, but I say it happens once for all; that the judges are Minos and Rhadamanthus, but I say it is God himself; that only the soul is made immortal, but I say also the flesh with it. How do we harm you, O men of Greece? Why have you hated those who follow the word of God as if they were most defiled? Among us there is no cannibalism; you who are educated have become false witnesses; but among you Pelops becomes a dinner for the gods, even if he is the beloved of Poseidon, and Cronus devours his sons, and Zeus swallows Metis. Cease triumphing in the sayings of others and adorning yourselves, like the jackdaw, with feathers not your own. If each city should take away its own dialect from you, your sophistries will be powerless. Seeking who God is, you are ignorant of what is within you; and gaping at the sky you fall into pits. The ... of your books are like labyrinths

παρεχόμενοι, τρέφοντες αὐτὴν αἱματεκχυσίαις ἀθεωτάταις. ὁ μὲν οὖν λῃστεύων φονεύει χάριν τοῦ λαβεῖν, ὁ δὲ πλουτῶν μονομάχους ὠνεῖται χάριν τοῦ φονεῦσαι. Τί μοι συμβάλλεται πρὸς ὠφέλειαν ὁ κατὰ τὸν Eὐ ριπίδην μαινόμενος καὶ τὴν Ἀλκμαίωνος μητροκτονίαν ἀπαγ γέλλων, ᾧ μηδὲ τὸ οἰκεῖον πρόσεστι σχῆμα, κέχηνεν δὲ μέγα καὶ ξίφος περιφέρει καὶ κεκραγὼς πίμπραται καὶ φορεῖ στολὴν ἀπάνθρωπον; ἐρρέτω καὶ τὰ Ἡγησίου μυθολογήματα καὶ Μέ νανδρος τῆς ἐκείνου γλώττης ὁ στιχοποιός. τί μοι καὶ τεθη πέναι τὸν Πυθικὸν αὐλητήν; τί δέ μοι καὶ κατὰ Ἀριστόξενον τὸν Θηβαῖον Ἀντιγενίδην πολυπραγμονεῖν; παραχωροῦμεν ὑμῖν τὰ μὴ ὠφέλιμα· καὶ ὑμεῖς ἢ πείσθητε τοῖς δόγμασιν ὑμῶν ἢ κατὰ τὸ ὅμοιον τῶν ὑμετέρων ἡμῖν ἐκχωρήσατε. Τί μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν οἱ παρ' ὑμῖν ἐργάζονται φιλόσοφοι; θατέρου γὰρ τῶν ὤμων ἐξαμελοῦσι κόμην τε ἐπιειμένοι πολλὴν πωγωνοτροφοῦσιν ὄνυχας θηρίων περιφέ ροντες καὶ λέγοντες μὲν δεῖσθαι μηδενός, κατὰ δὲ τὸν Πρωτέα σκυτοδέψου μὲν χρῄζοντες διὰ τὴν πήραν, ὑφάντου δὲ διὰ τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ διὰ τὸ ξύλον δρυοτόμου, διὰ δὲ τὴν γαστριμαργίαν τῶν πλουτούντων καὶ ὀψοποιοῦ. ὁ ζηλῶν ἄνθρωπε τὸν κύνα, τὸν θεὸν οὐκ οἶδας καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλόγων μίμησιν μεταβέβηκας· ὁ δὲ κεκραγὼς δημοσίᾳ μετ' ἀξιοπιστίας ἔκδικος γίνῃ σαυτοῦ, κἂν μὴ λάβῃς, λοιδορεῖς, καὶ γίνεταί σοι τέχνη τοῦ πορίζειν τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν. τοῖς Πλάτωνος ἕπῃ δόγμασι, καὶ ὁ κατ' Ἐπίκουρον σοφιστεύων διαπρύσιος ἀνθίσταταί σοι· πάλιν τε εἶναι θέλεις κατὰ τὸν Ἀριστοτέλην, καί τις κατὰ τὸν ∆ημόκριτον λοιδο ρεῖταί σοι. Πυθαγόρας Eὔφορβος γεγονέναι φησὶ καὶ τοῦ Φερεκύδους δόγματος κληρονόμος ἐστίν· ὁ δὲ Ἀριστοτέλης τῆς ψυχῆς διαβάλλει τὴν ἀθανασίαν. στασιώδεις δὲ ἔχοντες τῶν δογμάτων τὰς διαδοχὰς ἀσύμφωνοι πρὸς τοὺς συμφώνους ἑαυτοῖς διαμάχεσθε. σῶμά τις εἶναι λέγει τὸν τέλειον θεόν, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀσώματον· ἄλυτον εἶναι τὸν κόσμον, ἐγὼ δὲ λυόμενον· ἐκπύρωσιν ἀποβαίνειν κατὰ καιρούς, ἐγὼ δὲ εἰσάπαξ· κριτὰς εἶναι Μίνω καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν, ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτὸν τὸν θεόν· ἀπαθα νατίζεσθαι μόνην τὴν ψυχήν, ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τὸ σὺν αὐτῇ σαρκίον. Τί βλάπτομεν ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες; τί δὲ τοὺς λόγῳ θεοῦ κατακολουθοῦντας καθάπερ μιαρωτάτους μεμισήκατε; παρ' ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρωποφαγία· ψευδομάρτυρες οἱ πεπαιδευμένοι γεγόνατε· παρ' ὑμῖν δὲ Πέλοψ δεῖπνον τῶν θεῶν γίνεται κἂν Ποσειδῶνος ἐρώμενος, καὶ Κρόνος τοὺς υἱοὺς ἀναλίσκει, καὶ ὁ Ζεὺς τὴν Μῆτιν καταπίνει. Παύσασθε λόγους ἀλλοτρίους θριαμβεύοντες καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ κολοιὸς οὐκ ἰδίοις ἐπικοσμούμενοι πτεροῖς. ἑκάστη πόλις ἐὰν ἀφέληται τὴν ἰδίαν αὐτῆς ἀφ' ὑμῶν λέξιν, ἐξαδυνα τήσουσιν ὑμῖν τὰ σοφίσματα. ζητοῦντες τίς ὁ θεός, τίνα τὰ ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀγνοεῖτε· κεχηνότες δὲ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν κατὰ βαρά θρων πίπτετε. λαβυρίνθοις ἐοίκασιν ὑμῶν τῶν βιβλίων αἱ