HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death, do you announce to flee it by craft? For my part, I do not have the heart of a deer; but the practices of your speeches are like the unbridled Thersites. How shall I be persuaded by one who says the sun is a mass of red-hot iron and the moon is earth? For such things are contests of words and not the ordering of truth. Or how is it not foolish to trust the books of Herodotus concerning the story of Heracles, which proclaim that an earth has come from above and from it the lion which was slain by Heracles? And what would Attic diction profit, and a heap of philosophers, and plausibilities of syllogisms, and measures of the earth, and positions of the stars, and courses of the sun? For to be occupied with such an inquiry is the work of one who legislates his own doctrines for himself. For this reason I also condemned the legislation among you. For there ought to be one and a common polity for all; but now there are as many kinds of cities as there are establishments of laws, so that things which are shameful among some are virtuous among others. For example, the Greeks consider it a thing to be shunned to have intercourse with a mother, but such a practice is most excellent among the Persian Magi; and pederasty is prosecuted by barbarians, but has been deemed worthy of privilege by the Romans, who try to collect herds of boys like grazing horses. Therefore, having seen these things, and having also partaken of mysteries, and having tested the religions among all peoples, which are established by effeminate and androgynous persons, and having found among the Romans their Latiarian Jupiter delighting in the gore of men and the blood from homicides, and Artemis not far from the great city having chosen the same kind of deeds, and another demon elsewhere bringing about uprisings of evil-doing, having come to myself, I was seeking in what way I might be able to find the truth. And while I was considering these important matters, it happened that I came upon certain barbaric writings, older than the doctrines of the Greeks, and more divine than their error; and it happened that I was persuaded by them because of the unpretentiousness of the words, and the artlessness of the speakers, and the easy comprehension of the creation of the universe, and the foreknowledge of future events, and the extraordinariness of the precepts, and the monarchical principle of the whole. And when my soul became taught of God, I understood that some things are a form of condemnation, but others loose the bondage in the world and draw us away from many rulers and countless tyrants, and gives us not what we did not receive, but what we received but were prevented from having by error. Having therefore grasped these things, I wish to put off *** like newborn infants. For we know the constitution of wickedness to be like that of the smallest seeds, inasmuch as it is strengthened by a small occasion,

ληψιν ἣν ἔχω περὶ τῶν ὅλων, ταύτην οὐκ ἀποκρύπτομαι. τί μοι συμβουλεύεις ψεύσασθαι τὴν πολιτείαν; τί δὲ λέγων θα νάτου καταφρονεῖν, διὰ τέχνης φεύγειν αὐτὸν καταγγέλλεις; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔχω καρδίαν ἐλάφου· τὰ δὲ τῶν ὑμετέρων λόγων ἐπιτηδεύματα κατὰ τὸν ἀμετροεπῆ Θερσίτην γίνεται. πῶς πεισθή σομαι τῷ λέγοντι μύδρον τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην γῆν; τὰ γὰρ τοιαῦτα λόγων ἐστὶν ἅμιλλα καὶ οὐκ ἀληθείας διακόσμησις. ἢ πῶς οὐκ ἠλίθιον πιθέσθαι τοῖς Ἡροδώρου βιβλίοις περὶ τοῦ καθ' Ἡρακλέα λόγου, γῆν ἄνω κηρύττουσιν κατεληλυθέναι τε ἀπ' αὐτῆς λέοντα τὸν ὑφ' Ἡρακλέους φονευθέντα; τί δ' ἂν ὠφελήσειε λέξις Ἀττικὴ καὶ φιλοσόφων σωρεία καὶ συλλογισμῶν πιθανότητες καὶ μέτρα γῆς καὶ ἄστρων θέσεις καὶ ἡλίου δρόμοι; τὸ γὰρ περὶ τοιαύτην ἀσχολεῖσθαι ζήτησιν νομοθετοῦντός ἐστιν ἔργον ἑαυτῷ τὰ δόγματα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τῆς παρ' ὑμῖν κατέγνων νομοθεσίας. μίαν μὲν γὰρ ἐχρῆν εἶναι καὶ κοινὴν ἁπάντων τὴν πολιτείαν· νυνὶ δὲ ὅσα γένη πόλεων, τοσαῦται καὶ τῶν νόμων θέσεις ὡς εἶναι τὰ παρ' ἐνίοις αἰσχρὰ παρά τισι σπουδαῖα. νομίζουσιν γοῦν Ἕλληνες φευκτὸν εἶναι τὸ συγγενέσθαι μητρί, κάλλιστον δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν ἐπιτήδευμα παρὰ τοῖς Περσῶν μάγοις· καὶ παι δεραστία μὲν ὑπὸ βαρβάρων διώκεται, προνομίας δὲ ὑπὸ Ῥω μαίων ἠξίωται, παίδων ἀγέλας ὥσπερ ἵππων φορβάδων συνα γείρειν αὐτῶν πειρωμένων. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἰδών, ἔτι δὲ καὶ μυστηρίων μεταλαβὼν καὶ τὰς παρὰ πᾶσι θρησκείας δοκιμάσας διὰ θηλυδριῶν καὶ ἀνδρογύνων συνισταμένας, εὑρὼν δὲ παρὰ μὲν Ῥωμαίοις τὸν κατ' αὐτοὺς Λατιάριον ∆ία λύθροις ἀνθρώπων καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνδροκτασιῶν αἵμασι τερπόμενον, Ἄρτεμιν δὲ οὐ μακρὰν τῆς μεγάλης πόλεως τῶν αὐτῶν πράξεων ἐπανῃρημένην τὸ εἶδος ἄλλον τε ἀλλαχῆ δαίμονα κακοπραγίας ἐπαναστάσεις πραγμα τευόμενον, κατ' ἐμαυτὸν γενόμενος ἐζήτουν ὅτῳ τρόπῳ τἀληθὲς ἐξευρεῖν δύνωμαι. περινοοῦντι δέ μοι τὰ σπουδαῖα συνέβη γραφαῖς τισιν ἐντυχεῖν βαρβαρικαῖς, πρεσβυτέραις μὲν ὡς πρὸς τὰ Ἑλλήνων δόγματα, θειοτέραις δὲ ὡς πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνων πλά νην· καί μοι πεισθῆναι ταύταις συνέβη διά τε τῶν λέξεων τὸ ἄτυφον καὶ τῶν εἰπόντων τὸ ἀνεπιτήδευτον καὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς ποιήσεως τὸ εὐκατάληπτον καὶ τῶν μελλόντων τὸ προγνωστικὸν καὶ τῶν παραγγελμάτων τὸ ἐξαίσιον καὶ τῶν ὅλων τὸ μοναρ χικόν. θεοδιδάκτου δέ μου γενομένης τῆς ψυχῆς συνῆκα ὅτι τὰ μὲν καταδίκης ἔχει τρόπον, τὰ δὲ ὅτι λύει τὴν ἐν κόσμῳ δουλείαν καὶ ἀρχόντων μὲν πολλῶν καὶ μυρίων ἡμᾶς ἀποσπᾷ τυράννων, δίδωσι δὲ ἡμῖν οὐχ ὅπερ μὴ ἐλάβομεν, ἀλλ' ὅπερ λαβόντες ὑπὸ τῆς πλάνης ἔχειν ἐκωλύθημεν. Τούτων οὖν τὴν κατάληψιν πεποιημένος βού λομαι καθάπερ τὰ νήπια τῶν βρεφῶν *** ἀποδύσασθαι. τὴν γὰρ τῆς πονηρίας σύστασιν ἐοικυῖαν τῇ τῶν βραχυτάτων σπερ μάτων ἴσμεν ἅτε διὰ μικρᾶς ἀφορμῆς τούτου κρατυνθέντος,