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Apollonius. The passion of anger, if not addressed or treated, becomes a natural disease.

Plutarch. Fits of anger, like dogs, give birth to blind accusations. Harsh horses by their bridles; but sharp tempers are changed by

reasonings. Temperate water soothes inflammations; but a gentle word, impulses

dissolves. For just as evil draws clouds, a wicked life also draws reproaches upon itself. Aristotle. Just as smoke, stinging the eyes, does not allow one to see what is

lying at one's feet, so anger, when it comes upon a person, darkens his reason, and does not permit the mind to foresee the absurd consequence that will result from it.

Do you not see that from all things done in anger, reason is absent, fleeing from anger as from a bitter tyrant?

Anger is a passion, bestial in its disposition, continuous in its affliction, harsh and violent in its power, a cause of murder, an ally of misfortune, a co-worker of harm and dishonor, and of loss of money; and even a leader of destruction.

841 Evenus. Often the anger of men has revealed a hidden mind, much worse than madness. Philemon. We are all mad when we are angry, For to restrain oneself in anger is a great labor. Euripides. For shame benefits mortals more than anger. And just as our body is by nature mortal, 15Ε_192 so it is fitting not to have immortal anger, for whoever knows how to be temperate. Herodotus. As anger is not always in the ears of men. For having heard good things,

he fills his body with delight; but having heard things contrary to these, he swells up.

Arrian. Some high-spirited men are gentle, acting quietly and as if without anger, doing as much as those who are carried away by extreme anger. One must therefore also guard against their sluggishness, as it is much worse than being intensely angry. For the latter quickly have their fill of vengeance; but the former extend it for a long time, like those with a subtle fever.

Apollonius Democrates. He who is excessively angry over small faults does not allow the offender to discern when he has done less wrong, and when more.

Sotion from *On Anger*. For the wise instead of anger, for Heraclitus, there came tears; for Democritus, laughter.

Just as noble ships are not those that sail in fair weather, but those that withstand a storm and are saved; so also are men who withstand anger and commotion, great and brave.

Democritus. To fight with anger is difficult; but to control it is the mark of a reasonable man. Plato. Once, being angry with his servant, when Xenocrates was present, said, "Take

this man and whip him; for I am angry."

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Ἀπολλωνίου. Τό τῆς ὀργῆς πάθος μή καθομιλούμενον μηδέ θεραπευόμενον, φυσική νόσος γίνεται.

Πλουτάρχ. Οἱ θυμοί, καθάπερ οἱ κύνες, τυφλά τίκτουσιν ἐγκλήματα. Οἱ μέν τραχεῖς ἵπποι τοῖς χαλινοῖς· οἱ δέ ὀξεῖς θυμοί, μετάγονται τοῖς

λογισμοῖς. Τό μέν εὔκρατον ὕδωρ τάς φλεγμονάς· ὁ δέ ἐπιεικής λόγος, τάς ὁρμάς

διαλύει. Ὡς γάρ ὁ κακίας τά νέφη, καί ὁ φαῦλος βίος ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτόν ἕλκει λοιδορίας. Ἀριστοτ. Ὥσπερ καπνός ἐπιδάκνων τάς ὄψεις, οὐκ ἐᾷ προβλέπειν τό

κείμενον ἐν τοῖς ποσίν, οὕτως ὁ θυμός ἐπερχόμενος, τῷ λογισμῷ ἐπισκοτεῖ, καί τό συμβησόμενον ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἄτοπον οὐκ ἀφίησι τῇ διανοίᾳ προβλέπειν.

Οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι τῶν ἐν ὀργῇ διαπραττομένων ἀπάντων ὁ λογισμός ἀποδημεῖ, φεύγων τόν θυμόν ὡς πικρόν τύραννον;

Ὁ θυμός ἐστι πάθος, θηριῶδες μέν τῇ διαθέσει, συνεχές τῇ θλίψει, σκληρόν δέ καί βίαιον τῇ δυνάμει, φόνου αἴτιον, συμφορᾶς σύμμαχον, βλάβης συνεργόν καί ἀτιμίας, καί χρημάτων ἀπώλεια· ἔτι δέ καί φθορᾶς ἀρχηγόν.

841 Εὐήνου. Πολλάκις ἀνθρώπων ὀργή νόον ἐξεκάλυψε Κρυπτόμενον, μανίας πολύ χεῖρον. Φιλήμον. Μαινόμεθα πάντες ὅταν ὀργιζόμεθα, Τό γάρ κατασχεῖν ἐπί τῆς ὀργῆς, πόνος μέγας. Εὐριπίδ. Αἰδώς γάρ ὀργῆς πλεῖον ὠφελεῖ βροτοῖς. Ὥσπερ δέ θνητόν καί τό σῶμ᾿ ἡμῶν ἔφυ, 15Ε_192 Οὕτω προσήκει μηδέ τήν ὀργήν ἔχειν Ἀθάνατον, ὅστις σωφρονεῖν ἐπίσταται. Ἡροδότ. Ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὠσί τῶν ἀνθρώπων οὐκ αἰεί ὁ θυμός. Χρηστά μέν γάρ

ἀκούσας, τέρψεως ἐμπιπλᾷ τό σῶμα· ὑπεναντία δέ τοῖς τουτέοισιν ἀκούσας, ἀνοιδαίνει.

Ἀῤῥιανοῦ. Μεγαλόθυμοι πράως εἰσι τινες, ἡσυχῆ καί οἷον ἀοργήτως πράττοντες, ὅσα καί οἱ σφόδρα τῷ θυμῷ φερόμενοι. Φυλακτέον οὖν καί τό τούτων ἀγλέπτηυμα, ὡς πολύ χεῖρον ὄν τοῦ διατεινόμενον ὀργίζεσθαι. Οὗτοι μέν γάρ ταχύ κόρον τῆς τιμωρίας λαμβάνουσιν· οἱ δέ εἰς μακρόν προτείνουσιν, ὡς οἱ λεπτῶς πυρέττοντες.

Ἀπολλώνοις ∆ημοκράτ. Ὁ ὑπέρ μικρῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἀνυπερβλήτως ὀργιζόμενος, οὐκ ἐᾷ διαγνῶναι τόν ἁμαρτάνοντα, πότε ἔλαττον, πότε μεῖζον ἠδίκησεν.

Σωτίων ἐκ τοῦ Περί ὀργῆς. Τοῖς σοφοῖς ἀντί ὀργῆς, Ἡρακλείτῳ μέν, δάκρυα· ∆ημοκρίτῳ δέ γέλως ἐπῄει.

Ὥσπερ πλοῖα γενναῖα, οὐχ ὅσα ἐν εὐδίᾳ πλεῖ, ἀλλ᾿ ὅσα πρός χειμῶνα ἀντέχει καί σώζεται· οὕτω καί ἄνθρωποι ὀργῇ καί κινήσει ἀντέχοντες, μεγάλοι καί ἀνδρεῖοι.

∆ημοκρίτ. Θυμῷ μάχεσθαι μέν χαλεπόν· ἀνδρός δέ τό κρατέειν εὐλογίστου. Πλάτων. Ὀργιζόμενός ποτε τῷ οἰκέτῃ, ἐπιστάντος Ξενοκράτους, Λαβών

τοῦτον, ἔφη, μαστίγωσον· ἐγώ γάρ ὀργίζομαι.