Oratoria minora
these things the phalanx-commander more courageous, the leader of the company stronger, the hoplite more ready for the needs of the moment, the one i
This gathering is a symbol of peace, O wise and beloved audience of mine, and, to speak with God, a most accurate stamp of coming peace. But it also h
of the barrier, may he himself also now make peace in our affairs and crush the opposing powers and find a way and a means for the desperate, he who b
through whom corruption has stolen into our souls. But neither are you free from the things of envy for upon your breast and your belly you have walk
None of you is without a share of lily-beds and rose-gardens, nor of other fragrance, what graces would one not enjoy when spring has arrived? But sin
virtues, but these they practiced and pursued, and all, having made the body lean through fasting and having released the soul from the bonds of natur
the heaven, how great, how ever-moving in its revolution, how wonderful in its nature? and the sun, how it is the source of the light here, how it is
is tested by countless signs, but Egypt is punished by darkness and you, the new Israel, have been freed from the clay and the brick-making thence al
has entrusted the rule of all. And having reviewed in his mind everyone, both soldiers and citizens, senators and governors, and all who had gained a
Rejoice and exult at my proclamation which God has shown to be splendid and most illustrious as never another. 6 {1To those who think the philosopher
so as to move the world, not to mention lead it up to heaven, but I am within the great circuit, for these reasons I have not wished to run in the sta
of actions, but you do not act in the proper way, nor do you emulate those ancient orators, Pericles, Cimon, Demosthenes and the others who have under
the pleasure of a matter drawing forth laughter, and the philosopher alone. But here it is the opposite in the case of your creation for you are the
testifying to the sweetness in a philosophical man. And Plato often rebukes Dion for the sullenness and smilelessness of his soul but is not the phil
A second matter is both adorned and set in order. This is the philosophy I too have emulated and if you examine it in one respect, you will count me
are divided into an aristocracy, to be of lesser concern, because it is necessary to adorn the inner nature, while these things superficially beautify
achievements. Aristotle also divided his entire force into cavalry and infantry. and of the infantry, he positioned the light-armed to throw stones an
to judge their customs worthy of comparison to philosophy) those things lift one up above the ether on a whole wing, but this they sink in the sea, ju
dividing and heaping up solids. But I also frequently showed you the images in mirrors and measured their sizes for you optically, having taken their
To those who envied him for the most esteemed honor Neither will an occasion for envy be left for you, nor for me a cause for honor and advancement f
ordained by God. But of the others, some excelled in these things, others in those, and no one in everything, or if anyone did, it was not as I have (
I am called for there are those who give me this name. If, then, I embark on the matter as if it were not permitted or unskillfully, show me this ver
they have imitated my manner for themselves. But look up also to the heavens at night, when all is clear, and see how not all the stars are of equal h
oversights, and the other things of which the tragic daemons are providers for all things are abundant, as if dripping from some spring of evils. The
a more grievous and troublesome evil. How very pleasing to them is the banquet hall. For as if shut up and squeezed together in some narrow place with
he was showing the strength of his words for a prize set before him, but for a matter from which it was not possible to profit from buffoonery and ins
We have known you as one who counterfeits its laws and has not understood even a trace of true wisdom. But O huckster, I have now suddenly changed my
being torn away from the laws as if from your own limbs, and clinging to other limbs whose form you did not know nor whose use you had studied? How th
and thus, having harmonized them with the rules of dialectic, you thence winged your way to theology. But you, as if having passed over the vale of th
For such a thing had happened to these men, and Herodotus indeed mentions the story right at the beginning of the first of the Muses. And if you shoul
sitting on the floor, knowing not even as much as mules. But I fear lest one of those standing by, taking hold of your cloak, might say, Friend, how
He forces the nonsense into truth. Do not, therefore, speak with the man, do not touch him, do not share a table, neither of salt nor of other things,
Taking a Megarian jar firmly in his two hands and raising it with both and fitting it to his lips, he drinks without taking a breath just like the oxe
they judge matters by their own life, but not by the rule of truth. For since these men have hated indifference, and they live like bees arranged unde
as you are writing, standing by your life. But we too shall write against our persecutors. For just as the seemliness of hair pleased you, so the unke
sitting and with his fingers harnessing and re-harnessing horses in the shadows but there, one fighting against contrary winds and quickly backing wa
Geometry, having taken its beginning from bodies, ended in the mind, though its nature is not so. For perception does not know how to beget mind, but
he has set down some introductions to the subject, then, as if out of necessity, he turned his argument to what he wanted. And he has not chosen in an
It is interwoven with its arguments and divided by its complexities and turned back upon itself. But if such styles have been assigned to perfect orat
he puts to sleep. But the others have leaped out from here and there, from the dormouse-holes and from the caves, one a palm-breadth tall, another but
changing the parts, preserves the same idea of the sound. But you must also take care for the art concerning the arrangement of the argument and do n
mysteries, and there they were taught the equality of geometry, and when they needed to philosophize, they went to Egypt, and having chosen to study a
but drawing them upon yourselves whence someone might indict you for sacrilege for having most shamelessly plagiarized things dedicated to divine men
and you are zealous but you render the account for your studies just as one of the necessary debts which some are required to pay even unwillingly. A
The birth-pangs of Plato and Aristotle are a bringing forth, by whom I am both born and fashioned. Do you see how from every side the argument has pro
you render to me. And while I seem to neglect other things, your affair is my pursuit and care whence, staying awake far into the nights, as soon as
to have the contemplation concerning these things, but from our wisdom to know the type and the truth, and to break the letter as if it were a shell,
having done no wrong thus you are elegant and sophistic, or rather powerful men and tyrants, and you dance upon a gentle character. But you are still
to the philosophers the technical matters, to learn the introductions, the proofs, the matters concerning demonstrations, how one reminds, how one pro
they might fit a diatonic melody and arrange the strings for it, do they not play a prelude for it and practice beforehand, not just once, but as many
should I enumerate poets and orators, who treated ancient genealogies with myths, from the very foundation basing their own discourse on myth? How the
quality and draws as much as its appetite desired but if it sees the liquid of the water corrupted, it leaves this spring, and goes to another and se
27 Encomium on the Flea They say ‘the gnat as an elephant.’ And so that our discourse may proceed along its path, let us attempt the flea as a leopard
its begetter for it is precisely black, like an eastern Ethiopian having changed his skin color from sun-burning, and it immediately reveals the heat
grieving. For it has appointed two masters of all things for itself, the sun for its birth, and man for its growth for from the one it has come into
lest it produce apoplexy, nature has cut the skull into various sutures but it also divided the entire bone of the suture with certain small holes, t
the awns guard, so also do the hairs of the louse ward off every attack. And even if the hunt should get close to the skin, it, just as they say spong
So indeed this creature has received its natural power in all the parts of its body. Now, the other beasts, being ambushed from behind, are by nature
from every side, equality bestows youth on nature. For men, when they grow old, and especially those who are graceful and tall in body, are filled wit
He was being plotted against by those revolting within him because of the absence of the regulator and shield-bearer of health and adversary of diseas
This is clear from the fact that it is possible to live without it and be well in the other senses, but the inactivity of these begets sickness and de
shouting like a Bacchant and acclaiming the son of Zeus and Semele. And from where did this good thing come to you, he says, O blessed one? Did you
let your communion with one another not be from habit and the opinion of the many, but let its principle be knowledge, and let the wandering and disor
souls? Far from it. But the body does not work against the spermatic logos (for this reason it is formed according to what that logos wishes), but the
working for just as the most drinkable of waters and the most temperate of airs dispose bodies well and generate a similar disposition, so also the c
But let the one who fails take pride that his brother happens to be better than he. Agesilaus happened to be the first among the Lacedaemonians even b
Let us summarize, by virtue, by reason, and by ancestral goods, using these three things for the best ends, you will be left behind in no part of eter
All things are mixed. But she fails in her plan, as the hero draws his sword against her, whence she almost breathed her last for her form is changed
by reason for see how the limbs have been fitted to nature. or rather, I shall marvel at the artist even from the stone for he did not place the var
being brought up, was he not turned away? Was not the compassionate one pricked to the heart over you? For this reason he shall be un-sacrificed and u
Nothing that exists is above Olympus. and so that I might make the last things of my discourse first, heaven is indeed adorned with stars, but these a
they have been hollowed out spontaneously, he will find how he might live luxuriously. For if he should go under the shade of a tree, immediately soft
pleasing, but all things were full of all things- the first tabernacle, the mercy-seat, the veil, the temple, the side-scenes, the vestibules, the out
discerning that man is an animal, which he did not know, and whatever else belongs to this, lest I make a further example of the foolish, or of the on
Intently and from every side examining subtleties, I was investigating the extensions, the releases, the intonations, the transitions, the displacemen
he has come, nor has he arrived to gather spiritual fruits, but only for the sake of this man whom you see reading with pleasure. For just as one who
Who will relate your magadis upon the breast and the songs and warblings upon your tongue, that all-harmonious melody, the pleasure that knows no sati
and himself, but what kind the others are, I do not know. For I see a form above human nature, and a look in one way cherubic, in another leonine, in
an ineffable sympathy and in turn feels a contrary passion, as the cosmos happens to be one living being, and how Plato, having posited the elements a
I have not heard of him rising up against anyone nor boasting for the whole time, but just as they say that the very learned accuse themselves of a te
to know what sort of thing your grandfather had become in life and what command of language he had. But I shall praise you, not by bringing in falseho
to revel. But whenever your bond was loosened and you shed the swaddling clothes, you did not know what to do with yourself, looking more cheerful, sm
The birth-pangs of Plato and Aristotle are a bringing forth, by whom I am both born and fashioned. Do you see how from every side the argument has proven your irrationality, and your tardiness has no excuse? But perhaps the parable of the gospel will deceive you, that even those who came before the last hour received the same wage as those who labored from the first? But there, O best of men (that I may lay bare for you the secret of the parable), the different times of those who believed were likened to a single day according to the custom of scripture, and the one of the eleventh hour contributed the same labor as the one who came very early; but here the one of the fifth hour and the one of the twelfth has taken a mere fraction of the day, and the labor that he ought to have contributed during the entire day's course, he has, by his appearance at the twelfth part, made small and diminished. But I am not such a rewarder of labor as to have such a wealth of discourse that the same is equally sufficient for all. And I will wrong those who, with intense eagerness, anticipating your negligence, come to the school. It was necessary, then, to bring the blade now and to separate the sheep from the goats, so as to lead the one group in wherever they please, and to send the other away; but since our discourse is divine, it must also be likened to all divine things. What, then, is the example there? God does not immediately string the bow and send the arrow, nor does he bare the sword and strike, nor does he light the coals and burn; but in that case he holds back the swift-hurled shot, and in this case he lifts his hand but does not bring down the blow, and he lights the coals but places them very far from those to be burned, as scripture says, first terrifying with the pre-heatings. But when those being chastened act insolently even toward the threats, then the arrow is released and the axe cuts the tree at the root and the coals, previously being kindled, become a Babylonian furnace. Let this discourse, then, be for you as a bow made ready, as a sword raised, as a fire kindled; and we will loose it and bring it down, and furthermore we will burn you, when you respond with insolence to the shot and to the raising and to the kindling. 24 He reproaches the neglectful students You are silent and today you propose nothing. If, then, you do this as being demonstrative and using proofs on your own, this is what I want and for which I have been eager for you to arrive at; but if as dialecticians, I fear that you have not yet taken upon yourselves the name of the science, whose characteristic it is both to give and to receive an account and to form the syllogism in accordance with the opinion of the questioner. But if, having taken as it were common principles for what you propose to ask from those things which I have often said and variously interpreted to you, you use these also concerning things you have never asked about, this too is natural for your fertile furrow, and good repute comes to me because, having enjoyed the seed from me, you quickly sprout not an annual ear of corn, but have made your soul like the land of the Italians, or the so-called Campanian plains, which are thrice-fruitful or many-fruitful. Plato, then, and Pythagoras and Aristotle and Theophrastus, who indeed presided over philosophy, appeared angry with those who neglected their studies, not pouring forth the spring of their teachings so abundantly, but setting before their students certain principles and seeds, and then they demanded many times over what they had sown; and a very great many of the hearers, from the briefest of hypotheses, even surpassed their teachers. But you (but no, O savior, nor O liberator) not even a fraction
ἀποκύησιν ἡ τοῦ Πλάτωνος καὶ Ἀριστοτέλους ὠδίς, ὑφ' ὧν ἐγὼ καὶ γεννῶμαι καὶ διαπλάττομαι. ὁρᾶτε ὡς πάντοθεν ὑμῖν ὁ λόγος τὸ
ἄλογον συνήγαγε καὶ οὐκ ἔχει λόγον ἡ βραδυτής; Ἀλλ' ἴσως ὑμᾶς ἡ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου πλανήσει παραβολή, ὅτι καὶ οἱ πρὸ τῆς τελευταίας
ὥρας συνεληλυθότες τὸν αὐτὸν μισθὸν ἀπειλήφασι τοῖς περὶ τὴν πρώτην πονήσασιν; ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ, ὦ βέλτιστοι (ἵν' ὑμῖν καὶ τὸ τῆς
παραβολῆς παραγυμνώσω ἀπόρρητον), οἱ διάφοροι τῶν πιστευσάντων καιροὶ μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ἀφωμοιώθησαν κατὰ τὴν συνήθειαν τῆς γραφῆς,
καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν πόνον εἰσήνεγκε καὶ ὁ ἑνδεκαταῖος ὃν καὶ ὁ πρωϊαίτατα συνεληλυθώς· ἐνταῦθα δὲ ὁ πεμπταῖος καὶ ὁ δωδεκαταῖος
τὸ πολλο στημόριον τῆς ἡμέρας ἀπείληφε, καὶ ὃν ἐχρῆν πόνον συνεισενεγκεῖν ἐν παντὶ τῷ ἡμερησίῳ δρομήματι διὰ τῆς κατὰ τὸ δωδεκατημόριον
ἀπαντή σεως ἐσμίκρυνε καὶ ἠλάττωσεν. ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τοιοῦτος ὁ μισθαποδότης ἐγώ, ὥστε τοσοῦτον ἔχειν τοῦ λόγου πλοῦτον, ὡς τὸν
αὐτὸν ἐπίσης ἐξαρκεῖν ἅπασιν. ἀδικήσω δὲ καὶ ὅσοι τῷ συντόνῳ τῆς προθυμίας τὸ ἀμελὲς ὑμῶν προλαμβάνοντες ἀπαντῶσιν εἰς τὸ
γυμνάσιον. Ἔδει μὲν οὖν νῦν ἐπενεγκεῖν τὴν τομὴν καὶ διελεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐρίφων τὰ πρόβατα, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν εἰσαγαγεῖν ὅποι δὴ φίλον
αὐτοῖς, τοὺς δὲ ἀποπέμ ψασθαι· ἐπεὶ δὲ θεῖος ὁ καθ' ἡμᾶς λόγος, δεῖ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς θείοις ἀφομοιοῦσθαι. ποῖον οὖν ἐκεῖ τὸ παράδειγμα;
οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐντείνει τὸ τόξον καὶ πέμπει τὸ βέλος θεός, οὐδὲ γυμνοῖ τὸ ξίφος καὶ παίει, οὐδὲ τοὺς ἄνθρακας ἀνάπτει καὶ καίει·
ἀλλὰ κἀκεῖ μὲν τὴν βολὴν ἠπειγμένην παρακρατεῖ, κἀνταῦθα δὲ ἐπανατείνεται μέν, οὐκ ἐπιφέρει δὲ τὴν πληγήν, καὶ τοὺς ἄνθρακας
ἀνάπτει μέν, πορρώτατα δὲ τῶν καιομένων τίθησιν, ὥς φησιν ἡ γραφή, ταῖς προθερμάνσεσι πρότερον δεδιττόμενος. ἐπειδὰν δὲ ὑβρίσωσι
καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀπειλὰς οἱ σωφρονιζόμενοι, τηνικαῦτα τὸ βέλος ἀφίεται καὶ ἡ ἀξίνη τὸ δένδρον ῥιζοτομεῖ καὶ Βαβυλωνία κάμινος
οἱ τέως ἀναπτόμενοι ἄνθρακες γίνονται. Ἔστω οὖν ὑμῖν οὗτος ὁ λόγος ὡς τόξον ἑτοιμασθέν, ὡς ξίφος ἀναταθέν, ὡς πῦρ ἀναφθέν·
ἐπαφήσομεν δὲ καὶ κατενέγκωμεν, πρὸς δὲ καὶ κατα φλέξομεν, ὅτε καὶ πρὸς τὴν βολὴν καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀνάτασιν καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἔξαψιν
ἀνθυβρίσετε. 24 Ὀνειδίζει τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀμελοῦντας Σιγᾶτε καὶ τὴν τήμερον οὐ προβάλλετε. εἰ μὲν οὖν ὡς ἀποδεικτικοὶ καὶ ἐφ'
ἑαυτῶν ταῖς ἀποδείξεσι χρώμενοι, τοῦτο καὶ βούλομαι πρὸς ὃ δὴ ἐληλυθέναι ὑμᾶς ἐσπούδακα· εἰ δὲ ὡς διαλεκτικοί, δέδοικα μὴ
καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τῆς ἐπιστήμης οὐδέπω ἑαυτοῖς ἔθεσθε, ἧς ἴδιον διδόναι τε λόγον καὶ λαμβάνειν καὶ πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ἐρωτῶντος
δόξαν τὸν συλλογισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι. εἰ δέ, ἐξ ὧν πολλάκις εἴρηκα καὶ πολυμερῶς ἡρμήνευκα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἀρχὰς ὥσπερ εἰληφότες κοινὰς
ὧν προτίθεσθε ἐρωτᾶν, ταύταις χρῆσθε καὶ περὶ ὧν μηδέποτε ἠρωτήκατε, τοῦτο καὶ τῆς ὑμετέρας πέφυκε πίονος αὔλακος, ἔρχεται
δὲ καὶ πρός με εὔκλεια ὅτι τῆς ἀπ' ἐμοῦ καταβολῆς ἀπολελαυκότες εἰς τάχος οὐκ ἐπέτειον τὸν στάχυν ἀναβλαστά νετε, ἀλλὰ κατὰ
τὴν Ἰταλῶν χώραν, ἢ τὰ λεγόμενα Καμπανῶν πεδία τρίκαρπα ἢ πολύκαρπα, τὴν ὑμετέραν πεποιηκότες ψυχήν. Πλάτων μὲν οὖν καὶ Πυθαγόρας
καὶ Ἀριστοτέλης καὶ Θεόφραστος, οἳ δὴ φιλοσοφίας προὐκάθηντο, ὀργίλοι τοῖς ὀλιγωροῦσι τῶν μαθημάτων ἐφαίνοντο, μηδὲ τὴν πηγὴν
τῶν λόγων οὕτως ἀφθόνως προχέοντες, ἀλλ' ἀρχάς τινας καὶ σπέρματα τοῖς μαθηταῖς προτιθέμενοι, εἶτα δὴ καὶ ἀπῄτουν ὧν κατεβάλοντο
τὸ πολλαπλάσιον· καὶ πλεῖστοι δή τινες τῶν ἀκροατῶν ἀπὸ βραχυτάτων τῶν ὑποθέσεων καὶ τοὺς διδασκάλους ὑπερεβάλοντο. ὑμεῖς
δέ (ἀλλὰ μή, ὦ σῶτερ, μηδ' ὦ ἐλευθέριε) οὐδὲ τὸ πολλοστημόριόν
