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Lord and not man," both saying it is standing and fixed in the earth and not revolving. The ends of heaven on either side are bound together with the ends of the earth, concerning which it is written in Job: "He has bowed heaven to the earth, and it is poured out like dust on the ground; I have cemented it like a cube of stone." 4.6 And concerning the earth it is written again in Job: "He who hangs the earth upon nothing," as if it has nothing beneath it. And David in agreement, not having found it established upon anything, said: "He founded the earth upon its own stability," as if it was founded by God upon itself, and not upon anything. 4.7 We have made a drawing as was possible, having within it the firmament and the heights of the central earth, which we now inhabit, and the Ocean around it, and in it the four navigable gulfs that flow into it, the Roman, Arabian, Persian, and Caspian, or Hyrcanian. And again, around the Ocean is the land beyond, where also paradise lies toward the east. We draw, therefore, again for the present the breadth of the earth and of the Ocean and of the gulfs and of the land beyond and paradise, leaving for the present its heights, so that it may be easy to see for those who look at it. The shape of the whole earth according to its surface and breadth is as follows. The text 4.8 To this land beyond the Ocean, the first, vault-like heaven is bound on all sides, end to end; on the western and eastern part, an upright wall is found, as if ascending upwards, but on the southern and northern, a wall of equal height below up to the visible form of the vault, but from above, a very high winding, like the dome of a great bath, having the earth as its foundation below, itself being wall and vault. 4.9 Then, as we have said many times before, the firmament, stretched out in the middle of the height, is bound to this heaven, so that two spaces are formed, an upper room and a lower room. And the one space, that is, the lower room, is where the earth and the water and the other elements and stars are, this world from the earth up to the firmament, having the earth as a floor, the walls from the first heaven, and the firmament as a roof; and from the firmament to the vault of the first heaven is a second space, that is, the kingdom of heaven, where the Lord Christ, having risen from the dead, has ascended, and where the righteous hereafter are to ascend, having heaven, that is the firmament, as a floor and the first heaven as walls and a vaulted roof. 4.10 We draw again also the height and shape of this earth, which we humans now inhabit, which is encircled within the Ocean, in which are also the four navigable gulfs. Its eastern and southern parts are low, its northern and western parts are very high, lying low and imperceptibly. Therefore, as much breadth as the earth has, so much height it also has in its northern and western parts. Therefore, as far as it is possible to draw it, the shape is as follows. Note 4.11 The whole earth is rectangular, as was drawn before. And we have indicated its height in the central part and the heights in the northern and western parts here by drawing how, being in the middle and having the Ocean around it and again around it the opposite earth, with the stars circling it, it is able to form a conical shadow according to outsiders, and that also according to this shape the eclipses of the moon and nights and days can be produced, and the divine Scripture is more true, saying: "The sun rises and the sun sets and draws to its place; rising there it goes to the south and circles to the north; it circles round and round, and the wind returns on its circuits," as if circling the air it returns again to its place. The text 4.12 Thus, therefore, in this view are its inhabited parts. The sun, therefore, rising from the east and running through the south according to the solstices, always shining toward the height of the earth or rather toward the earth itself, makes night beyond the height of the earth

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Κύριος καὶ οὐκ ἄνθρωπος", ἀμφότεροι ἱστάμενον λέγοντες καὶ πεπηγότα ἐν τῇ γῇ καὶ οὐ περιφερόμενον. Τὰ ἄκρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὰ παρ' ἑκάτερα σὺν τοῖς ἄκροις τῆς γῆς εἰσὶ συνδεδεμένα, περὶ ὧν ἐν τῷ Ἰὼβ γέγραπται· "Οὐρανὸν δὲ εἰς γῆν ἔκλινε, κέχυται δὲ ὥσπερ γῆ κονία· κεκόλληκα δὲ αὐτὸν ὥσπερ λίθον κύβον." 4.6 Περὶ δὲ τῆς γῆς γέγραπται πάλιν ἐν τῷ Ἰώβ· "Ὁ κρεμνῶν τὴν γῆν ἐπ' οὐδενός", ὡσανεὶ μὴ ἔχουσαν ὑποκάτω τι. Ὁ δὲ ∆αυῒδ συμφώνως μὴ εὑρηκὼς ἐπί τινος αὐτὴν ἡδρασμένην ἔφη· "Ἐθεμελιῶσε τὴν γῆν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀσφάλειαν αὐτῆς", ὡσανεὶ αὐτὴν ἐφ' ἑαυτὴν παρὰ Θεοῦ θεμελιωθεῖσαν, καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπί τινος. 4.7 Ὡς ἦν μὲν δυνατὸν διαγράψαι πεποιήκαμεν ἔσωθεν ἔχοντα τὸ στερέωμα καὶ τὰ ὕψη τῆς γῆς τῆς μεσοτάτης, ἧς νῦν κατοικοῦμεν, καὶ τὸν Ὠκεανὸν πέριξ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ τοὺς τέσσαρας κόλπους εἰσβάλλοντας τοὺς πλεομένους, Ῥωμαϊκόν, Ἀράβιον, Περσικόν, Κάσπιον, ἤτοι Ὑρκανόν. Πέριξ δὲ πάλιν τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ τὴν γῆν τὴν πέραν, ἔνθα καὶ ὁ παράδεισος κατὰ ἀνατολὰς κεῖται. ∆ιαγράφομεν τοίνυν πάλιν τὸ πλάτος τέως τῆς γῆς καὶ τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ καὶ τῶν κόλπων καὶ τῆς πέραν γῆς καὶ τὸν παράδεισον, ἐῶντες τέως τὰ ὕψη αὐτῆς, ὅπως εὐσύνοπτος γένηται τοῖς θεωμένοις. Ἔστι δὲ τὸ σχῆμα τῆς γῆς πάσης κατ' αὐτὴν τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν καὶ τὸ πλάτος τοιόνδε. Τὸ κείμενον 4.8 Εἰς ταύτην τὴν γῆν τὴν πέραν τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ πανταχόθεν ἄκρα τοῖς ἄκροις ὁ οὐρανὸς πρῶτος ὁ καμαροειδὴς συνδέδεται· κατὰ μὲν τὸ δυτικὸν μέρος καὶ ἀνατολικόν, τοῖχος ὀρθὸς ὡς ἄνω ἐμβαίνων εὑρίσκεται, κατὰ δὲ τὸ νότιον καὶ βόρειον τοῖχος μὲν ἴσος τὸ κάτωθεν ἕως φανεροῦ κατὰ τὸν τύπον ὄντος καμάρας, ἄνωθεν δὲ ὑψηλότατος ἑλισσόμενος ὡς θόλος λουτροῦ μεγάλη, κάτωθεν πέλμα ἔχουσα τὴν γῆν, αὐτὸς δὲ τοῖχος καὶ καμάρα ὑπάρχων. 4.9 Εἶτα καθὰ καὶ πρώην ἔφημεν πολλάκις, τὸ στερέωμα μέσα μέσοις ἐξηπλωμένον κατὰ τὸ ὕψος συνδέδεται αὐτῷ τῷ οὐρανῷ, ἵνα γένηται δύο χῶροι, ἀνάγαιον καὶ κατάγαιον. Ἔστι δὲ ὁ χῶρος ὁ εἷς, τουτέστι τὸ κατάγαιον, ἔνθα εἰσὶν ἡ γῆ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ στοιχεῖα καὶ ἄστρα, ὁ κόσμος οὗτος ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἕως τοῦ στερεώματος, γῆν μὲν ἔχων ἔδαφος, τοίχους δὲ ἐκ τοῦ πρώτου οὐρανοῦ, στέγην δὲ τὸ στερέωμα· καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ στερεώματος ἕως τῆς καμάρας τοῦ πρώτου οὐρανοῦ χῶρος δεύτερος, τουτέστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἔνθα καὶ ὁ ∆εσπότης Χριστὸς ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀνελήλυθε καὶ οἱ δίκαιοι μετὰ ταῦτα μέλλουσιν ἀνιέναι, οὐρανὸν μὲν ἤτοι τὸ στερέωμα ἔχων ἔδαφος καὶ οὐρανὸν τὸν πρῶτον τοίχους καὶ στέγην καμαροειδῆ. 4.10 ∆ιαγράφομεν πάλιν καὶ τὸ ὕψος καὶ σχῆμα ταύτης τῆς γῆς, ἧς νῦν οἰκοῦμεν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ἥ ἐστιν ἔσωθεν τοῦ Ὠκεανοῦ κυκλευομένη, ἐν ᾗ εἰσι καὶ οἱ τέσσαρες κόλποι οἱ πλεόμενοι. Ἔστι δὲ τὰ ἀνατολικὰ αὐτῆς μέρη καὶ τὰ νότια χαμηλά, βόρεια καὶ δυτικὰ ὑψηλότατα, χθαμαλῶς καὶ ἀνεπαισθήτως κειμένη. Ὅσον οὖν πλάτος ἔχει ἡ γῆ, τοσοῦτον ἔχει καὶ ὕψος κατὰ τὰ βόρεια καὶ δυτικὰ μέρη. Ἔστιν οὖν κατὰ τὸ ἐνδεχόμενον διαγράψαι τὸ σχῆμα τοιόνδε. Παραγραφή 4.11 Ἡ γῆ μὲν πᾶσα τετράγωνός ἐστι, καθὰ προεγράφη. Τὸ ἀνάστημα δὲ αὐτῆς τῆς μεσοτάτης καὶ τὰ ὕψη τὰ κατὰ βόρεια καὶ δυτικὰ μέρη ἐσημάναμεν ἐνταῦθα διαγράψαντες ὅπως, μέση τυγχάνουσα καὶ πέριξ ἔχουσα τὸν Ὠκεανὸν καὶ πάλιν πέριξ τὴν ἄντικρυς γῆν, τῶν ἄστρων κυκλευόντων αὐτήν, δύναται καὶ κῶνον ἀποτελεῖν τὴν σκιὰν κατὰ τοὺς ἔξω, καὶ ὅτι καὶ κατὰ τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτο δύνανται καὶ αἱ ἐκλείψεις τῆς σελήνης ἀποτελεῖσθαι καὶ νύκτες καὶ ἡμέραι, καὶ ἡ θεία Γραφὴ μᾶλλον ἀληθεύει λέγουσα· "Ἀνατέλλει ὁ ἥλιος καὶ δύνει ὁ ἥλιος καὶ εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ ἕλκει· ἀνατέλλων αὐτὸς ἐκεῖ πορεύεται πρὸς νότον καὶ κυκλοῖ πρὸς βορρᾶν· κυκλοῖ κυκλῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ κύκλους αὐτοῦ ἐπιστρέφει τὸ πνεῦμα", ὡσανεὶ τὸν ἀέρα κυκλεύων πάλιν εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ ἐπανήκει. Τὸ κείμενον 4.12 Οὕτως οὖν ἐστιν ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ὄψει τὰ οἰκούμενα αὐτῆς μέρη. Ἀνατέλλων οὖν ὁ ἥλιος ἐξ ἀνατολῶν καὶ διατρέχων τὸν νότον κατὰ τὰς τροπάς, πάντοτε πρὸς τὸ ὕψος τῆς γῆς ἤτοι καὶ πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν γῆν φαίνων, ποιεῖ νύκτα περαιτέρω τοῦ ὕψους τῆς γῆς