John Chrysostom, On Repentance

And yet he could have said: Come, you blessed, because you were temperate, because you lived as virgins, because you undertook an angelic life; but he is silent about these things, not because they are unworthy of mention, but as being secondary to philanthropy. But just as to these on the right, he showed the kingdom granted because of philanthropy; so also to those on the left, he threatened punishment because of their fruitlessness. Depart, you cursed, into the outer darkness, which has been prepared for the devil and his angels. Why? For what reason? Because I was hungry, and you did not give me to eat. He did not say: Because you committed fornication, because you committed adultery, because you stole, because you bore false witness, because you swore falsely; admittedly these are evil things, but they are less than inhumanity and mercilessness. But why, O Lord, do you not mention other ways? I do not judge, he says, sin, but inhumanity; I do not judge those who have sinned, but those who have not repented; for inhumanity I condemn you, because having so great and so powerful a medicine of salvation, almsgiving, by which all sins were wiped away, you have neglected so great a benefit. I reproach, therefore, inhumanity as the root of wickedness and all impiety; I praise philanthropy as the root of all good things, and I threaten the one group with eternal fire, but to the other I promise the kingdom of heaven. Good are your promises, O Master; good too is your awaited kingdom, and the Gehenna again threatened; the one exhort49.336ing, the other frightening; for the kingdom exhorts well, and Gehenna frightens usefully. For God threatens Gehenna, not in order to cast into Gehenna, but in order to deliver from Gehenna. For if he wished to punish, he would not have threatened beforehand, so that by being made safe we might flee the things threatened. He threatens the punishment, that we may flee the experience of the punishment; he frightens with the word, that he may not punish with the deed. Let us lend, therefore, philanthropy to God, let us lend, that we may find him a debtor, as I have already said, and not a judge; for the debtor is ashamed before the one who lent, he is ashamed before him and is put to shame. If a lender goes to the door of a debtor, if he is poor, he flees; but if he is well-off, he receives him with boldness. But see for me another wonder of the just judge set forth from human examples: if you lend to someone who is in poverty, and the one who borrowed comes into abundance, and is then able to repay you the debt, he does it hidden from the many, and repays, so that he might not be ashamed for his former condition; and he acknowledges the favors, but he hides the benefit, being ashamed of his former need. But God does not act so, but borrowing in secret, he repays the debt openly. For when he receives, it is through hidden almsgiving; but when he repays, he repays in the sight of all creation. But perhaps someone will say: Why has he given to me, the rich man, in one way, and not given to the poor man in a similar way? He was able to give to you in like manner, and to the poor man, but he did not wish either for your wealth to be fruitless, or for his poverty to be without reward. To you who are rich he has given to be rich in almsgiving, and to scatter in righteousness; For He has scattered abroad; He has given to the poor; His righteousness endures forever. Do you see that the rich man from almsgiving treasures up eternal righteousness? see again also the poor man; since he does not have wealth, with which he may work righteousness, he has poverty, from which he reaps eternal patience; For the patience of the poor shall not perish forever; in Christ our Lord, to whom be the glory for ever and ever. Amen.

ON REPENTANCE.

καίτοι ἐδύνατο εἰπεῖν· ∆εῦτε οἱ εὐλογημένοι, ὅτι ἐσωφρονήσατε, ὅτι ἐπαρθενεύσατε, ὅτι ἀγγελικὴν πολιτείαν ἀνελάβετε· ἀλλὰ σιωπᾷ ταῦτα, οὐχ ὅτι ἀνάξια μνήμης, ἀλλ' ὡς δεύτερα φιλανθρωπίας. Ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τούτοις τοῖς ἐκ δεξιῶν διὰ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ἔδειξε δεδωρημένην τὴν βασιλείαν· οὕτω καὶ τοῖς ἐξ ἀριστερῶν διὰ τὴν ἀκαρπίαν ἠπείλησε τὴν τιμωρίαν. Πορεύεσθε οἱ κατῃραμένοι εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον, τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀγγέλοις αὐτοῦ. ∆ιὰ τί; ὑπὲρ τίνος; Ὅτι ἐπείνων, καὶ οὐκ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν. Οὐκ εἶπεν Ὅτι ἐπορνεύσατε, ὅτι ἐμοιχεύσατε, ὅτι ἐκλέψατε, ὅτι ἐψευδομαρτυρήσατε, ὅτι ἐπιωρκήσατε· κακὰ μὲν ὁμολογουμένως καὶ ταῦτα, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀπανθρωπίας κατώτερα καὶ τῆς ἀνελεημοσύνης. ∆ιὰ τί δὲ, ὦ Κύριε, οὐκ ἄλλων ὁδῶν φέρεις μνήμην; Οὐ κρίνω, φησὶ, τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀπανθρωπίαν· οὐ κρίνω τοὺς ἁμαρτήσαντας, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὴ μετανοήσαντας· ὑπὲρ ἀπανθρωπίας ὑμᾶς καταδικάζω, ὅτι ἔχοντες τοσοῦτον καὶ τηλικοῦτον φάρμακον σωτηρίας, τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην, ἐν ᾗ ἐξηλείφετο πάντα τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, παρήκατε τοσαύτην εὐεργεσίαν. Ὀνειδίζω τοίνυν τὴν ἀπανθρωπίαν ὡς ῥίζαν κακίας καὶ πάσης ἀσεβείας· ἐπαινῶ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ὡς ῥίζαν πάντων τῶν ἀγαθῶν, καὶ ἀπειλῶ τοῖς μὲν πῦρ αἰώνιον, τοῖς δὲ βασιλείαν οὐρανῶν ἐπαγγέλλομαι. Καλαί σου, ὦ ∆έσποτα, καὶ αἱ ἐπαγγελίαι· καλή σου καὶ ἡ προσδοκωμένη βασιλεία, καὶ ἡ γέεννα πάλιν ἀπειλουμένη· ἡ μὲν προτρε49.336 πομένη, ἡ δὲ ἐκφοβοῦσα· προτρέπεται γὰρ καλῶς ἡ βασιλεία, φοβεῖ δὲ χρησίμως ἡ γέεννα. Ἀπειλεῖ γὰρ γέενναν ὁ Θεὸς, οὐχ ἵνα εἰς γέενναν ἐμβάλῃ, ἀλλ' ἵνα γεέννης ἀπαλλάξῃ. Εἰ γὰρ ἐβούλετο κολάσαι, οὐκ ἂν προηπείλησεν, ἵνα ἀσφαλισάμενοι φύγωμεν τὰ ἀπειλούμενα. Ἀπειλεῖ τὴν τιμωρίαν, ἵνα φύγωμεν τὴν πεῖραν τῆς τιμωρίας· φοβεῖ τῷ λόγῳ, ἵνα μὴ κολάσῃ τῷ ἔργῳ. ∆ανείσωμεν τοίνυν τῷ Θεῷ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν, δανείσωμεν, ἵνα εὕρωμεν αὐτὸν χρεώστην, ὡς ἔφθην εἰπὼν, καὶ μὴ δικαστήν· αἰδεῖται γὰρ ὁ χρεώστης τὸν δανείσαντα, αἰδεῖται αὐτὸν καὶ δυσωπεῖται. Ἐὰν ἀπέλθῃ δανειστὴς εἰς θύραν χρεώστου, ἐὰν μὲν ᾖ ἄπορος, φεύγει· ἐὰν δὲ εὔπορος, μετὰ παῤῥησίας δέχεται αὐτόν. Ὅρα δέ μοι καὶ ἕτερον θαῦμα τοῦ δικαίου κριτοῦ ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων παρατιθέμενον· ἐάν τινι ἐν πενίᾳ καθεστῶτι δανείσῃς, προέλθῃ δὲ εἰς εὐθηνίαν ὁ δανεισάμενος, καὶ δύνηταί σοι λοιπὸν ἀποδοῦναι τὸ χρέος, λανθάνει τοὺς πολλοὺς, καὶ ἀποδίδωσιν, ἵνα μὴ αἰσχύνηται ἐπὶ τῇ προτέρᾳ καταστάσει· καὶ χάριτας μὲν ὁμολογεῖ, κρύπτει δὲ τὴν εὐεργεσίαν, τὴν προτέραν ἔνδειαν αἰσχυνόμενος. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς οὐχ οὕτω ποιεῖ, ἀλλ' ἐν κρυπτῷ δανειζόμενος, παῤῥησίᾳ τὸ χρέος ἀποδίδωσιν. Ὅτε μὲν γὰρ λαμβάνει, διὰ λανθανούσης ἐλεημοσύνης· ὅτε δὲ ἀποδίδωσιν, ἐπ' ὄψεσι πάσης τῆς δημιουργίας ἀποδίδωσιν. Ἀλλ' ἐρεῖ τις ἴσως· ∆ιὰ τί δὲ ὅλως ὥσπερ ἐμοὶ τῷ πλουσίῳ δέδωκεν, οὐχὶ καὶ τῷ πένητι παραπλησίως δέδωκεν; Ἐδύνατο μὲν καὶ σοὶ δοῦναι ὁμοίως, καὶ τῷ πένητι, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἠθέλησεν οὔτε σοῦ ἄκαρπον εἶναι τὸν πλοῦτον, οὔτε ἐκείνου ἄμισθον τὴν πενίαν. Σοὶ τῷ πλουτοῦντι δέδωκε πλουτεῖν ἐλεημοσύνῃ, καὶ σκορπίζειν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ· Ἐσκόρπισε γάρ· ἔδωκε τοῖς πένησιν· ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι ὁ πλούσιος ἐκ τῆς ἐλεημοσύνης θησαυρίζει δικαιοσύνην αἰώνιον; ὅρα πάλιν καὶ τὸν πένητα· ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἔχει πλοῦτον, ᾧ ἐργάσηται δικαιοσύνην, ἔχει πενίαν, ἐξ ἧς καρποῦται ὑπομονὴν αἰώνιον· Ἡ γὰρ ὑπομονὴ τῶν πενήτων οὐκ ἀπολεῖται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· ἐν Χριστῷ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

ΠΕΡΙ ΜΕΤΑΝΟΙΑΣ.