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ten thousand wonders to forget due proportion, and to have suffered the same thing as those sailing on the sea, who, gauging their movement by no fixed point, often do not know how far they have run. This very thing seems to have happened to us, as our discourse runs through creation, we have lost the sense of the multitude of things said. But even if this venerable assembly is fond of hearing, and the narration of the Lord's wonders is sweet to the ears of His servants, having brought our discourse to anchor here, let us await the day for the rendering of what remains. But let us all, rising up, give thanks for what has been said, and let us ask for the completion of what remains. And may you have for table talk, even while you partake of food, all that the discourse has brought to you in the morning, and all that it has brought in the evening; and being overtaken by sleep with the thoughts of these things, you may enjoy the day's gladness even while sleeping, so that you may be able to say, I sleep, but my heart is awake, meditating day and night on the law of the Lord, to whom be the glory and the power for ever and ever. Amen.

HOMILY 8

On birds and aquatic creatures.

8.1 And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living soul after its kind, four-footed beasts, and creeping things, and wild beasts after their kind. And it was so. The command came, proceeding on its way, and the earth too received its own adornment. There, Let the waters bring forth creeping things of living souls; here, Let the earth bring forth a living soul. Is the earth, then, ensouled? And do the foolish-minded Manichaeans have ground for putting a soul into the earth? Not because it said, Let it bring forth, did it bring forth what was stored up in it, but He who gave the command also graciously bestowed on it the power to bring forth. For neither when the earth heard, Let it bring forth grass and the fruit tree, did it bring forth the grass it had hidden; nor did it send up to the surface the palm, or the oak, or the cypress, which were hidden somewhere down in its depths; but the divine word is the nature of the things that come into being. Let the earth bring forth: not, let it put forth what it has, but, let it acquire what it does not have, God granting the power for the working. So also now, Let the earth bring forth a soul, not the soul stored up within it, but the one given to it by God through the command. Then the argument will also be turned against them. For if the earth brought forth the soul, it left itself bereft of the soul. But their abomination is immediately obvious. Why, however, were the waters commanded to bring forth creeping things of living souls, but the earth a living soul? We reason, then, that the nature of swimming creatures seems to partake of a somewhat more imperfect life, because of living in the denseness of the water. For their hearing is dull, and they see dimly, looking through the water, and there is neither memory among them, nor imagination, nor recognition of the familiar. For this reason the Word, as it were, indicates that the fleshly life in aquatic creatures takes precedence over the movements of the soul; but in the case of land animals, since their life is more perfect, the soul has been entrusted with all the governance. For their senses are more acute; and their perceptions of present things are keen; and memories of past things are precise among most quadrupeds. For this reason, it seems, in the case of aquatic creatures, ensouled bodies were created (for creeping things of living souls were brought forth from the waters), but in the case of land animals, a soul governing bodies was commanded to come into being, since those that live on the earth have partaken of more of the vital power. For the land animals are also irrational; but nevertheless each one signifies by its natural voice many of the passions of its soul. For indeed

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μυρία θαύματα ἐπιλελῆσθαι τῆς συμμετρίας, καὶ ταὐτὸν πεπονθέναι τοῖς ἐν πελάγει ναυτιλ λομένοις, οἳ πρὸς μηδὲν πεπηγὸς τὴν κίνησιν τεκμαιρό μενοι, ἀγνοοῦσι πολλάκις ὅσον διέδραμον. Ὃ δὴ καὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς ἔοικε γεγενῆσθαι, τρέχοντος τοῦ λόγου διὰ τῆς κτίσεως, μὴ λαβεῖν τοῦ πλήθους τῶν εἰρημένων τὴν αἴσθησιν. Ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ φιλήκοον τὸ σεμνὸν τοῦτο θέατρον, καὶ γλυκεῖα δούλων ἀκοαῖς δεσποτικῶν θαυμάτων διήγησις, ἐνταῦθα τὸν λόγον ὁρμίσαντες, μείνωμεν τὴν ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν τῶν λειπομένων ἀπόδοσιν. Ἀναστάντες δὲ πάντες εὐχαριστή σωμεν ὑπὲρ τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ αἰτήσωμεν τῶν λειπομένων τὴν πλήρωσιν. Γένοιτο δὲ ὑμῖν καὶ ἐν τῇ μεταλήψει τῆς τροφῆς ἐπιτραπέζια διηγήματα, ὅσα τε ἕωθεν ὑμῖν, καὶ ὅσα κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐπῆλθεν ὁ λόγος· καὶ ταῖς περὶ τούτων ἐννοίαις ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου καταληφθέντες, τῆς μεθημε ρινῆς εὐφροσύνης καὶ καθεύδοντες ἀπολαύσοιτε, ἵνα ἐξῇ ὑμῖν λέγειν, Ἐγὼ καθεύδω, καὶ ἡ καρδία μου ἀγρυπνεῖ, μελετῶσα νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Κυρίου, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ηʹ

Περὶ πτηνῶν καὶ ἐνύδρων.

8.1 Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν κατὰ γένος, τετράποδα καὶ ἑρπετὰ καὶ θηρία κατὰ γένος. Καὶ ἐγένετο οὕτως. Ἦλθε τὸ πρόσταγμα ὁδῷ βαδίζον, καὶ ἀπέλαβε καὶ ἡ γῆ τὸν ἴδιον κόσμον. Ἐκεῖ, Ἐξαγαγέτω τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν· ὧδε, Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Ἔμψυχος ἄρα ἡ γῆ; καὶ χώραν ἔχουσιν οἱ ματαιόφρονες Μανιχαῖοι, ψυχὴν ἐντιθέντες τῇ γῇ; Οὐκ ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν, Ἐξαγαγέτω, τὸ ἐναποκείμενον αὐτῇ προήνεγκεν, ἀλλ' ὁ δοὺς τὸ πρόσταγμα, καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἐξαγαγεῖν αὐτῇ δύναμιν ἐχαρίσατο. Οὔτε γὰρ ὅτε ἤκουσεν ἡ γῆ, Βλα στησάτω βοτάνην χόρτου καὶ ξύλον κάρπιμον, κεκρυμμένον ἔχουσα τὸν χόρτον ἐξήνεγκεν· οὐδὲ τὸν φοίνικα, ἢ τὴν δρῦν, ἢ τὴν κυπάρισσον κάτω που ἐν ταῖς λαγόσιν ἑαυτῆς ἀποκε κρυμμένα ἀνῆκε πρὸς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν· ἀλλ' ὁ θεῖος λόγος φύσις ἐστὶ τῶν γινομένων. Βλαστησάτω ἡ γῆ· οὐχ ὅπερ ἔχει προβαλλέτω, ἀλλ' ὃ μὴ ἔχει κτησάσθω, Θεοῦ δωρουμένου τῆς ἐνεργείας τὴν δύναμιν. Οὕτω καὶ νῦν, Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν, οὐ τὴν ἐναποκειμένην, ἀλλὰ τὴν δεδομένην αὐτῇ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ τῆς ἐπιταγῆς. Ἔπειτα καὶ εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον αὐτοῖς ὁ λόγος περιτραπήσεται. Εἰ γὰρ ἐξήνεγκεν ἡ γῆ τὴν ψυχὴν, ἐρήμην ἑαυτὴν κατέλιπε τῆς ψυχῆς. Ἀλλ' ἐκείνων μὲν τὸ βδελυκτὸν αὐτόθεν γνώριμον. ∆ιὰ τί μέντοι τὰ μὲν ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν ἐξαγα γεῖν προσετάχθη, ἡ δὲ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν; Λογιζόμεθα τοίνυν, ὅτι τῶν μὲν νηκτῶν ἡ φύσις ἀτελεστέρας πως δοκεῖ ζωῆς μετέχειν, διὰ τὸ ἐν τῇ παχύτητι τοῦ ὕδατος διαιτᾶσθαι. Καὶ γὰρ ἀκοὴ παρ' ἐκείνοις βαρεῖα, καὶ ὁρῶσιν ἀμβλὺ διὰ τοῦ ὕδατος βλέποντες, καὶ οὔτε τις μνήμη παρ' ἐκείνοις, οὔτε φαντασία, οὔτε τοῦ συνήθους ἐπίγνωσις. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οἱονεὶ ἐνδείκνυται ὁ λόγος, ὅτι ἡ σαρκικὴ ζωὴ τοῖς ἐνύδροις καθηγεῖται τῶν ψυχικῶν κινημάτων· ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν χερσαίων, ὡς τελειοτέρας αὐτῶν οὔσης τῆς ζωῆς, ἡ ψυχὴ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐπιτέτραπται πᾶσαν. Αἵ τε γὰρ αἰσθήσεις μᾶλλον τετράνωνται· καὶ ὀξεῖαι μὲν τῶν παρόντων αἱ ἀντιλήψεις· ἀκριβεῖς δὲ μνῆμαι τῶν παρελθόντων παρὰ τοῖς πλείστοις τῶν τετραπόδων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἐνύδρων σώματα ἐκτίσθη ἐψυχωμένα (ἑρπετὰ γὰρ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων παρήχθη), ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν χερσαίων ψυχὴ σώματα οἰκονομοῦσα προσετάχθη γενέσθαι, ὡς πλέον τι τῆς ζωτικῆς δυνάμεως τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς διαιτωμένων μετειλη φότων. Ἄλογα μὲν γὰρ, καὶ τὰ χερσαῖα· ἀλλ' ὅμως ἕκαστον τῇ ἐκ τῆς φύσεως φωνῇ πολλὰ τῶν κατὰ ψυχὴν παθημάτων διασημαίνει. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ