John Chrysostom, To the People of Antioch

to the most grievous one? he desponded, he did not remove the disease, but even made it more grievous. Do you see that grief is of no benefit in any of these things? Someone sinned, he was grieved? he wiped away the sin, he absolved the transgression. From where is this clear? From the declaration of the Lord; for speaking about someone who had sinned he said: On account of sin I grieved him for a little while, and I saw that he was grieved, and went his way sad, and I healed his 49.75 ways. For this reason Paul also said: But godly grief produces a repentance that leads to salvation without regret. Since, therefore, the argument has clearly shown that grief, when brought to bear, could not correct the loss of money, nor insult, nor false accusation, nor scourging, nor sickness, nor death, nor anything else of that sort, but can only wipe away sin, and is destructive of this, it is evident that it came into being for this alone. Let us then no longer grieve over the loss of money, but when we sin, let us grieve for that alone. For great is the gain from grief in this case. Have you suffered a loss? Do not be disheartened; for you will gain nothing. Have you sinned? Be grieved, for there is a benefit; and consider the understanding and wisdom of God. Sin bore for us these two things, grief and death; "For in whatever day you eat," he says, "you shall surely die"; and to the woman, "In pain you shall bring forth children." And through both of these He destroyed sin, and prepared for the mother to be destroyed by her own offspring. For that death, along with grief, destroys sin is clear both from the martyrs, and also clear from what Paul said to sinners, speaking thus: "For this reason many of you are weak and ill, and a number of you have fallen asleep"; because you sin, he says, you die, so that by death your sins may be dissolved. He then added, saying: "For if we judged ourselves, we would not be judged. But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we may not be condemned along with the world." And just as the worm is born from the wood, and consumes the wood, and the moth consumes the wool, having its origin from it; so grief and death were born from sin, and have devoured sin. Therefore let us not fear death, but let us fear sin alone, and grieve on account of it. And I say these things not because I expect anything terrible, may it not be so, but because I want you who fear to be always so disposed, and to fulfill the law of Christ in your deeds; "For if anyone does not take up his cross and follow me," he says, "he is not worthy of me." And he said this not that we should carry a piece of wood on our shoulders, but that we should always have death before our eyes, just as Paul died daily, and laughed at death, and looked down upon the present life. For you are a soldier, and you stand continually in the battle line; but a soldier who fears death will never accomplish anything noble; just as a Christian man who fears dangers will not accomplish anything great and wonderful, but in addition to this will also be easily overcome; but not the one who is daring and magnanimous, but he remains impregnable and unconquerable. Just as, then, the three youths who did not fear the fire, escaped the fire; so too shall we, if we do not fear death, escape death. They did not fear the fire, for being burned is not a crime; but they feared sin, for to act impiously is a crime. Let us also emulate these and all those like them, and let us not fear dangers, and we will escape dangers.

5. For I am not a prophet, nor a prophet's son, yet I know the future with precision, and I cry out with a great and clear voice, that if we should change, and take some care of our soul, and depart from wickedness, nothing unpleasant or grievous will happen. And this I know clearly from the love for mankind 49.76 of God and from what He has done for men and cities and nations and whole peoples. For indeed He threatened the city of the Ninevites, and said: "Yet three days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown." What then, tell me? Was Nineveh overthrown, and was the city overturned? Quite the contrary, indeed, it both rose up, and became more splendid, and time

χαλεπωτάτῃ; ἠθύμησε, τὴν νόσον οὐκ ἀνεῖλεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαλεπωτέραν ἐποίησεν. Ὁρᾷς ἐπ' οὐδενὶ τούτων ὠφελοῦσάν τι τὴν λύπην; Ἥμαρτέ τις, ἐλυπήθη; τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐξηφάνισεν, ἔλυσε τὸ πλημμέλημα. Πόθεν τοῦτο δῆλον; Ἀπὸ τῆς ἀποφάσεως τοῦ Κυρίου· περὶ γάρ τινος ἡμαρτηκότος διαλεγόμενος ἔλεγε· ∆ι' ἁμαρτίαν βραχύ τι ἐλύπησα αὐτὸν, καὶ εἶδον ὅτι ἐλυπήθη, καὶ ἐπορεύθη στυγνὸς, καὶ ἰασάμην τὰς 49.75 ὀδοὺς αὐτοῦ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἔφη· Ἡ δὲ κατὰ Θεὸν λύπη μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀμεταμέλητον κατεργάζεται. Οὐκοῦν ἐπειδὴ σαφῶς ὁ λόγος ἀπέδειξεν, ὅτι οὔτε ζημίαν χρημάτων, οὔθ' ὕβριν, οὔτ' ἐπήρειαν, οὔτε μάστιγας, οὔτ' ἀῤῥωστίαν, οὔτε θάνατον, οὔτ' ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων ἐπενεχθεῖσα λύπη διορθῶσαι δύναιτ' ἂν, ἀλλ' ἁμαρτίαν ἀφανίσαι μόνην, καὶ ταύτης ἐστὶν ἀναιρετικὴ, εὔδηλον ὅτι διὰ ταύτην ἐγένετο μόνην Μηκέτι οὖν ἐπὶ ζημίᾳ χρημάτων ἀλγῶμεν, ἀλλ' ὅταν ἁμαρτάνωμεν, ἀλγῶμεν μόνον. Πολὺ γὰρ τὸ κέρδος ἐνταῦθα ἀπὸ τῆς λύπης. Ἐζημιώθης; μὴ ἀθυμήσῃς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὠφελήσεις. Ἥμαρτες; λυπήθητι, ὄφελος γάρ· καὶ σκόπει σύνεσιν Θεοῦ καὶ σοφίαν. ∆ύο ταῦτα ἔτεκεν ἡμῖν ἡ ἁμαρτία, λύπην καὶ θάνατον· Ἧ γὰρ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγῃ, φησὶ, θανάτῳ ἀποθανῇ· καὶ πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα, Ἐν λύπαις τέξῃ τέκνα. Καὶ δι' ἀμφοτέρων τούτων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνεῖλε, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν τέκνων τὴν μητέρα ἀπολέσθαι παρεσκεύασεν. Ὅτι γὰρ μετὰ τῆς λύπης καὶ θάνατος ἁμαρτίαν ἀναιρεῖ, δῆλον μὲν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν μαρτύρων, δῆλον δὲ καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ Παῦλος εἶπε πρὸς ἁμαρτάνοντας, οὕτω λέγων· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἐν ὑμῖν πολλοὶ καὶ ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄῤῥωστοι, καὶ κοιμῶνται ἱκανοί· ἐπειδὴ ἁμαρτάνετε, φησὶ, τελευτᾶτε, ὥστε τῇ τελευτῇ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα διαλύσασθαι. Ἐπήγαγε γοῦν λέγων· Εἰ γὰρ ἑαυτοὺς διεκρίνομεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐκρινόμεθα, κρινόμενοι δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου παιδευόμεθα, ἵνα μὴ σὺν τῷ κόσμῳ κατακριθῶμεν. Καὶ καθάπερ ὁ σκώληξ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τίκτεται, καὶ κατεσθίει τὸ ξύλον, καὶ σὴς κατεσθίει τὸ ἔριον, παρ' αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχων· οὕτω λύπη καὶ θάνατος ἐτέχθησαν ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας. καὶ κατέφαγον τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Μὴ τοίνυν φοβώμεθα θάνατον, ἀλλὰ φοβώμεθα ἁμαρτίαν μόνον, καὶ δι' ἐκείνην ἀλγῶμεν. Καὶ ταῦτα λέγω οὐ δεινόν τι προσδοκῶν, μὴ γένοιτο, ἀλλὰ φοβουμένους ὑμᾶς οὕτως ἀεὶ διακεῖσθαι θέλων, καὶ τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ νόμον ἐπὶ τῶν ἔργων πληροῦν· Ἐὰν γάρ τις μὴ ἄρῃ τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθήσῃ μοι, φησὶν, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμοῦ ἄξιος. Τοῦτο δ' ἔλεγεν οὐχ ἵνα ξύλον βαστάζωμεν ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὸν θάνατον ἀεὶ πρὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἔχωμεν, καθάπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Παῦλος καθ' ἡμέραν ἀπέθνησκε, καὶ κατεγέλα τῆς τελευτῆς, καὶ τοῦ παρόντος ὑπερεώρα βίου. Καὶ γὰρ στρατιώτης εἶ, καὶ διηνεκῶς ἐπὶ τῆς παρατάξεως ἕστηκας· στρατιώτης δὲ θάνατον δεδοικὼς, οὐδὲν οὐδέποτ' ἐργάσεται γενναῖον· ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ Χριστιανὸς ἄνθρωπος κινδύνους φοβούμενος ἐργάσεταί τι μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ εὐχείρωτος ἔσται· ἀλλ' οὐχ ὁ τολμητὴς καὶ μεγαλόφρων, ἀλλ' ἀνάλωτος μένει καὶ ἀκαταγώνιστος. Καθάπερ οὖν οἱ παῖδες οἱ τρεῖς μὴ φοβηθέντες τὸ πῦρ, ἔφυγον τὸ πῦρ· οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἂν μὴ φοβηθῶμεν θάνατον, διαφευξόμεθα θάνατον. Οὐκ ἐφοβήθησαν δὲ τὸ πῦρ, οὐ γὰρ ἔγκλημα τὸ καῆναι· ἀλλὰ ἐφοβήθησαν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ἔγκλημα γὰρ τὸ ἀσεβῆσαι. Τούτους καὶ ἡμεῖς ζηλώσωμεν καὶ τοὺς κατ' ἐκείνους ἅπαντας, καὶ μὴ φοβώμεθα κινδύνους, καὶ διαφευξόμεθα κινδύνους.

εʹ. Οὐκ εἰμὶ μὲν γὰρ προφήτης, οὔθ' υἱὸς προφήτου, τὸ μέντοι μέλλον μετ' ἀκριβείας ἐπίσταμαι, καὶ μεγάλῃ καὶ λαμπρᾷ βοῶ τῇ φωνῇ, ὅτι εἰ μεταβαλλοίμεθα, καί τινα ἐπιμέλειαν τῆς ἡμετέρας ψυχῆς ποιησώμεθα, καὶ τῆς πονηρίας ἀποστῶμεν, οὐδὲν ἀηδὲς ἔσται καὶ λυπηρόν. Καὶ τοῦτο οἶδα σαφῶς ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ φιλ 49.76 ανθρωπίας καὶ ἀφ' ὧν καὶ εἰς ἄνδρας καὶ πόλεις καὶ ἔθνη καὶ δήμους ὁλοκλήρους ἐποίησε. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τῇ Νινευϊτῶν ἠπείλησε πόλει, καὶ εἶπεν· Ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι, καὶ Νινευῒ καταστραφήσεται. Τί οὖν, εἰπέ μοι; κατεστράφη ἡ Νινευῒ, καὶ ἀνετράπη ἡ πόλις; Τοὐναντίον μὲν οὖν ἅπαν, καὶ ἀνέστη, καὶ λαμπροτέρα γέγονε, καὶ χρόνος