John Chrysostom, On Matthew

to preside over all, since our city was the first to take upon itself the name of Christians; but in the contest of moderation, are you not ashamed to come off worse than even the more rustic cities? Yes, one says; and what do you bid us do? To take to the mountains and become monks? For this is why I groan, that you think decency and moderation are fitting for them alone; and yet Christ laid down the laws for all in common. For when He says, If any one look on a woman to lust after her, He is not speaking to the monk, but also to the man who has a wife; for that mountain was at that time filled with all such persons; Consider therefore that theater, and hate this diabolical one, and do not condemn the severity of my words. For I do not forbid marrying, nor do I hinder being delighted; but I wish this to be done with moderation, not with shame and accusation and countless charges. I am not legislating to take to the mountains and the deserts, but to be good and gentle and moderate, while living in the midst of the city. For all the laws are common to us and to the monks, except marriage; or rather, even in this Paul bids us in 57.82 to be equal to them in all things, saying: For the fashion of this world passes away, that they that have wives be as though they had none. Therefore, he says, I do not bid you take to the tops of the mountains; for I would have wished it, because the cities imitate the things that happened in Sodom; however, I do not compel this. Remain, having a house and children and a wife; but do not insult your wife, nor set a bad example for your children, nor bring into your house the ruin from the theaters. Do you not hear Paul saying? The husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife; and laying down common laws for both? But you, if your wife constantly enters the church, you become a harsh accuser; but when you yourself spend the whole day in theaters, you do not think you are worthy of accusation; but concerning your wife's moderation you are so strict, as to be even excessive and immoderate, and not even to allow her necessary outings; while for yourself you think everything is permitted. But Paul does not permit you, he who also gives the same authority to the wife, for: Let the husband, he says, render to the wife due honor. What then is this honor, when in the most vital matters you insult her, and give her body to harlots? For your body is hers; when you bring disturbances and wars into the house? when you do such things in the marketplace, which when recounting at home you shame the wife who hears you, and you shame the daughter who is present, and before them, yourself? For it is necessary either to be silent, or to behave in such unseemly ways, for which it would be just for even the servants to be whipped. What defense then will you have, tell me, watching with great eagerness things which it is not even good to speak of? preferring before all things what is not even tolerable to recount? For the time being then, so as not to become more burdensome, I will end my discourse here. But if you persist in the same things, having made the blade sharper, I will give a deeper cut; and I will not cease, until having scattered the devil's theater, I have made the assembly of the Church pure. For thus we shall both be delivered from the present shame, and shall reap the life to come, by the grace and love for mankind of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and power, for ever and ever. Amen. 57.81 HOMILY VIII. And when they were come into the house, they saw the young Child with Mary His mother; and they fell down and worshipped Him; and when they had opened their treasures, they presented unto Him gifts, gold, and frankincense, and myrrh. 1. How then does Luke say that He was lying in the manger? Because when she had given birth, she immediately laid Him there; for since many were coming together because of the census, 57.82 it was not possible to find a house; which indeed Luke also points out, saying that because there was no room, she laid Him down. But after these things, she took Him up, and held Him on her knees. For at the same time she arrived at Bethlehem, she also was delivered of her birth pangs; that you may learn from this too the whole economy, and that these things did not happen simply or by chance

προκαθῆσθαι πάσης, ἐπειδὴ πρώτη ἡ πόλις ἡμῶν τὸ τῶν Χριστιανῶν ἀνεδήσατο ὄνομα· ἐν δὲ τῷ τῆς σωφροσύνης ἀγῶνι, καὶ τῶν ἀγροικοτέρων πόλεων ἔλαττον φέροντες οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθε; Ναὶ, φησί· καὶ τί κελεύεις ποιεῖν; Τὰ ὄρη καταλαμβάνειν καὶ μοναχοὺς γίνεσθαι; ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο στένω, ὅτι μόνοις ἐκείνοις ἡγεῖσθε ἁρμόζειν κοσμιότητα καὶ σωφροσύνην· καίτοιγε ὁ Χριστὸς κοινοὺς τοὺς νόμους ἔθηκε. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν λέγῃ, Ἐάν τις ἐμβλέψῃ γυναικὶ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι, οὐ τῷ μονάζοντι λέγει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ γυναῖκα ἔχοντι· καὶ γὰρ τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖνο τότε πάντων τῶν τοιούτων πεπληρωμένον ἦν· Ἐννόησον τοίνυν ἐκεῖνο τὸ θέατρον, καὶ μίσησον τοῦτο τὸ διαβολικὸν, καὶ μὴ καταγνῷς τοῦ λόγου βαρύτητα. Οὐδὲ γὰρ κωλύω γαμεῖν, οὐδὲ ἐμποδίζω τέρπεσθαι· ἀλλὰ μετὰ σωφροσύνης τοῦτο βούλομαι γίνεσθαι, οὐ μετὰ αἰσχύνης καὶ κατηγορίας καὶ μυρίων ἐγκλημάτων. Οὐ νομοθετῶ τὰ ὄρη καταλαμβάνειν καὶ τὰς ἐρημίας, ἀλλὰ χρηστὸν εἶναι καὶ ἐπιεικῆ καὶ σώφρονα, μέσην οἰκοῦντα τὴν πόλιν. Καὶ γὰρ πάντα ἡμῖν τὰ τῶν νόμων κοινὰ πρὸς τοὺς μοναχούς ἐστι, πλὴν τοῦ γάμου· μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ κελεύει ὁ Παῦλος ἐν 57.82 ἅπασιν ἐξισοῦσθαι αὐτοῖς, λέγων· Παράγει γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, ἵνα καὶ οἱ ἔχοντες γυναῖκας ὡς μὴ ἔχοντες ὦσιν. Ὥστε, φησὶν, οὐ κελεύω τὰς κορυφὰς τῶν ὀρέων καταλαμβάνειν· ἐβουλόμην μὲν γὰρ, διὰ τὸ τὰς πόλεις μιμεῖσθαι τὰ ἐν Σοδόμοις γινόμενα· πλὴν οὐκ ἀναγκάζω τοῦτο. Μένε οἰκίαν ἔχων καὶ παιδία καὶ γυναῖκα· ἀλλὰ μὴ ὕβριζε τὴν γυναῖκα, μηδὲ παραδειγμάτιζε τὰ παιδία, μηδὲ εἴσαγε εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν θεάτρων λύμην. Οὐκ ἀκούεις Παύλου λέγοντος; Ὁ ἀνὴρ οὐκ ἐξουσιάζει τοῦ ἰδίου σώματος, ἀλλ' ἡ γυνή· καὶ κοινοὺς ἀμφοτέροις τιθέντος νόμους; Σὺ δὲ, ἂν μὲν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν συνεχῶς ἐμβάλλῃ ἡ γυνὴ, βαρὺς κατήγορος γίνῃ· αὐτὸς δὲ εἰς θέατρα διημερεύων, οὐχ ἡγῇ κατηγορίας ἄξιος εἶναι· ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τὴν τῆς γυναικὸς σωφροσύνην οὕτως εἶ ἀκριβὴς, ὡς καὶ περιττὸς εἶναι καὶ ἄμετρος, καὶ μηδὲ τὰς ἀναγκαίας ἐξόδους συγχωρεῖν· σαυτῷ δὲ νομίζεις πάντα ἐξεῖναι. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐπιτρέπει σοι Παῦλος, ὁ καὶ τῇ γυναικὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐξουσίαν διδοὺς, καὶ γάρ· Τῇ γυναικὶ, φησὶν, ὁ ἀνὴρ τὴν ὀφειλομένην τιμὴν ἀποδιδότω. Ποία οὖν αὕτη ἡ τιμὴ, ὅταν ἐν τοῖς καιρίοις αὐτὴν ὑβρίζῃς, καὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτῆς ταῖς πόρναις παρέχῃς; τὸ γὰρ σὸν ἐκείνης σῶμά ἐστιν· ὅταν θορύβους καὶ πολέμους εἰσάγῃς εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν; ὅταν τοιαῦτα ποιῇς ἐν ἀγορᾷ, ἃ διηγούμενος ἐν οἰκίᾳ καταισχύνεις μὲν τὴν ἀκούουσαν γυναῖκα, αἰσχύνεις δὲ τὴν παροῦσαν θυγατέρα, καὶ πρό γε ἐκείνων σαυτόν; Ἀνάγκη γὰρ ἢ σιγᾷν, ἢ τοιαῦτα ἀσχημονεῖν, ἐφ' οἷς καὶ τοὺς οἰκέτας μαστίζεσθαι δίκαιον. Τίνα οὖν ἕξεις ἀπολογίαν, εἰπέ μοι, ἃ μηδὲ εἰπεῖν καλὸν, ταῦτα βλέπων μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σπουδῆς; ἃ μηδὲ διηγήσασθαι ἀνεκτὸν, ταῦτα πάντων προτιθείς; Τέως μὲν οὖν, ὥστε μὴ γενέσθαι φορτικώτερος, ἐνταῦθα καταλύσω τὸν λόγον. Ἐὰν δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιμείνητε, ὀξύτερον τὸ σιδήριον ποιήσας, βαθυτέραν δώσω τὴν τομήν· καὶ οὐ παύσομαι, ἕως ἂν διασκεδάσας τοῦ διαβόλου τὸ θέατρον, καθαρὸν ποιήσω τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τὸν σύλλογον. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τῆς παρούσης αἰσχύνης ἀπαλλαγησόμεθα, καὶ τὴν μέλλουσαν καρπωσόμεθα ζωὴν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 57.81 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ηʹ. Καὶ εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν, εἶδον τὸ παι δίον μετὰ Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ· καὶ πε σόντες προσεκύνησαν αὐτῷ· καὶ ἀνοίξαντες τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῶν προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δῶ ρα, χρυσὸν, καὶ λίβανον, καὶ σμύρναν. αʹ. Πῶς οὖν φησιν ὁ Λουκᾶς, ὅτι ἐπὶ τῆς φάτνης κείμενον ἦν; Ὅτι τεκοῦσα μὲν εὐθέως αὐτὸ κατέκλινεν ἐκεῖ· ἅτε γὰρ πολλῶν συνιόντων διὰ τὴν ἀπογραφὴν, 57.82 οὐκ ἦν οἰκίαν εὑρεῖν· ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς ἐπισημαίνεται λέγων, ὅτι διὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι τόπον, ἀνέκλινεν αὐτόν. Μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀνείλετο, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν γονάτων εἶχεν. Ὁμοῦ τε γὰρ ἐπέβη τῆς Βηθλεὲμ, καὶ τὰς ὠδῖνας ἔλυσεν· ἵνα μάθῃς κἀντεῦθεν τὴν οἰκονομίαν πᾶσαν, ἃ καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲ ὡς ἔτυχε ταῦτα