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to you: Forty years was I grieved with this generation, and said, They do always err in their heart? Why then did God not turn away from you then, but after the infanticides, after the idolatries, after the great senselessness, after the unspeakable ingratitude, He both allowed the great Moses to be a prophet among you, and worked wonderful and extraordinary signs? And what happened to no other men, these things happened to you, with a cloud stretched out for you instead of a roof, and a pillar leading you instead of a lamp, and your enemies yielding to you of their own accord, the cities being captured almost at a shout. You had no need of weapons, nor of battle array, nor of a fight; but you only sounded the trumpets, and the walls were destroyed of their own accord. Your food was strange and extraordinary, and the prophet cries out, saying: He gave them the bread of heaven, man ate the bread of angels, he sent them food to the full. For what reason then, tell me, when you were then committing impiety, practicing idolatry, killing your children, stoning the prophets, working countless terrible things, did you enjoy such favor, such protection from God; but now, not practicing idolatry, nor killing your children, nor stoning prophets, you live in perpetual captivity? Was there a different God then, and a different one now? Is it not the same one who both administered those things, and works these things now? For what reason then, tell me, when the sins were greater, did you have great honor from God; but when you transgress less now, He has completely turned away from you, and handed you over to perpetual dishonor? For if He turns away from you now on account of your sins, much more ought He to have done so then; but if He endured you then when you were impious, much more ought He to endure you now, when you dare no such thing. For what48.907 reason then did He not endure you? And if you are ashamed to state the reason, I will speak it plainly; or rather, not I, but the very truth of the matter. Because you killed the Christ, because you stretched out your hands against the Lord, because you shed the precious blood, for this reason there is no correction for you, nor pardon henceforth, nor defense. For then the outrages were against servants, against Moses and Isaiah and Jeremiah; then even if some impiety occurred, still the chief of evils had not yet been dared. But now you have eclipsed all the old sins, and in no way have you left any excess of transgression untried through your madness against Christ; for which reason you are also punished more severely now. Since, if this is not the cause of your present dishonor, for what reason did God endure you then when you were killing your children, but turns away from you now when you dare no such thing? Is it not clear that you dared something far worse and greater than both child-murder and all lawlessness, by killing the Christ? γʹ. Will you then still endure to call him a deceiver and a lawbreaker, tell me; and will you not go away and bury yourselves somewhere, when you look upon so manifest a truth of the facts? For if Jesus was a deceiver, as you say, and a lawbreaker, you ought to have been approved, because you killed him. For if Phinehas, by killing a certain one, stopped the entire wrath against the nation; For 'Phinehas stood up,' it says, 'and made atonement, and the plague was stayed;' and he rescued so many impious men from the wrath of God by the single slaughter of a certain lawless man; much more ought this to have happened in your case, if indeed the one crucified by you was a lawbreaker. Why then was Phinehas, having killed a lawless man, justified and honored with the priesthood; but you, having crucified, as you say, a deceiver and one opposed to God, are not only not approved nor honored, but have also suffered things more grievous than when you were slaughtering your sons? Is it not very clear even to the extremely foolish, that, because you transgressed against the Savior and protector of the world, you are enduring such a penalty? And yet now you both abstain from defiled blood, and you keep the sabbaths; but then you also committed outrages against that very day. And God promised through Jeremiah to spare your city, if you would cease carrying burdens on the sabbath; but behold now

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πρὸς ὑμᾶς· Τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη προσώχθισα τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ, καὶ εἶπον, Ἀεὶ πλανῶνται τῇ καρδίᾳ; Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἀπεστράφη ὑμᾶς τότε ὁ Θεὸς, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὰς παιδοκτονίας, μετὰ τὰς εἰδωλολατρείας, μετὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγνωμοσύνην, μετὰ τὴν ἄφατον ἀχαριστίαν, καὶ προφήτην ἀφῆκεν εἶναι παρ' ὑμῖν τὸν μέγαν Μωϋσέα, καὶ σημεῖα εἰργάζετο θαυμαστὰ καὶ παράδοξα; Καὶ ἅπερ ἐπ' οὐδενὸς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐγένετο, ταῦτα ἐφ' ὑμῶν συνέβαινε, νεφέλης μὲν ὑμῖν ἀντὶ ὀρόφου τεταμένης, στύλου δὲ ἀντὶ λαμπάδος ὑμῖν προηγουμένου, καὶ τῶν πολεμίων αὐτομάτων ὑμῖν παραχωρούντων, τῶν πόλεων αὐτοβοεὶ σχεδὸν ἁλισκομένων Οὐχ ὅπλων ὑμῖν ἐδέησεν, οὐ παρατάξεως, οὐ μάχης· ἀλλ' ἐσαλπίσατε μόνον, καὶ τὰ τείχη αὐτόματα κατελύετο. Ξένη τις ἦν ὑμῖν ἡ τροφὴ καὶ παράδοξος, καὶ βοᾷ ὁ προφήτης λέγων· Ἄρτον οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, ἄρτον ἀγγέλων ἔφαγεν ἄνθρωπος, ἐπισιτισμὸν ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοῖς εἰς πλησμονήν. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, τότε μὲν ἀσεβοῦντες, εἰδωλολατροῦντες, παιδοκτονοῦντες, τοὺς προφήτας λιθάζοντες, μυρία ἐργαζόμενοι δεινὰ, τοσαύτης ἀπελαύετε εὐνοίας, τοσαύτης παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ προστασίας· νῦν δὲ οὐκ εἰδωλολατροῦντες, οὐδὲ παῖδας ἀποκτιννύντες, οὐδὲ προφήτας λιθάζοντες, ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ διάγετε διηνεκεῖ; Μὴ γὰρ ἕτερος ἦν τότε Θεὸς, καὶ ἕτερος νῦν; οὐχὶ ὁ αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ καὶ ἐκεῖνα οἰκονομῶν, καὶ ταῦτα νῦν ἐργαζόμενος; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, ὅτε μὲν μείζονα ἦν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, πολλὴ ἦν ὑμῖν ἡ τιμὴ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ· ὅτε δὲ ἐλάττονα πλημμελεῖτε νῦν, παντελῶς ὑμᾶς ἀπεστράφη, καὶ ἀτιμίᾳ παρέδωκε διηνεκεῖ; Εἰ γὰρ νῦν ὑμᾶς διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀποστρέφεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τότε ἐχρῆν· εἰ δὲ τότε ἠνείχετο ἀσεβούντων ὑμῶν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον νῦν ἀνασχέσθαι ἔδει, ὅτε οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον τολμᾶτε. Τί48.907 νος οὖν ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἠνέσχετο; Κἂν ὑμεῖς αἰσχύνησθε εἰπεῖν τὴν αἰτίαν, ἐγὼ φανερῶς ἐρῶ· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἐγὼ, ἀλλ' αὐτὴ τῶν πραγμάτων ἡ ἀλήθεια. Ἐπειδὴ τὸν Χριστὸν ἀπεκτείνατε, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τοῦ ∆εσπότου τὰς χεῖρας ἐξετείνατε, ἐπειδὴ τὸ αἷμα τὸ τίμιον ἐξεχέατε, διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστιν ὑμῖν διόρθωσις, οὐδὲ συγγνώμη λοιπὸν, οὐδὲ ἀπολογία. Τότε μὲν γὰρ εἰς δούλους ἦν τὰ τολμώμενα, εἰς Μωϋσέα καὶ Ἡσαΐαν καὶ Ἱερεμίαν· τότε εἰ καὶ ἀσέβειά τις ἐγένετο, ἀλλ' οὔπω τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν κακῶν ἦν τολμηθέν. Νυνὶ δὲ πάντα ἀπεκρύψατε τὰ παλαιὰ, οὐδενὶ δὲ τρόπῳ παρανομίας ὑπερβολὴν κατελίπετε διὰ τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν μανίας· διὸ καὶ μειζόνως κολάζεσθε νῦν. Ἐπεὶ, εἰ μὴ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ αἴτιον τῆς παρούσης ὑμῶν ἀτιμίας, τίνος ἕνεκεν παιδοκτονούντων μὲν ὑμῶν ὁ Θεὸς ἠνέσχετο τότε, μηδὲν δὲ τοιοῦτον τολμῶντας ἀποστρέφεται νῦν; Ἦ δῆλον ὅτι καὶ παιδοκτονίας καὶ πάσης παρανομίας πολλῷ χεῖρον ἐτολμήσατε καὶ μεῖζον, τὸν Χριστὸν ἀνελόντες. γʹ. Ἔτι οὖν ἀνέξεσθε πλάνον αὐτὸν καὶ παράνομον καλεῖν, εἴπατέ μοι· καὶ οὐκ ἀπελθόντες ἑαυτούς που κατορύξετε πρὸς οὕτω φανερὰν πραγμάτων ἀλήθειαν ἀντιβλέποντες; Εἰ γὰρ πλάνος ἦν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καθάπερ φατὲ, καὶ παράνομος, καὶ εὐδοκιμῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἐχρῆν, ὅτι αὐτὸν ἀπεκτείνατε. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Φινεὲς ἕνα τινὰ ἀνελὼν, ὁλόκληρον τὴν κατὰ τοῦ ἔθνους ὀργὴν ἔπαυσεν· Ἔστη γὰρ Φινεὲς, φησὶ, καὶ ἐξιλάσατο, καὶ ἐκόπασεν ἡ θραῦσις· καὶ τοσούτους ἀσεβήσαντας ἀνθρώπους ἐξήρπασε τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ μιᾷ σφαγῇ παρανόμου τινὸς ἀνδρός· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐφ' ὑμῶν τοῦτο γενέσθαι ἐχρῆν, εἴ γε παράνομος ἦν ὁ ὑφ' ὑμῶν σταυρωθείς. Τί δήποτε οὖν ὁ μὲν Φινεὲς ἄνδρα παράνομον ἀνελὼν ἐδικαιοῦτο, καὶ ἱερωσύνῃ ἐτιμᾶτο· ὑμεῖς δὲ, ὡς φατὲ, πλάνον καὶ ἀντίθεόν τινα σταυρώσαντες, οὐ μόνον οὐκ εὐδοκιμεῖτε οὐδὲ τιμᾶσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ χαλεπώτερα ἐπάθετε, ἢ ὅτε τοὺς υἱοὺς ὑμῶν ἐσφάττετε; οὐκ εὔδηλον καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα ἀνοήτοις, ὅτι, ἐπειδὴ εἰς τὸν Σωτῆρα καὶ προστάτην τῆς οἰκουμένης παρηνομήσατε, τοιαύτην ὑπομένετε δίκην; Καίτοι γε νῦν καὶ αἱμάτων ἀπέχεσθε μιαρῶν, καὶ σάββατα τηρεῖτε· τότε δὲ καὶ εἰς αὐτὴν ἐνυβρίζετε τὴν ἡμέραν. Καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐπηγγέλλετο διὰ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου, φείδεσθαι τῆς πόλεως ὑμῶν, εἰ παύσοισθε αἴροντες βαστάγματα ἐν σαββάτῳ· ἀλλ' ἰδοὺ νῦν