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let us proceed with the history. 3.32.1 After Nero and Domitian, during the time of this one whose period we are now examining, it is said that the persecution against us was stirred up partially and city by city through popular uprisings; in which we have received that Symeon, the son of Clopas, whom we showed was appointed the second bishop of the church in Jerusalem, ended his life by martyrdom. 3.32.2 And the witness of this is that very man whose diverse utterances we have already used before, Hegesippus; who, while writing about certain heretics, adds, showing that at this time the aforementioned one, having endured accusation from these, as a Christian was tortured in many ways for many days, and greatly amazed both the judge himself and those around him, and bore an end similar to the passion of the Lord. 3.32.3 But there is nothing like hearing the writer himself, who records these very things word for word something like this: «From these heretics, that is, certain ones accuse Simon son of Clopas of being from David and a Christian, and thus he bore witness, being 120 years old, in the time of Trajan Caesar and the consular Atticus.» 3.32.4 And the same man says that it so happened that his accusers, since those of the royal tribe of the Jews were being sought at that time, were also seized as being from among them. And by reasoning, one might say that Symeon was one of the eyewitnesses and hearers of the Lord, using as proof the length of his life and the mention in the Gospel scripture of Mary the wife of Clopas, of whom the account has already shown him to be the son. 3.32.5 And the same writer says that other descendants of one of the so-called brothers of the Savior, whose name was Judas, survived into the same reign after their testimony for faith in Christ before Domitian, which has already been related before, and he writes thus: 3.32.6 «They come therefore and preside over every church as martyrs and from the family of the Lord, and when a profound peace came in every church, they remain until Trajan Caesar, until the time when the one from the Lord’s uncle, the aforementioned Simon son of Clopas, having been falsely accused by the heresies, was likewise himself accused for the same reason before Atticus the consular. And having been tortured for many days he bore witness, so that all, including the consular, were greatly amazed at how, being 120 years old, he endured, and he was ordered to be crucified». 3.32.7 In addition to these things, the same man, relating the events concerning the ones mentioned, adds that until that time the Church remained a pure and uncorrupted virgin, since those who attempted to corrupt the sound rule of the saving proclamation, if any such existed, were lurking in some obscure darkness. 3.32.8 But when the sacred choir of the apostles had met a diverse end of life, and that generation of those who had been deemed worthy to hear with their own ears the divine wisdom had passed away, at that time the conspiracy of godless error took its start through the deceit of false teachers, who, as none of the apostles now remained, from that point on attempted with bared head to preach against the proclamation of the truth the knowledge which is falsely so-called. 3.33.1 And indeed the persecution against us at that time intensified in many places, to such an extent that Plinius Secundus, a most distinguished of governors, being moved by the number of the martyrs, communicated with the emperor about the multitude of those being put to death for the faith, and at the same time informed him that he had found them doing nothing wicked or contrary to the laws, except for rising at dawn to sing hymns to Christ as to a god, and that they themselves forbade adultery and murder and similar unlawful offenses, and did all things in accordance with the laws; 3.33.2 to which Trajan set forth a decree of this sort, that the tribe of Christians was not to be sought out, but if they were met with, they should be punished; through which the fiercely pressing threat of the persecution was somewhat quenched, but no less for those who wished to do us evil

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προΐωμεν ἱστορίαν. 3.32.1 Μετὰ Νέρωνα καὶ ∆ομετιανὸν κατὰ τοῦτον οὗ νῦν τοὺς χρόνους ἐξετάζομεν, μερικῶς καὶ κατὰ πόλεις ἐξ ἐπαναστάσεως δήμων τὸν καθ' ἡμῶν κατέχει λόγος ἀνακινηθῆναι διωγμόν· ἐν ᾧ Συμεῶνα τὸν τοῦ Κλωπᾶ, ὃν δεύτερον καταστῆναι τῆς ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐκκλησίας ἐπίσκοπον ἐδηλώσαμεν, μαρτυρίῳ 3.32.2 τὸν βίον ἀναλῦσαι παρειλήφαμεν. καὶ τούτου μάρτυς αὐτὸς ἐκεῖνος, οὗ διαφόροις ἤδη πρότερον ἐχρησάμεθα φωναῖς, Ἡγήσιππος· ὃς δὴ περί τινων αἱρετικῶν ἱστορῶν, ἐπιφέρει δηλῶν ὡς ἄρα ὑπὸ τούτων κατὰ τόνδε τὸν χρόνον ὑπομείνας κατηγορίαν, πολυτρόπως ὁ δηλούμενος ὡς ἂν Χριστιανὸς ἐπὶ πλείσταις αἰκισθεὶς ἡμέραις αὐτόν τε τὸν δικαστὴν καὶ τοὺς ἀμφ' αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ μέγιστα καταπλήξας, τῷ τοῦ κυρίου πάθει παραπλήσιον 3.32.3 τέλος ἀπηνέγκατο· οὐδὲν δὲ οἷον καὶ τοῦ συγγραφέως ἐπακοῦσαι, αὐτὰ δὴ ταῦτα κατὰ λέξιν ὧδέ πως ἱστοροῦντος· «ἀπὸ τούτων δηλαδὴ τῶν αἱρετικῶν κατηγοροῦσί τινες Σίμωνος τοῦ Κλωπᾶ ὡς ὄντος ἀπὸ ∆αυὶδ καὶ Χριστιανοῦ, καὶ οὕτως μαρτυρεῖ ἐτῶν ὢν ρκʹ ἐπὶ Τραϊανοῦ Καίσαρος καὶ ὑπατικοῦ Ἀττικοῦ.» 3.32.4 φησὶν δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς ὡς ἄρα καὶ τοὺς κατηγόρους αὐτοῦ, ζητου μένων τότε τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς Ἰουδαίων φυλῆς, ὡς ἂν ἐξ αὐτῶν ὄντας ἁλῶναι συνέβη. λογισμῷ δ' ἂν καὶ τὸν Συμεῶνα τῶν αὐτοπτῶν καὶ αὐτηκόων εἴποι ἄν τις γεγονέναι τοῦ κυρίου, τεκμηρίῳ τῷ μήκει τοῦ χρόνου τῆς αὐτοῦ ζωῆς χρώμενος καὶ τῷ μνημονεύειν τὴν τῶν εὐαγγελίων γραφὴν Μαρίας τῆς τοῦ Κλωπὰ, οὗ γεγονέναι αὐτὸν καὶ πρότερον ὁ λόγος ἐδήλωσεν. 3.32.5 ὁ δ' αὐτὸς συγγραφεὺς καὶ ἑτέρους ἀπογόνους ἑνὸς τῶν φερομένων ἀδελφῶν τοῦ σωτῆρος, ᾧ ὄνομα Ἰούδας, φησὶν εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιβιῶναι βασιλείαν μετὰ τὴν ἤδη πρότερον ἱστορηθεῖσαν αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν πίστεως ἐπὶ ∆ομετιανοῦ μαρτυρίαν, γράφει δὲ οὕτως· 3.32.6 «ἔρχονται οὖν καὶ προηγοῦνται πάσης ἐκκλησίας ὡς μάρτυρες καὶ ἀπὸ γένους τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ γενομένης εἰρήνης βαθείας ἐν πάσῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ, μένουσι μέχρι Τραϊανοῦ Καίσαρος, μέχρις οὗ ὁ ἐκ θείου τοῦ κυρίου, ὁ προειρημένος Σίμων υἱὸς Κλωπᾶ, συκοφαντηθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν αἱρέσεων ὡσαύτως κατηγορήθη καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ ἐπὶ Ἀττικοῦ τοῦ ὑπατικοῦ. καὶ ἐπὶ πολλαῖς ἡμέραις αἰκιζόμενος ἐμαρτύρησεν, ὡς πάντας ὑπερθαυμάζειν καὶ τὸν ὑπατικὸν πῶς ρκʹ τυγχάνων ἐτῶν ὑπέμεινεν, καὶ ἐκελεύσθη σταυρωθῆναι». 3.32.7 ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνὴρ διηγούμενος τὰ κατὰ τοὺς δηλουμένους, ἐπιλέγει ὡς ἄρα μέχρι τῶν τότε χρόνων παρθένος καθαρὰ καὶ ἀδιάφθορος ἔμεινεν ἡ ἐκκλησία, ἐν ἀδήλῳ που σκότει ὡς εἰ φωλευόντων εἰς ἔτι τότε τῶν, εἰ καί τινες ὑπῆρχον, παραφθείρειν ἐπιχειρούντων τὸν ὑγιῆ κανόνα τοῦ σωτηρίου 3.32.8 κηρύγματος· ὡς δ' ὁ ἱερὸς τῶν ἀποστόλων χορὸς διάφορον εἰλήφει τοῦ βίου τέλος παρεληλύθει τε ἡ γενεὰ ἐκείνη τῶν αὐταῖς ἀκοαῖς τῆς ἐνθέου σοφίας ἐπακοῦσαι κατηξιωμένων, τηνικαῦτα τῆς ἀθέου πλάνης ἀρχὴν ἐλάμβανεν ἡ σύστασις διὰ τῆς τῶν ἑτεροδιδασκάλων ἀπάτης, οἳ καὶ ἅτε μηδενὸς ἔτι τῶν ἀποστόλων λειπομένου, γυμνῇ λοιπὸν ἤδη κεφαλῇ τῷ τῆς ἀληθείας κηρύγματι τὴν ψευδώνυμον γνῶσιν ἀντικηρύττειν ἐπεχείρουν. 3.33.1 Τοσοῦτός γε μὴν ἐν πλείοσι τόποις ὁ καθ' ἡμῶν ἐπετάθη τότε διωγμός, ὡς Πλίνιον Σεκοῦνδον, ἐπισημότατον ἡγεμόνων, ἐπὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν μαρτύρων κινηθέντα, βασιλεῖ κοινώσασθαι περὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ἀναιρουμένων, ἅμα δ' ἐν ταὐτῷ μηνῦσαι μηδὲν ἀνόσιον μηδὲ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους πράττειν αὐτοὺς κατειληφέναι, πλὴν τό γε ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ διεγειρομένους τὸν Χριστὸν θεοῦ δίκην ὑμνεῖν, τὸ δὲ μοιχεύειν καὶ φονεύειν καὶ τὰ συγγενῆ τούτοις ἀθέμιτα πλημμελήματα καὶ αὐτοὺς ἀπαγορεύειν 3.33.2 πάντα τε πράττειν ἀκολούθως τοῖς νόμοις· πρὸς ἃ τὸν Τραϊανὸν δόγμα τοιόνδε τεθεικέναι, τὸ Χριστιανῶν φῦλον μὴ ἐκζητεῖσθαι μέν, ἐμπεσὸν δὲ κολάζεσθαι· δι' οὗ ποσῶς μὲν τοῦ διωγμοῦ σβεσθῆναι τὴν ἀπειλὴν σφοδρότατα ἐγκειμένην, οὐ χεῖρόν γε μὴν τοῖς κακουργεῖν περὶ ἡμᾶς ἐθέλουσιν