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the image and the bearing of so great a man moved and encouraged them to this.7 Divine providence will keep you safe, beloved brethren.” 3.2.7 In accordance with this letter of the emperor, Athanasius, having obtained his return, administered the churches throughout Egypt. But all who held the opinions of Arius considered this a terrible thing and could not remain quiet. From this, continuous seditions were stirred up, which indeed provided a pretext again for other plots against Athanasius. 3.2.8 For the party of Eusebius eagerly slandered him to the emperor as being seditious and as having permitted his own return contrary to the laws of the church, without a judgment of bishops. But how he was again driven from Alexandria by their plotting, I will presently relate in its proper order. 3.2. About this time, when Eusebius Pamphili died, Acacius succeeded to the episcopate in Caesarea of Palestine. He, having the zeal of Eusebius himself and having been instructed by him in the sacred writings, became capable in understanding and elegant in expression, so as to leave behind many writings 3.2.10 worthy of note. Not long after, the emperor Constantine, having waged war against his own brother Constans, was killed near Aquileia by his own generals. And the rule of the Romans devolved, in the west to Constans, and in the east to Constantius. 3.3.1 Meanwhile, when Alexander had died, Paul succeeded to the priesthood of Constantinople, as those who hold the opinions of Arius and Macedonius say, having procured it for himself against the will of Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia, and Theodore of Heraclea 3.3.2 in Thrace, to whom as neighbors the ordination belonged; but as the common account holds, by the testimony of Alexander, whom he succeeded, he was ordained by the bishops who were present in the city. For Alexander, being already ninety-eight years old, and having passed twenty-three of these courageously in the episcopate, when he was about to die, and his clergy asked him to whom the church should be entrusted after him, “If you seek one who is good in divine matters and at the same time skilled in teaching,” he said, “you have Paul; but if for external affairs and for 3.3.3 associations with rulers, Macedonius is better.” But that both were testified to by Alexander even the partisans of Macedonius agree, but they say that Paul was clever in affairs and words, while they attribute the testimony concerning his life to Macedonius, and they slander Paul as having been devoted to luxury 3.3.4 and an indifferent life. At any rate, it appears from the agreement of all that Paul was an eloquent man and a brilliant teacher in the church, but the facts testify that he handled the vicissitudes of life and dealings with those in power poorly; for he did not foil any plot of those who rose up against him, as those who are clever in such matters would likely have done. 3.3.5 But although he was exceedingly loved by the multitude, he suffered badly through the perversity of those who at that time were rejecting the doctrine that prevailed at Nicaea. And at first, having undergone accusation as one who had not lived well, he was cast out of the church of Constantinople, and finally he was also condemned to live in exile, where it is said he died miserably by strangulation, his enemies having contrived his murder. But these things happened later. 3.4.1 But at the present time, on account of this ordination, a very great disturbance seized the church of Constantinople. For while Alexander was alive, those who held the opinions of Arius did not act with much boldness; and the people, looking to him, were led and glorified God, and especially after the unexpected calamity of Arius, who they believed had died thus, as has been said, by divine wrath in accordance with the curses 3.4.2 of Alexander. But when he died, the multitude was divided in two and openly engaged in disputes and conflict over doctrines. And there was an eagerness on the part of those who followed Arius for Macedonius to be ordained, but on the part of those who glorified the Son as consubstantial with the Father for Paul to be bishop; and this latter prevailed. After

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εἰκὼν καὶ τὸ τηλικούτου ἀνδρὸς σχῆμα εἰς τοῦτο "7ἐκίνει καὶ προέτρεπεν. ἡ θεία πρόνοια ὑμᾶς διαφυλάξει, ἀδελφοὶ ἀγαπητοί.» 3.2.7 Κατὰ ταύτην τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως γραφὴν τῆς καθόδου τυχὼν ᾿Αθανάσιος τὰς κατ' Αἴγυπτον ἐκκλησίας διεῖπεν. ὅσοι δὲ τὰ ᾿Αρείου ἐφρόνουν, δεινὸν τοῦτο ἐποιοῦντο καὶ ἠρεμεῖν οὐκ ἠνείχοντο. ἐντεῦθέν τε συνεχεῖς ἀνεκινοῦντο στάσεις, ὃ δὴ πρόφασιν πάλιν κατὰ ᾿Αθανασίου παρέσχεν ἑτέρων 3.2.8 ἐπιβουλῶν. οἱ γὰρ ἀμφὶ τὸν Εὐσέβιον σπουδῇ πρὸς βασιλέα διέβαλλον αὐτὸν ὡς στασιώδη καὶ παρὰ τοὺς νόμους τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἑαυτῷ τὴν κάθοδον ἐπιτρέψαντα δίχα κρίσεως ἐπισκόπων. ἀλλ' ὅπως μὲν ἐκ τῆς τούτων ἐπιβουλῆς αὖθις ἐξηλάθη τῆς ᾿Αλεξανδρείας, αὐτίκα δὴ κατὰ τὴν οἰκείαν ἐρῶ τάξιν. 3.2. Περὶ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Εὐσεβίου τοῦ Παμφίλου τελευτήσαντος διαδέχεται τὴν ἐν Καισαρείᾳ τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἐπισκοπὴν ᾿Ακάκιος. ὃς πρὸς αὐτὸν Εὐσέβιον τὸν ζῆλον ἔχων καὶ ὑπ' αὐτῷ τοὺς ἱεροὺς παιδευθεὶς λόγους ἱκανός τε νοεῖν καὶ φράζειν ἀστεῖος ἐγένετο, ὡς καὶ πολλὰ συγγράμματα 3.2.10 λόγου ἄξια καταλιπεῖν. οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν δὲ καὶ Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ βασιλεὺς πόλεμον ἐπαγαγὼν Κώνσταντι τῷ ἰδίῳ ἀδελφῷ, περὶ ᾿Ακυλίαν κτίννυται παρὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ ἡγεμόνων. περιίσταται δὲ τῆς ῾Ρωμαίων ἀρχῆς τὰ μὲν πρὸς δύσιν εἰς Κώνσταντα, τὰ δὲ πρὸς ἕω εἰς Κωνστάντιον. 3.3.1 ᾿Εν τούτῳ δὲ ᾿Αλεξάνδρου τετελευτηκότος διεδέξατο Παῦλος τὴν Κωνσταντινουπόλεως ἱερωσύνην, ὡς μὲν λέγουσιν οἱ τὰ ᾿Αρείου καὶ Μακε-δονίου φρονοῦντες, ἑαυτῷ ταύτην πραγματευσάμενος παρὰ γνώμην Εὐσεβίου τοῦ Νικομηδείας ἐπισκόπου καὶ Θεοδώρου τοῦ <τῆς> ἐν Θρᾴκῃ ῾Ηρα3.3.2 κλείας, οἷς ὡς γείτοσιν ἡ χειροτονία διέφερεν· ὡς δὲ πολὺς ἔχει λόγος, μαρτυρίᾳ ᾿Αλεξάνδρου, ὃν διεδέξατο, ἐχειροτονήθη παρὰ τῶν ἐνδημούντων τῇ πόλει ἐπισκόπων. ἤδη γὰρ ὀκτὼ καὶ ἐνενήκοντα ἄγων ἐνιαυτοὺς ὁ ᾿Αλέξανδρος, ἐκ τούτων δὲ εἴκοσι τρεῖς ἐν τῇ ἐπισκοπῇ ἀνδρείως διαγενόμενος, ἐπειδὴ τελευτᾶν ἔμελλε, πυνθανομένων αὐτοῦ τῶν κληρικῶν, τίνι μετ' αὐτὸν ἐπιτρεπτέον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, «εἰ μὲν ἀγαθὸν τὰ θεῖα διδακτικόν τε ἅμα ἐπιζητεῖτε», ἔφη, «Παῦλον ἔχετε· εἰ δὲ πρὸς τὰ ἔξω πράγματα καὶ τὰς 3.3.3 συνουσίας τῶν ἀρχόντων, ἀμείνων Μακεδόνιος.» ἀλλ' ἑκάτερον μεμαρτυρῆσθαι παρὰ ᾿Αλεξάνδρου καὶ οἱ Μακεδονίου ἐπαινέται συνομολογοῦσι, περὶ δὲ πράγματα καὶ λόγους δεινὸν γεγενῆσθαι λέγουσι τὸν Παῦλον, τὴν δὲ περὶ τοῦ βίου μαρτυρίαν Μακεδονίῳ ἀνατιθέασι, Παῦλον δὲ περὶ τρυφὴν 3.3.4 καὶ βίον ἀδιάφορον ἐσχολακέναι διαβάλλουσι. φαίνεται γοῦν ἐκ τῆς πάντων ὁμολογίας ἐλλόγιμον ἄνδρα γεγενῆσθαι τὸν Παῦλον καὶ ἐπὶ ἐκκλησίας διδάξαι λαμπρόν, πρὸς δὲ τὰς περιπετείας τοῦ βίου καὶ τὰς ὁμιλίας τῶν ἐν δυνάμει φαύλως αὐτὸν ἐσχηκέναι μαρτυρεῖ τὰ πράγματα· οὐδεμίαν γὰρ ἐπιβουλὴν τῶν ἐπαναστάντων αὐτῷ, ὡς εἰκὸς τοὺς περὶ ταῦτα δεινούς, διέλυσεν. 3.3.5 ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους ὑπερφυῶς φιλούμενος κακῶς ἔπαθε σκαιωρίᾳ τῶν τότε ἀναινομένων τὸ ἐν Νικαίᾳ κρατῆσαν δόγμα. καὶ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα, ὡς οὐκ εὖ βεβιωκὼς γραφὴν ὑπομείνας, ἐξεβλήθη τῆς ἐκκλησίας Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, τελευτῶν δὲ καὶ ὑπερορίαν οἰκεῖν κατεδικάσθη, ᾗ καὶ τεθνάναι ἐλεεινῶς δι' ἀγχόνης λέγεται μηχανησαμένων αὐτῷ φόνον τῶν ἐπιβούλων. ἀλλὰ τάδε μὲν ὕστερον συνέβη. 3.4.1 ᾿Εν δὲ τῷ νῦν διὰ ταύτην τὴν χειροτονίαν μεγίστη ταραχὴ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Κωνσταντινουπόλεως ἔσχεν. ἐν ᾧ γὰρ περιῆν ᾿Αλέξανδρος, οὐ πολλὴν παρ-ρησίαν ἦγον ὅσοι τὰ ᾿Αρείου ἐφρόνουν· καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ λαὸς βλέπων ἤγοντο καὶ τὸ θεῖον ἐδόξαζον, καὶ μάλιστα μετὰ τὴν ἀδόκητον ᾿Αρείου συμφοράν, ὃν οὕτως ἀποθανεῖν, ὡς εἴρηται, κατὰ θεομηνίαν ἐπίστευον ταῖς 3.4.2 ᾿Αλεξάνδρου ἀραῖς. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε, διχῇ διακριθὲν τὸ πλῆθος εἰς ἔριδας δογμάτων εἰς τὸ φανερὸν καθίσταντο καὶ μάχην. σπουδὴ δὲ ἐγένετο τοῖς μὲν τὰ ᾿Αρείου ζηλοῦσι Μακεδόνιον χειροτονεῖσθαι, τοῖς δὲ ὁμοούσιον τῷ πατρὶ τὸν υἱὸν δοξάζουσι Παῦλον ἐπισκοπεῖν· καὶ τοῦτο ἐκράτει. μετὰ