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how they were delivered to punishments under a rock and a wheel? And it is possible to say many things about these matters for the presentation of our faith, and for a refutation against them. 86.1 But also those who come from the heresies sing things akin to these and consonant with unbelief in that some of the heretics, the Manichaeans I mean, say there will be a resurrection not of the body, but of the soul, and likewise also the aforementioned Greeks believe and hold the same opinion, so that their argument is nonsensical 86.2 rather than put forth from understanding. For if the heresies speak of a resurrection and hold that there is a resurrection at all, but define this in relation to souls, such a thing is foolish. For how will a soul that has not fallen rise again? For we do not bury souls in the 86.3 tombs, but bodies. For souls do not fall, but flesh does; just as custom is wont to call dead bodies "fallen ones." Therefore, if a resurrection is confessed among them, it is clear to everyone that 86.4 it is not of the soul, but of the body that has fallen. But again the Greeks are refuted, who deny the resurrection entirely. For carrying foods and drinks to the tombs on the days called "public," they burn the foodstuffs as whole offerings and pour out the wines as libations, in no way helping the dead, but rather harming themselves. 86.5 Nevertheless, they are compelled by custom to confess the resurrection of the dead. For they go to where the bodies of the deceased were placed and call out to the buried dead by name: 86.6 "Arise," they say, "so-and-so, eat and drink and be merry." And if they believe that the souls remain there, where the remains of the deceased are buried, such an expectation concerning the souls is a good one; for they remain for the coming day and the resurrection of the new birth, until they receive back their composite and yoked bodies, even if the children of the Greeks detest the flesh as being base and completely perishing and having no hope 86.7 of coming back to life. But if they do not do this in this manner, for what reason, by confining to tombs the souls which are better than the substance of bodies, do they rather subject them to condemnation in their opinion, defining that they should attend upon the deceased remains? Or for what expec86.8tation of hope do they come, let them say? But it is clear that they do not think souls are in tombs, but in certain storehouses appointed by God for each soul, according to the worth of what they did and how they lived in life; but the bodies, each with his own hands laid his neighbor's in the repositories of the bodies, or rather, bones. And it would be foolish for this one opinion and its consequence, as is confessed from all quarters, to exist among all people, but for the unbelievers, on the contrary, to deny the true things and for the things possible with God not to be confirmed as hopes among them. 87.1 But I think enough has been said about these things, since we have set forth a few 87.2 examples out of many. But concerning those who seem to be Christians, but follow Origen, and who confess the resurrection of the dead, both of our flesh and of the body of that holy Lord which was taken from Mary, but say that this flesh is not raised, but another is given from God in its place, how could we not say that they have a more impious and more foolish opinion than the suspicion 87.3 among the Greeks and the other heresies? For in the first place, if another is raised in place of this one according to their argument, the judgment of God is not just according to their tale, judging another flesh in place of the one that sinned or bringing another body

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πῶς ὑπὸ πέτραν καὶ τροχὸν τιμωρίαις παρεδίδοντο; καὶ πολλὰ ἔστιν περὶ τούτων λέγειν εἰς παράστασιν τῆς ἐν ἡμῖν πίστεως, ἔλεγχον δὲ τὸν πρὸς αὐτούς. 86.1 Ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἐκ τῶν αἱρέσεων ὁρμώμενοι ἀδελφὰ τούτοις ᾄδουσι καὶ συνῳδὰ τῆς ἀπιστίας ἐν τῷ τινὰς μὲν τῶν αἱρετικῶν, τῶν Μανιχαίων φημί, λέγειν οὐ σώματος, ἀλλὰ ψυχῆς ἀνάστασιν ἔσεσθαι, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τοὺς προειρημένους Ἕλληνας τὸ αὐτὸ νομίζειν τε καὶ συνδοξάζειν, ὡς εἶναι τὸν λόγον αὐτῶν ληρώδη 86.2 μᾶλλον ἤπερ ἐκ συνέσεως προβαλλόμενον. ἐὰν γὰρ ἀνάστασιν εἴπωσιν αἱ αἱρέσεις καὶ ὅλως ἀνάστασιν ἡγοῦνται, περὶ ψυχῶν δὲ τοῦτο ὁρίζωνται, εὔηθές ἐστι τὸ τοιοῦτον. πῶς γὰρ ψυχὴ ἀναστήσεται ἡ μὴ πεπτωκυῖα; οὐ γὰρ θάπτομεν τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν τοῖς 86.3 μνημείοις, ἀλλὰ τὰ σώματα. ψυχαὶ γὰρ οὐ πίπτουσιν, ἀλλ' αἱ σάρκες· ὡς καὶ ἡ συνήθεια εἴωθε καλεῖν τὰ νεκρὰ σώματα πτώματα. τοίνυν εἰ ἀνάστασις παρ' αὐτοῖς ὁμολογεῖται, παντί τῳ δῆλόν ἐστιν ὅτι 86.4 οὐ ψυχῆς, ἀλλὰ σώματος τοῦ πεπτωκότος. Ἕλληνες δὲ πάλιν ἐλέγχονται οἱ τὸ πᾶν τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀρνούμενοι. ἀποφέροντες γὰρ εἰς τὰ μνήματα βρώματά τε καὶ πόματα ἐν ταῖς πανδήμοις καλουμέναις ἡμέραις ὁλοκαυτοῦσι μὲν τὰ ἐδέσματα σπένδουσι δὲ τοὺς οἴνους, μηδὲν μὲν τοὺς νεκροὺς ὠφελοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς δὲ μᾶλλον βλάπτοντες. 86.5 πλὴν ἀναγκάζονται ἀπὸ τῆς συνηθείας ὁμολογεῖν τὴν τῶν νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν. ἔνθα γὰρ ἐτέθη τὰ σώματα τῶν τελευτησάντων παραγίνονται καὶ προσφωνοῦσι τοῖς τεθαμμένοις νεκροῖς ἐξ ὀνόματος· 86.6 ἀνάστα, φάσκοντες, ὁ δεῖνα, φάγε καὶ πίε καὶ εὐφράνθητι. καὶ εἰ μὲν τὰς ψυχὰς ἐκεῖσε νομίζουσιν ἐμπαραμένειν, ἔνθα τὰ λείψανα τῶν τελευτησάντων τέθαπται, ἀγαθή τις τοιαύτη περὶ τῶν ψυχῶν προσδοκία· ἐμπαραμένουσι γὰρ τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν μέλλουσαν καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τῆς παλιγγενεσίας, ἕως τὰ σύνθετα καὶ σύζυγα αὐτῶν ἀπολάβωσι σώματα, εἰ καὶ βδελύττονται οἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων παῖδες τὴν σάρκα ὡς φαύλην οὖσαν καὶ τέλεον ἀφανιζομένην καὶ ἐλπίδα μὴ 86.7 ἔχουσαν ἀναβιώσεως. εἰ δὲ μὴ τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ τοῦτο ποιοῦσι, τίνι τῷ λόγῳ τὰς βελτίους ψυχὰς τῆς τῶν σωμάτων οὐσίας μνήμασιν ἐγκαταδέοντες καταδίκῃ μᾶλλον περιβάλλουσι τῇ ὑπολήψει, ὁριζόμενοι αὐτὰς προσεδρεύειν τοῖς τετελευτηκόσι λειψάνοις; ἢ ἐπὶ ποίᾳ προσ86.8 δοκίᾳ ἐλπίδος παραγίνονται, λεγέτωσαν; ἀλλὰ δῆλον ὅτι οὐ τὰς ψυχὰς νομίζουσιν εἶναι ἐν μνήμασιν, ἀλλ' ἐν ταμιείοις τισὶν ἐκ θεοῦ ἑκάστῃ ψυχῇ ἀποτεταγμένοις, κατ' ἀξίαν ὧν ἐν βίῳ ἔδρασάν τε καὶ ἐπολιτεύσαντο· τὰ δὲ σώματα ἰδίαις χερσὶν ἕκαστος τοῦ πέλας ἐν ταῖς θήκαις τῶν σωμάτων εἴτουν ὀστέων κατέθεντο. εὔηθες δ' ἂν εἴη παρὰ πᾶσιν εἶναι τὴν μίαν ὑπόληψιν τούτων καὶ ἀκολουθίαν ὡς ἐκ πανταχόθεν ὡμολόγηται, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς ἀπίστοις τοὐναντίον τὰ ἀληθινὰ ἐξαρνεῖσθαι καὶ τὰ ἐν θεῷ δυνατὰ εἰς ἐλπίδας παρ' αὐτοῖς μὴ κεκρατύνθαι. 87.1 Ἀλλὰ περὶ τούτων ἱκανὰ νομίζω εἰρῆσθαι, ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν 87.2 παραδειγμάτων ὀλίγα ἡμῶν παραθέντων. περὶ δὲ τῶν δοκούντων Χριστιανῶν εἶναι, Ὠριγένει δὲ πειθομένων καὶ τὴν μὲν τῶν νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν ὁμολογούντων σαρκός τε τῆς ἡμετέρας καὶ σώματος τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ἁγίου ἐκείνου τοῦ ἀπὸ Μαρίας ἀνειλημμένου, ταύτην δὲ τὴν σάρκα λεγόντων μὴ ἐγείρεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἄλλην ἀντὶ ταύτης ἐκ θεοῦ δίδοσθαι, πῶς οὐχὶ μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων εἴποιμεν ἀσεβεστέραν ἔχειν ὑπόληψιν καὶ εὐηθεστέραν τῆς παρ' Ἕλλησι καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς αἱρέσεσιν 87.3 ὑπονοίας; πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ εἰ ἄλλη ἀντὶ ταύτης ἐγείρεται κατὰ τὸν αὐτῶν λόγον, οὐ δικαία ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ κρίσις κατὰ τὸν αὐτῶν μῦθον, ἄλλην σάρκα κρίνουσα ἀντὶ τῆς ἁμαρτησάσης ἢ ἄλλο σῶμα φέρουσα