HORTATORY ADDRESS TO THE GREEKS BY SAINT JUSTIN, PHILOSOPHER AND MARTYR.

 Alas, with my own eyes I see a dear man pursued around the wall and my heart grieves for him. And what he says about the other gods conspiring agains

 Artemis the archer, sister of the far-shooter. And against Leto stood the strong, helpful Hermes. These and such things Homer taught you about the god

 ...s of you you say have become of piety, some declaring water to be the beginning of all things, others air, others fire, others some other of the af

 Of all of them who had spoken, Thales, the eldest of them all, says that the principle of existing things is water for he says that all things are fr

 having denied it, later says in his conceptions that it is this very thing. Moreover, having formerly declared that everything that has come into bein

 having established for I do not attempt to prove these things from the divine histories among us alone, which you are not yet willing to believe beca

 to organize affairs in Egypt, but also to establish the warrior class with laws. And fourth, they say that Bocchoris the king became a lawgiver, a wis

 it happened that there were once God-fearing men, as you say the oracle declared: Only the Chaldeans obtained wisdom, and also the Hebrews, purely rev

 of wise men or orators, should one wish to make mention, he will find that they have written their own compositions in the letters of the Greeks. But

 it is fitting that it should appear clearly and manifestly. It is necessary, therefore, for you, O men of Greece, foreseeing the things to come and lo

 And in the Oracles it is thus: I adjure you, Heaven, the wise work of the great God, I adjure you, Voice of the Father, which He first uttered, When H

 the poem to fall from its meter, lest he should seem not to have first mentioned the name of the gods. But a little later he sets forth clearly and pl

 he should cause Meletus to be against himself, accusing him before the Athenians and saying: Plato does wrong and is a busybody, not believing in the

 that only disobedience was cast out, but not knowing that they were also persuaded that non-existent gods existed, they passed on the name of the gods

 light, constructs that which comes to be. But perhaps some, not wishing to abandon the doctrines of polytheism, will say that the demiurge himself sai

 having. For it does not seem to me that what was said by Phoenix was said simply: Not even if the god himself should promise me, scraping off old age,

 wishing to confirm what has been said of participation, Plato has written thus in these very words: God, then, as the old saying has it, holding the b

 having heard from one who had come back to life and was relating the things there, has written thus in his very words: For he said that he was present

 poetry, Diodorus, the most renowned of the historians, sufficiently teaches us. For he said that he, having been in Egypt, had learned that Nepenthes,

 to set up the battle-cry of much-lamented war They were eager to place Ossa upon Olympus, but upon Ossa Pelion with its shaking leaves, that heaven m

 and concerning the heaven that came into being that the created heaven, which he also named the firmament, this is the perceptible one that came into

 proclaimed by the name. For, fearing to call the gift of God Holy Spirit, lest he should seem to be an enemy of the Greeks by following the teaching

 supposed them to have the forms of men, you will find that they learned this also from the divine history. For since the history of Moses says, from t

 to you Socrates, the wisest of the wise, to whom even your oracle, as you yourselves say, testifies, saying: Of all men Socrates is the wisest, confes

 It will be easy for you to learn in part the true worship of God from the ancient Sibyl, who teaches you by oracles from some powerful inspiration, th

 it is clear that he said this about the oracle-givers, looking to the oracles of the Sibyl. For he spoke thus: When they succeed in saying many and gr

 Tatian's Address to the Greeks. Do not be so very hostile towards the barbarians, O men of Greece, nor be envious of their doctrines. For what pursuit

 very savagely, having imprisoned his own friend for not wanting to worship him, carried him around like a bear or a leopard. Indeed, he completely fol

 selecting places for their covetousness *** the prominent. But one ought not flatter the leaders with the prospect of kingship, but to wait until the

 I have chosen to order the unordered matter in you, and just as the Word, having been begotten in the beginning, in turn begot our creation for himsel

 not according to fate, but by the free will of those who choose, he foretold the outcomes of future events and he became a hinderer of wickedness thro

 with baubles of the earth he deceived the motherless and orphaned girl. Poseidon sails, Ares delights in wars, Apollo is a cithara player, Dionysus is

 of a kingdom, *** were turned into constellations by the shaping of letters? And how is Kronos, who was fettered and cast out of his kingdom, appointe

 of faith with glory become but the poor man and the most moderate, desiring the things that are his own, more easily gets by. Why, I ask, according to

 were zealous to be but the Lord of all allowed them to luxuriate until the world, having reached its end, should be dissolved, and the judge should a

 refusing a suffering god, they were shown to be fighters against God rather than God-fearing. You too are such men, O Greeks, talkative in words, but

 of the spirit But when the tabernacle is not of such a kind, man excels the beasts only in articulate speech, but in other respects his way of life i

 causes, when they happen, they ascribe to themselves, attacking whenever weariness overtakes them. But there are times when they themselves by a tempe

 For if it were so, much more would he ward off his own enemy from himself for being able to help others also, he will much more become his own avenge

 you? Therefore if you say that one ought not to fear death, sharing our doctrines, die not because of human vainglory, as Anaxarchus did, but for the

 Unable to explain those things, because of the impossibility of their theory, they have blamed the tides, and of the seas, one being weedy and the oth

 For what sort are your teachings? Who would not mock your public festivals, which, being celebrated under the pretext of wicked demons, turn men to di

 providing it, feeding it with the most ungodly bloodshed. For the robber kills for the sake of taking, but the rich man buys gladiators for the sake o

 dedications, and those who read are as with the jar of the Danaids. Why do you divide time for me, saying that one part of it is past, another present

 the conception which I have concerning all things, this I do not hide. Why do you advise me to deceive the state? Why, while saying to despise death,

 but again it will be dissolved, if we obey the word of God and do not scatter ourselves. For he has gained control of our possessions through a certai

 Archilochus flourished around the twenty-third Olympiad, in the time of Gyges the Lydian, five hundred years after the Trojan War. And concerning the

 the nonsense of affairs for the Greeks. For the pursuits of your customs are rather foolish through great glory and behave disgracefully through the w

 seeing the figures of the strife and of Eteocles, and not having thrown them into a pit with Pythagoras who made them, do you destroy along with them

 For what is difficult about men who have been shown to be ignorant being now refuted by a man of like passions? And what is strange, according to your

 maios. The time from Inachus until the capture of Ilium completes twenty generations and the proof is in this manner. The kings of the Argives were th

 our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise A

 God and what is the creation according to him, I present myself ready to you for the examination of the doctrines, while my way of life according to G

our laws, and what the learned men among the Greeks have said, and how many and who they are who have mentioned them, will be shown in the treatise "Against Those Who Have Made Declarations Concerning God." But for the present matter, we must hasten to make clear with all accuracy that Moses is older not only than Homer, but also than the writers before him: Linus, Philammon, Thamyris, Amphion, Orpheus, Musaeus, Demodocus, Phemius, Sibyl, Epimenides the Cretan, who came to Sparta, and Aristaeus of Proconnesus who wrote the Arimaspeia, and Asbolus the Centaur, and Bacis, and Drymon, and Euclus the Cyprian, and Horus the Samian, and Pronapides the Athenian. For Linus is the teacher of Heracles, and Heracles has appeared to be one generation before the Trojan events; and this is clear from his son Tlepolemus, who campaigned against Ilium. Orpheus lived at the same time as Heracles, and moreover they say that the works attributed to him were composed by Onomacritus the Athenian, who lived during the rule of the Peisistratids around the fiftieth Olympiad. And Musaeus was a disciple of Orpheus. And Amphion, preceding the Trojan events by two generations, prevents us from composing more for the studious. But Demodocus and Phemius lived during the Trojan war itself; for the one spent his time with the suitors, and the other with the Phaeacians. And Thamyris and Philammon are not much more ancient than these. Therefore, concerning the work of each of the learned men, and their times and records, as I think, very *** we have written for you with all accuracy; but so that we might also fill up what is lacking up to now, I will further make my demonstration concerning those considered wise. For Minos, who was thought to excel in all wisdom, sagacity, and law-giving, lived in the time of Lynceus, who reigned after Danaus, in the eleventh generation after Inachus. And Lycurgus, born long after the capture of Ilium, a hundred years before the Olympiads, gave laws to the Lacedaemonians. And Draco is found to have lived around the thirty-ninth Olympiad, Solon around the 40th, Pythagoras around the 62nd. And we have shown that the Olympiads began four hundred and seven years after the Trojan events. And since these things have been thus demonstrated, we shall now briefly write also concerning the age of the seven wise men. For since the eldest of the aforementioned, Thales, lived around the fiftieth Olympiad, what concerns those after him has been, for the most part, briefly stated by us. These things for you, O men of Greece, I, Tatian, a philosopher among the barbarians, have composed, having been born in the land of the Assyrians, and having been educated first in your doctrines, and secondly in those which I now profess to proclaim. but knowing for the future who

τοὺς ἡμετέρους νόμους ὅσα τε εἰρήκασιν οἱ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι λόγιοι καὶ πόσοι καὶ τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ μνημονεύσαντες, ἐν τῷ Πρὸς τοὺς ἀποφηναμένους τὰ περὶ θεοῦ δειχθήσεται. Τὸ δὲ νῦν συνέχον, σπευστέον μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας σαφηνίζειν ὡς οὐχ Ὁμήρου μόνον πρεσβύτερός ἐστιν ὁ Μωυσῆς, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ συγγραφέων, Λίνου Φιλάμμωνος Θαμύριδος Ἀμφίονος Ὀρφέως Μουσαίου ∆ημο δόκου Φημίου Σιβύλλης Ἐπιμενίδου τοῦ Κρητός, ὅστις εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην ἀφίκετο, καὶ Ἀρισταίου τοῦ Προκοννησίου τοῦ τὰ Ἀριμάσπια συγγράψαντος Ἀσβόλου τε τοῦ Κενταύρου καὶ Βάκιδος ∆ρύμωνός τε καὶ Eὔκλου τοῦ Κυπρίου καὶ Ὥρου τοῦ Σαμίου καὶ Προναπίδου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου. Λίνος μὲν γὰρ Ἡρακλέους ἐστὶ διδάσκαλος, ὁ δὲ Ἡρακλῆς μιᾷ τῶν Τρωϊκῶν προγενέστερος πέφηνε γενεᾷ· τοῦτο δέ ἐστι φανερὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ Τληπολέμου στρατεύσαντος ἐπὶ Ἴλιον. Ὀρφεὺς δὲ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Ἡρακλεῖ γέγονεν ἄλλως τε καὶ τὰ εἰς αὐτὸν ἐπιφερόμενά φασιν ὑπὸ Ὀνομακρίτου τοῦ Ἀθη ναίου συντετάχθαι γενομένου κατὰ τὴν Πεισιστρατιδῶν ἀρχὴν περὶ τὴν πεντηκοστὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα. τοῦ δὲ Ὀρφέως Μουσαῖος μαθητής. Ἀμφίων δὲ δυσὶ προάγων γενεαῖς τῶν Ἰλιακῶν τοῦ πλείονα πρὸς τοὺς φιλομαθεῖς συντάττειν ἡμᾶς ἀπείργει. ∆η μόδοκος δὲ καὶ Φήμιος κατ' αὐτὸν τὸν Τρωϊκὸν πόλεμον γεγόνασιν· διέτριβον γὰρ ὁ μὲν παρὰ τοῖς μνηστῆρσιν, ὁ δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Φαίαξιν. καὶ ὁ Θάμυρις δὲ καὶ ὁ Φιλάμμων οὐ πολὺ τούτων εἰσὶν ἀρχαιότεροι. Περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν λογίων πραγματείας, χρόνων τε καὶ ἀναγραφῆς αὐτῶν ὡς οἶμαι σφόδρα *** μετὰ πάσης ὑμῖν ἀκριβείας ἀνεγράψαμεν· ἵνα δὲ καὶ τὸ μέχρι νῦν ἐνδέον ἀποπληρώσωμεν, ἔτι καὶ περὶ τῶν νομιζομένων σοφῶν ποιήσομαι τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. Μίνως μὲν γάρ, ὁ πάσης προὔχειν νομισθεὶς σοφίας ἀγχινοίας τε καὶ νομοθεσίας, ἐπὶ Λυγκέως τοῦ μετὰ ∆αναὸν βασιλεύσαντος γέγονεν ἑνδεκάτῃ γενεᾷ μετὰ Ἴναχον. Λυκοῦργος δέ, πολὺ μετὰ τὴν Ἰλίου γεννηθεὶς ἅλωσιν, πρὸ τῶν Ὀλυμπιάδων ἔτεσιν ἑκατὸν νομοθετεῖ Λακεδαιμονίοις. ∆ράκων δὲ περὶ Ὀλυμπιάδα τριακοστὴν καὶ ἐνάτην εὑρίσκεται γεγονώς, Σόλων περὶ μ, Πυθαγόρας περὶ ξβ. τὰς δὲ Ὀλυμ πιάδας ὕστερον τῶν Ἰλιακῶν ἔτεσιν ἀπεδείξαμεν γεγονυίας τετρα κοσίοις ἑπτά. καὶ δὴ τούτων οὕτως ἀποδεδειγμένων, διὰ βρα χέων ἔτι καὶ περὶ τῆς τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν ἡλικίας ἀναγράψομεν. τοῦ γὰρ πρεσβυτάτου τῶν προειρημένων Θαλῆτος γενομένου περὶ τὴν πεντηκοστὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα, καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν μετ' αὐτὸν σχεδὸν ἡμῖν συντόμως εἴρηται. Ταῦθ' ὑμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες, ὁ κατὰ βαρβά ρους φιλοσοφῶν Τατιανὸς συνέταξα, γεννηθεὶς μὲν ἐν τῇ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων γῇ, παιδευθεὶς δὲ πρῶτον μὲν τὰ ὑμέτερα, δεύτερον δὲ ἅτινα νῦν κηρύττειν ἐπαγγέλλομαι. γινώσκων δὲ λοιπὸν τίς