John Chrysostom, On John

of his own energy? It is surely clear to everyone. 59.92 And if in the case of bodies, which are divisible, which are diminished by subtraction, something of such a kind has been found which even after imparting to others what it has of its own is in no way harmed, much more will this happen in the case of that incorporeal and pure power. For if, where that which is partaken of is substance and body, it is both divided and yet not divided, much more when the discussion is about energy, and energy from an incorporeal substance, it is likely to suffer no such thing. For this reason John also said, "From his fullness we have all received"; and he connects his own testimony with that of the Baptist. For the saying, "From his fullness we have all received," is not from the forerunner, but from the disciple. And what he says is this: Do not think, he says, that we who spent much time with him, and shared salt and table, testify out of favor. For John too, who did not even know him before this, who had not even associated with him, but only so much as when he was baptizing, having seen him with the others, cried out: "He was before me"; having received all things from thence. And we too, all of us, the twelve, the three hundred, the five hundred, the three thousand, the five thousand, the many myriads of the Jews, the entire fullness of the faithful, both of that time, and of now, and of those who will be hereafter, from his fullness we have received. And what have we received? "Grace for grace," he says. For which grace, which? For the Old, the New. For just as there was righteousness, and righteousness; "As to the righteousness," he says, "which is in the law, being blameless"; and faith, and faith; "For from faith to faith"; and adoption, and adoption "Whose is the adoption," he says; and glory, and glory; "For if that which is done away was glorious, much more that which remains is glorious"; and law, and law; "For the law," he says, "of the Spirit of life has set me free"; and worship, and worship; "Whose is the worship," he says; and again, "Worshipping God in the Spirit"; and covenant, and covenant; "For I will make a covenant with you, a new one, not according to the covenant which I made with your fathers"; and sanctification, and sanctification; and baptism, and baptism; and sacrifice, and sacrifice; and 59.93 temple, and temple; and circumcision, and circumcision; so also grace, and grace. But those as types, and these as truth, preserving a certain homonymy, but not a synonymy; since both in types and in images, both he who is sketched in black color on white colors is called a man, and he who has received the truth of the colors; and in the case of statues, both the golden one and the clay one are called a statue; but the one as a type, the other as the truth. B. Do not then from the community of names suppose an identity of things, but neither an alienation. For if it was a type, it was not alien to the truth; but if it preserved a shadow, it was less than the truth. What then is the difference between all these? Do you wish that we go through them, taking one or two of the things mentioned as examples? For so the other things will also be clear to you; and we shall all see how those were the teachings of children, but these of noble and great men; and the former were legislated as for men, the latter as for angels. From where then shall we make our beginning? Do you wish from adoption itself? What then is the difference between this one and that one? That one was an honor of a word; but here the reality also follows. And concerning that one he says, "I said, You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High"; but concerning this one, that "They were born of God." How and in what manner? "Through the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Spirit." And they, after the title of sons, still had the spirit of bondage; for while remaining slaves, they were so honored by this title; but we, having become free, then received the honor not in name, but in reality. And Paul, making this clear, said: "For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption, by whom we cry, Abba, Father." For having been born from above, and, as one might say, re-created, so we were called sons. And if one should consider the manner of the holiness, what indeed

ἐνεργείας τῆς αὑτοῦ; Παντί που δῆλόν ἐστιν. 59.92 Εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων, τῶν μεριστῶν, τῶν ἐλαττουμένων ὑπὸ τῆς ἀφαιρέσεως, εὑρέθη τι τοιοῦτον ὃ καὶ μετὰ τὸ παρασχεῖν ἑτέροις τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ οὐδὲν παραβλάπτεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῆς ἀσωμάτου καὶ ἀκηράτου δυνάμεως ἐκείνης τοῦτο συμβήσεται. Εἰ γὰρ ἔνθα οὐσία ἐστὶ τὸ μεταλαμβανόμενον καὶ σῶμα, καὶ μερίζεται, καὶ οὐ μερίζεται, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὅταν περὶ ἐνεργείας ὁ λόγος ᾖ, καὶ ἐνεργείας τῆς ἐξ ἀσωμάτου οὐσίας, οὐδὲν εἰκὸς τοιοῦτον παθεῖν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Ἰωάννης ἔλεγεν, Ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν· καὶ συνείρει τὴν αὑτοῦ μαρτυρίαν τῇ τοῦ Βαπτιστοῦ. Τὸ γὰρ, Ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν, οὐ τοῦ προδρόμου ἐστὶ ῥῆμα, ἀλλὰ τοῦ μαθητοῦ. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· Μὴ νομίσητε, φησὶν, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οἱ συγγενόμενοι πολὺν αὐτῷ χρόνον, καὶ ἁλῶν, καὶ τραπέζης κοινωνήσαντες, χάριτι μαρτυροῦμεν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ Ἰωάννης, ὁ μηδὲ εἰδὼς αὐτὸν πρὸ τούτου, ὁ μηδὲ συγγενόμενος, ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον μόνον ὅτε ἐβάπτιζε, μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτὸν θεασάμενος, ἐβόα· Πρῶτός μου ἦν· ἐκεῖθεν πάντα λαβών· καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ πάντες οἱ δώδεκα, οἱ τριακόσιοι, οἱ πεντακόσιοι, οἱ τρισχίλιοι, οἱ πεντακισχίλιοι, αἱ πολλαὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων μυριάδες, ἅπαν τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν πιστῶν, καὶ τῶν τότε, καὶ τῶν νῦν, καὶ τῶν αὖθις ἐσομένων, ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβομεν. Τί δὲ ἐλάβομεν; Χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος, φησίν. Ἀντὶ ποίας ποίαν; Ἀντὶ τῆς Παλαιᾶς τὴν Καινήν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἦν δικαιοσύνη, καὶ δικαιοσύνη· Κατὰ δικαιοσύνην γὰρ, φησὶ, τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος· καὶ πίστις, καὶ πίστις· Ἐκ πίστεως γὰρ εἰς πίστιν· καὶ υἱοθεσία, καὶ υἱοθεσία Ὧν ἡ υἱοθεσία, φησί· καὶ δόξα, καὶ δόξα· Εἰ γὰρ τὸ καταργούμενον διὰ δόξης, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τὸ μένον ἐν δόξῃ· καὶ νόμος, καὶ νόμος· Ὁ νόμος, γὰρ, φησὶ, τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἠλευθέρωσέ με· καὶ λατρεία, καὶ λατρεία· Ὧν ἡ λατρεία, φησί· καὶ πάλιν, Πνεύματι Θεῷ λατρεύοντες· καὶ διαθήκη, καὶ διαθήκη· ∆ιαθήσομαι γὰρ ὑμῖν διαθήκη· καινὴν, οὐ κατὰ τὴν διαθήκην ἣν διεθέμην τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν· καὶ ἁγιασμὸς, καὶ ἁγιασμός· καὶ βάπτισμα, καὶ βάπτισμα· καὶ θυσία, καὶ θυσία· καὶ 59.93 ναὸς, καὶ ναός· καὶ περιτομὴ, καὶ περιτομή· οὕτω καὶ χάρις, καὶ χάρις. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα μὲν ὡς τύποι, ταῦτα δὲ ὡς ἀλήθεια, ὁμωνυμίαν τινὰ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ συνωνυμίαν φυλάττοντα· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς τύποις καὶ ἐν ταῖς εἰκόσι, καὶ ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν χρωμάτων τῶν λευκῶν διὰ τοῦ μέλανος χρώματος ἐγχαραττόμενος, ἄνθρωπος λέγεται, καὶ ὁ δεξάμενος τὴν τῶν χρωμάτων ἀλήθειαν· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνδριάντων, ὅ τε χρυσοῦς, ὅ τε πήλινος, ἀνδριὰς προσηγόρευται· ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ὡς τύπος, τὸ δὲ ὡς ἀλήθεια. βʹ. Μὴ τοίνυν ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ὀνομάτων κοινωνίας, ταὐτότητα πραγμάτων νομίσῃς, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ἀλλοτρίωσιν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ τύπος ἦν, οὐκ ἦν ἀλλότρια τῆς ἀληθείας· εἰ δὲ σκιὰν ἐφύλαττεν, ἐλάττω τῆς ἀληθείας ἦν. Τί οὖν τὸ μέσον τούτων ἁπάντων; Βούλεσθε ἐπεξέλθωμεν, ἓν ἢ δύο τῶν εἰρημένων προχειρισάμενοι; Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἔσται ὑμῖν δῆλα· καὶ ὀψόμεθα πάντες ὡς ἐκεῖνα μὲν παίδων ἦν διδάγματα, ταῦτα δὲ γενναίων καὶ μεγάλων ἀνδρῶν· καὶ τὰ μὲν ὡς ἀνθρώποις, τὰ δὲ ὡς ἀγγέλοις νενομοθέτητο. Πόθεν οὖν ποιησόμεθα τὴν ἀρχήν; Βούλεσθε ἀπὸ τῆς υἱοθεσίας αὐτῆς; Τί δὴ οὖν τὸ μέσον ταύτης κἀκείνης; Ἐκείνη, ῥήματος ἦν τιμή· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἕπεται. Καὶ περὶ μὲν ἐκείνης φησίν· Ἐγὼ εἶπα, Θεοί ἐστε, καὶ υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου πάντες· περὶ δὲ ταύτης, ὅτι Ἐκ Θεοῦ ἐγεννήθησαν. Πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ; ∆ιὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας, καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως Πνεύματος ἁγίου. Κἀκεῖνοι μὲν μετὰ τὴν τῶν υἱῶν προσηγορίαν, ἔτι πνεῦμα δουλείας εἶχον· δοῦλοι γὰρ μένοντες, οὕτως ἐτιμῶντο τῇ κλήσει ταύτῃ· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐλεύθεροι γενόμενοι, τότε οὐκ ὀνόματι, ἀλλὰ πράγματι τὴν τιμὴν ἐδεξάμεθα. Καὶ τοῦτο Παῦλος δηλῶν ἔλεγεν· Οὐ γὰρ ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα δουλείας πάλιν εἰς φόβον, ἀλλ' ἐλάβετε πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας, ἐν ᾧ κράζομεν, Ἀββᾶ ὁ Πατήρ. Γεννηθέντες γὰρ ἄνωθεν, καὶ ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις ἀναστοιχειωθέντες, οὕτως ἐκλήθημεν υἱοί. Καὶ τῆς ἁγιωσύνης τὸν τρόπον εἴ τις καταμάθοι, τίς μὲν