John Chrysostom, On 2 Timothy

And in our own affairs, when the servant is very capable, the master is admired all the more. For if the servant is so capable, how much more so the one who rules over him? But if someone, neglecting his master’s service, should care for his own wife and child and servant, and wish to be rich, to store up treasure there, either by stealing or by squandering his master’s goods, he would quickly destroy himself along with his money. Therefore, having these examples, I beseech you, let us not be anxious about our own things, that we may be anxious about ourselves; let us despise them, that we may possess them. If we despise them, 62.661 He will take care of them; if we take care of them, God will despise them. Let us labor in the things of God, not in our own things, or rather, in our own things; for His things are ours. I do not mean heaven, I do not mean earth, I do not mean the things in the world; for these are unworthy of Him, these belong not only to us, but also to the unbelievers; but what do I say are His? Glory, a kingdom; these are both His, and ours through Him. How? ‘If we have died with him,’ he says, ‘we shall also live with him; if we endure, we shall also reign with him.’ We have become fellow heirs, and are called brothers. Why do we drag ourselves down, when He is drawing us upward and to Himself? How long shall we be poor, how long shall we be beggars? heaven is set before us, and we are occupied with the earth? the kingdom of heaven, and we choose poverty here? immortal life, and we are consumed with wood and stones and fields? Become rich, this I also want; be greedy, and seize; here there is no blame; here not to be greedy is a crime, here not to seize is an accusation. What is this then? ‘The kingdom,’ he says, ‘of heaven suffers violence, and the violent take it by force.’ Be violent there, be a plunderer, what is seized is not diminished. For neither is virtue divided, nor is piety diminished, nor the kingdom of heaven. Then virtue increases, when you seize it; then corporeal things are diminished, when you seize them; and it is clear from this. Let there be ten thousand men in a city; if these all seize virtue and righteousness, they have increased it; for the ten thousand become righteous; but if they do not seize it, they have diminished it; for it appears nowhere. εʹ. Do you see that in being seized, good things rather abound; while these other things in being seized are rather diminished? Let us not then sit down with poverty, but let us choose wealth. The wealth of God is that there are many who enjoy the kingdom. ‘Who is rich,’ it says, ‘to all, and over all who call upon Him.’ Increase His substance; and you will increase it, if you seize, if you are greedy, if you use violence. There is need of violence indeed. Why so? Because many are they who hinder: wives, children, cares, worldly affairs, along with these, demons, and the very leader of the demons, the devil. There is need, therefore, of violence, there is need of endurance. The one who uses violence is in labors. How? He endures all things, and stands up to necessity. How? He attempts things almost impossible. If, then, those who use violence are such, but we do not even attempt possible things, when shall we succeed? when shall we enjoy the things for which we strive? ‘The violent,’ it says, ‘seize the kingdom of heaven.’ There is need of violence and seizure; for it is not set before us simply, 62.662 nor ready at hand. He who seizes, is always sober, is awake, is anxious and takes care, so as to make his assault on the prize at the right moment. Do you not see in wars, that he who wishes to seize plunder is watchful through the whole night? is armed through the whole of it? If then those who seize the things of this life, both watch by night, and are armed, how shall we who wish to seize spiritual things, which need greater earnestness, sleep and snore even in the day, and continue always unarmed and naked? For he who is occupied with sins, is unarmed and naked, just as he who is in righteousness, is armed. We do not fence ourselves with almsgiving, we do not prepare for ourselves the burning lamps, not

καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις πράγμασιν, ὅταν μεγάλα δύνηται ὁ οἰκέτης, μᾶλλον θαυμάζεται ὁ δεσπότης. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ οἰκέτης τοσαῦτα δύναται, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ κρατῶν αὐτοῦ; Εἰ δέ τις ἀφεὶς τὴν δεσποτικὴν ὑπηρεσίαν, φροντίζοι τῆς αὑτοῦ γυναικὸς καὶ τοῦ παιδίου καὶ τοῦ οἰκέτου, καὶ βούλοιτο πλουτεῖν, ἀποτίθεσθαι ἐκεῖ, ἢ κλέπτων, ἢ λυμαινόμενος τοῖς δεσποτικοῖς, ταχέως καὶ ἑαυτὸν μετὰ τῶν χρημάτων προσαπώλεσε. ∆ιὸ ταῦτα ἔχοντες τὰ ὑποδείγματα, παρακαλῶ, μὴ φροντίζωμεν τῶν ἡμετέρων, ἵνα φροντίζωμεν ἑαυτῶν· καταφρονῶμεν αὐτῶν, ἵνα κτησώμεθα αὐτά. Ἂν ἡμεῖς αὐτῶν 62.661 καταφρονήσωμεν, αὐτὸς αὐτῶν ἐπιμελήσεται· ἂν ἡμεῖς ἐπιμελησώμεθα αὐτῶν, ὁ Θεὸς αὐτῶν καταφρονήσει. Ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ κάμνωμεν, μὴ ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἡμετέροις· τὰ γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἡμέτερα. Οὐ λέγω οὐρανὸν, οὐ λέγω γῆν, οὐ λέγω τὰ ἐν κόσμῳ· ταῦτα γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἀνάξια, ταῦτα οὐχ ἡμῶν μόνον ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἀπίστων· ἀλλὰ τίνα λέγω αὐτοῦ; ∆όξαν, βασιλείαν· ταῦτα καὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἡμέτερα δι' αὐτόν. Πῶς; Εἰ συναπεθάνομεν, φησὶ, καὶ συζήσομεν· εἰ ὑπομένομεν, καὶ συμβασιλεύσομεν. Συγκληρονόμοι ἐγενόμεθα, καὶ ἀδελφοὶ λεγόμεθα. Τί ἡμεῖς ἑαυτοὺς κάτω κατάγομεν, αὐτοῦ ἡμᾶς ἄνω καὶ πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἕλκοντος; Μέχρι πότε πενιχροὶ, μέχρι πότε πτωχοί; οὐρανὸς πρόκειται, καὶ ἡμεῖς περὶ τὴν γῆν στρεφόμεθα; οὐρανοῦ βασιλεία, καὶ ἡμεῖς τὴν ἐνθάδε πενίαν αἱρούμεθα; ζωὴ ἀθάνατος, καὶ ἡμεῖς περὶ ξύλα καὶ λίθους καὶ ἀγροὺς δαπανώμεθα; Γενοῦ πλούσιος, τοῦτο κἀγὼ βούλομαι· πλεονέκτησον, καὶ ἅρπασον· ἐνταῦθα οὐκ ἔστι μέμψις· ἐνταῦθα τὸ μὴ πλεονεκτῆσαι ἔγκλημα, ἐνταῦθα τὸ μὴ ἁρπάσαι κατηγορία. Τί δὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν; Ἡ βασιλεία, φησὶ, τῶν οὐρανῶν βιάζεται καὶ βιασταὶ ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν. Γενοῦ βίαιος ἐκεῖ, γενοῦ ἅρπαξ, οὐ μειοῦται τὸ ἁρπαζόμενον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μερίζεται ἡ ἀρετὴ, οὐ μειοῦται οὐδὲ ἡ εὐσέβεια, οὐδὲ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. Τότε αὔξεται ἡ ἀρετὴ, ὅταν ἁρπάσῃς· τότε τὰ σωματικὰ μειοῦται, ὅταν ἁρπάσῃς· καὶ δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν. Ἔστωσαν ἐν πόλει μύριοι ἄνδρες· οὗτοι ἂν μὲν πάντες ἁρπάζωσι τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην, ἐπλεόνασαν αὐτήν· ἐν γὰρ τοῖς μυρίοις γίνονται δίκαιοι· ἂν δὲ μὴ ἁρπάσωσιν, ἠλάττωσαν· οὐδαμοῦ γὰρ φαίνεται. εʹ. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἐν τῷ ἁρπάζεσθαι πλεονεκτεῖ μᾶλλον τὰ ἀγαθά· ταῦτα δὲ ἐν τῷ ἁρπάζεσθαι μειοῦται μᾶλλον; Μὴ τοίνυν τῇ πενίᾳ προσκαθεζώμεθα, ἀλλὰ τὸν πλοῦτον ἑλώμεθα. Πλοῦτος Θεοῦ ἐστι τὸ πολλοὺς εἶναι τοὺς ἀπολαύοντας τῆς βασιλείας. Ὁ πλουτῶν, φησὶν, εἰς πάντας, καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους αὐτόν. Αὔξησον αὐτοῦ τὴν οὐσίαν· αὐξήσεις δὲ, ἂν ἁρπάσῃς, ἂν πλεονεκτήσῃς, ἂν βιάσῃ. Βίας ὄντως χρεία. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι πολλοὶ οἱ κωλύοντες, γυναῖκες, παῖδες, φροντίδες, τὰ κοσμικὰ πράγματα, μετὰ τούτων δαίμονες, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ τῶν δαιμόνων ἀρχηγέτης ὁ διάβολος. ∆εῖ τοίνυν βίας, δεῖ καρτερίας. Ὁ βιαζόμενος ἐν πόνοις ἐστί. Πῶς; πάντα ὑπομένει, καὶ πρὸς ἀνάγκην ἵσταται. Πῶς; σχεδὸν τοῖς ἀδυνάτοις ἐπιχειρεῖ. Εἰ τοίνυν οἱ μὲν βιαζόμενοι τοιοῦτοι, ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐδὲ τοῖς δυνατοῖς ἐπιχειροῦμεν, πότε ἐπιτευξόμεθα; πότε ἀπολαυσόμεθα τῶν σπουδαζομένων; Βιασταὶ, φησὶν, ἁρπάζουσι τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Βίας χρεία καὶ ἁρπαγῆς· οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς 62.662 πρόκειται, οὐδὲ ἐξ ἑτοίμου. Ὁ ἁρπάζων, διαπαντὸς νήφει, διεγήγερται, φροντίζει καὶ μεριμνᾷ, ὥστε εὐκαίρως ἐπιθέσθαι τῇ ἁρπαγῇ. Οὐχ ὁρᾶτε ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις, ὅτι ὁ ἁρπάσαι βουλόμενος δι' ὅλης τῆς νυκτὸς ἀγρυπνεῖ; δι' ὅλης ὥπλισται; Εἰ τοίνυν οἱ τὰ βιωτικὰ ἁρπάζοντες, καὶ νύκτα ἀγρυπνοῦσι, καὶ ὁπλίζονται, πῶς τὰ τούτων μείζονος δεόμενα τῆς σπουδῆς, τὰ πνευματικὰ, ἁρπάσαι βουλόμενοι, καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ καθεύδομεν καὶ ῥέγχομεν, καὶ ἀεὶ ἄοπλοι καὶ γυμνοὶ διατελοῦμεν; Ὁ γὰρ ἐν ἁμαρτίαις στρεφόμενος, ἄοπλός ἐστι καὶ γυμνὸς, ὥσπερ ὁ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, ὡπλισμένος. Οὐκ ἐλεημοσύνῃ περιφράττομεν ἑαυτοὺς, οὐ τὰς ἀναπτομένας λαμπάδας ἑαυτοῖς εὐτρεπίζομεν, οὐ