John Malalas, Chronography

as the most wise Vergil set forth; and likewise Pliny the historiographer of the Romans wrote, and similarly Livy. But other historians wrote that Romus first performed a hippodrome for them with mules. And they relate that the brothers Romus and Remus were nursed by Lycaena, because King Amulius, their grandfather, ordered them to be thrown into the woods, as born of fornication, since Ilia their mother, being a priestess of Ares, was corrupted, having fornicated with a certain soldier, about whom they say mythologically that Ares impregnated her, and 179 she bore them as twins, and for this reason their grandfather threw them into the woods. And a certain peasant woman, tending sheep, found these children; and having compassion, because they were beautiful, she took them and nourished them with her own milk. And in that country they call the peasant women who tend sheep "lycaenas" even now, as they always have their life and way of living among wolves. Therefore, on account of this, Romus devised the so-called Brumalia, saying, it is said, that it is necessary for the king of the time to feed his entire senate and those in high station and all the armies that are within the palace, as honored men, in the time of winter, when military affairs are at a standstill. And he began first to call and feed those having a name from alpha, and then consequently until the last letter, ordering his senate also to feed in the same manner. And they themselves also fed the whole army and whomever they wished. So the musicians of each group, going in the evening to the houses of those who had invited them for breakfast for the next day, would play the flute so that he might know that they were to be fed by him tomorrow. And the custom of the Brumalia has prevailed in the Roman state until now. And this same Romus did this, wishing to wipe out his own disgrace, because the Romans, being his enemies and hating and reviling him, said that it was not right for him to be king, being one who was disgraced, because the 180 two brothers were fed from others' provisions, until they became of full age and reigned, meaning that they were nourished by Faustus the farmer and his wife Lycaena, eating from others' provisions, as has been written before. For it was a reproach among the Romans and all the ancients for anyone to be fed from others' provisions; whence also in the so-called friendly banquets each of those coming together to the banquet brings his own food and drink with him, and everything is set out in common, and they eat, maintaining the ancient custom until now, of not being called eaters of others' food. For this reason the same Romus devised this, in order to expiate his own disgrace, calling also the name of the breakfast in Latin brumalium, as the most wise Licinius the chronographer of the Romans set forth. And after the brothers Romus and Remus, six others reigned over Rome until Tarquinius Superbus the unjust. For he became the seventh king of Rome after it was founded; and the kingship was taken away from him. And in the times of his reign was the Cumaean Sibyl, a prophetess. And this same Tarquinius had a son named Arruns, on account of whom he was cast out of the kingship, because Arruns the son of Tarquinius committed adultery, having violated Lucretia, a senatorial woman; and she killed herself, as a chaste woman. And there was a great civil 181 war in Rome for years, and many were slain. And the wise Servius, the writer of the Romans, wrote these things. And Tarquinius was cast out of the kingship in this way. When a war had been stirred up in Rome by the nation of the so-called Ardeans, King Tarquinius, having taken assistance, came to make war on the land of the Ardeans. And his enemies, the senators, finding an opportunity

καθὼς ὁ σοφώτατος Βεργίλλως ἐξέθετο· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Πλίνιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων ἱστοριογράφος συνεγράψατο, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Λίβιος. ἕτεροι δὲ ἱστορικοὶ συνεγράψαντο πρῶτον ἱπποδρόμιον ἐπιτελέσαι αὐτοῖς τὸν Ῥῶμον εἰς βούρδωνας. Τὸν δὲ Ῥῶμον καὶ τὸν Ῥῆμον τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἱστοροῦσιν ὑπὸ Λυκαίνης γαλακτοτροφέντας, ὅτι βασιλεὺς ὁ Ἀμούλιος, ὁ αὐτῶν πάππος, ἐκέλευσεν αὐτοὺς ῥιφῆναι εἰς τὰς ὕλας, ὡς πορνογεννήτους, ἐπειδὴ ἡ Ἰλία ἡ μήτηρ αὐτῶν, ἱέρεια οὖσα τοῦ Ἄρεως, ἐφθάρη, πορνευθεῖσα ὑπό τινος στρατιώτου, περὶ οὗ λέγουσι μυθολογοῦντες τὸν Ἄρεα ἐγγαστρῶσαι αὐτήν, καὶ 179 ἐγέννησεν αὐτοὺς διδύμους, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὁ πάππος αὐτῶν ἔῤῥιψεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰς ὕλας. καὶ εὗρε τοὺς αὐτοὺς παῖδας χωρική τις, βόσκουσα πρόβατα· καὶ σπλαγχνισθεῖσα, ὅτι ἦσαν εὔμορφα, λαβοῦσα ἔθρεψεν αὐτοὺς τῷ ἰδίῳ γάλακτι. εἰς δὲ τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην λυκαίνας καλοῦσιν ἕως ἄρτι τὰς χωρικὰς τὰς βοσκούσας πρόβατα, ὡς ἀεὶ τὸν βίον καὶ τὴν διαγωγὴν ἐχούσας μετὰ λύκων. τούτου οὖν ἕνεκεν ὁ Ῥῶμος ἐπενόησε τὰ λεγόμενα Βρουμάλια, εἰρηκώς, φησίν, ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι τὸ τρέφειν τὸν κατὰ καιρὸν βασιλέα τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σύγκλητον πᾶσαν καὶ τοὺς ἐν ἀξίᾳ καὶ πάσας τὰς ἔνδον τοῦ παλατίου οὔσας στρατιάς, ὡς ἐντίμους, ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τοῦ χειμῶνος, ὅτε τὰ πολεμικὰ ἔνδοσιν ἔχει. καὶ ἤρξατο πρώτους καλεῖν καὶ τρέφειν τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄλφα ἔχοντας τὸ ὄνομα, καὶ λοιπὸν ἀκολούθως ἕως τοῦ τελευταίου γράμματος, κελεύσας καὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σύγκλητον θρέψαι τῷ αὐτῷ σχήματι. καὶ ἔθρεψαν καὶ αὐτοὶ τὸν στρατὸν ἅπαντα καὶ οὓς ἐβούλοντο. οἱ οὖν ἑκάστου ἀριθμοῦ πανδοῦροι ἀπὸ ἑσπέρας ἀπιόντες εἰς τοὺς οἴκους τῶν καλεσάντων αὐτοὺς ἐπ' ἀρίστῳ εἰς τὴν ἑξῆς ηὔλουν πρὸς τὸ γνῶναι ἐκεῖνον ὅτι παρ' αὐτῷ τρέφονται αὔριον. καὶ κατέσχε τὸ ἔθος τῶν Βρουμαλίων ἐν τῇ Ῥωμαίων πολιτείᾳ ἕως τῆς νῦν. τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίησεν ὁ αὐτὸς Ῥῶμος, θέλων ἐξαλεῖψαι τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ὕβριν, ὅτι οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ ὄντες καὶ μισοῦντες αὐτὸν καὶ λοιδοροῦντες ἔλεγον ὅτι οὐκ ἐχρῆν αὐτὸν βασιλεῦσαι ἐνυβρισμένον ὄντα, διότι ἐξ ἀλλοτρίων ἐτράφησαν οἱ 180 δύο ἀδελφοί, ἕως οὗ τελείας ἡλικίας ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐβασίλευσαν, σημαίνοντες ὅτι ὑπὸ τοῦ Φαύστου τοῦ γεωργοῦ καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ Λυκαίνης ἐτράφησαν ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐσθίοντες, ὡς προγέγραπται. ὄνειδος γὰρ ὑπῆρχε παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἀρχαίοις ποτὲ τὸ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων τρέφεσθαί τινα· ὅθεν καὶ ἐν τοῖς συμποσίοις τοῖς λεγομένοις φιλικοῖς ἕκαστος τῶν συνερχομένων εἰς τὸ συμπόσιον τὸ ἴδιον αὐτοῦ βρῶμα καὶ πόμα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ κομίζει, καὶ εἰς τὸ κοινὸν πάντα παρατίθεται, καὶ ἐσθίουσι κρατήσαντες τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἔθος ἕως τῆς νῦν, τὸ μὴ ἀκούειν ἀλλοτριοφάγοι. τούτου χάριν ἐπενόησε τοῦτο ὁ αὐτὸς Ῥῶμος, πρὸς τὸ ἐξιλεώσασθαι τὴν ὕβριν ἑαυτοῦ, καλέσας καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀρίστου ῥωμαϊστὶ βρουμάλιουμ, καθὼς ὁ σοφώτατος Λικίννιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων χρονογράφος ἐξέθετο. Μετὰ δὲ Ῥῶμον καὶ Ῥῆμον τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐβασίλευσαν ἄλλοι ἓξ τῆς Ῥώμης ἕως τοῦ Ταρκυνίου Σουπέρβου τοῦ ἀδίκου. ἕβδομος γὰρ βασιλεὺς τῆς Ῥώμης μετὰ τὸ κτισθῆναι αὐτὴν ἐγένετο· καὶ ἐπήρθη τὸ βασίλειον παρ' αὐτοῦ. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν χρόνων τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἦν Σίβυλλα ἡ Κυμαία μάντις. Ἔσχε δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς Ταρκύνιος υἱὸν ὀνόματι Ἄῤῥουνς, δι' ὃν ἐξεβλήθη τῆς βασιλείας, ὅτι βιασάμενος τὴν Λουκρητίαν συγκλητικὴν ἐμοίχευσεν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Ταρκυνίου ὁ Ἄῤῥουνς· κἀκείνη ἔσφαξεν ἑαυτήν, ὡς σώφρων. καὶ ἐγένετο ἐμφύλιος πόλε 181 μος μέγας ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ ἐπὶ χρόνων, καὶ πολλοὶ ἐσφάγησαν. ταῦτα δὲ συνεγράψατο ὁ σοφὸς Σέρβιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων συγγραφεύς. Ὁ δὲ Ταρκύνιος ἐξεβλήθη τῆς βασιλείας τῷ τρόπῳ τούτῳ. πολέμου κινηθέντος ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ ἐκ τοῦ ἔθνους τῶν λεγομένων Ἀρδηνῶν, λαβὼν βοήθειαν ὁ Ταρκύνιος βασιλεὺς ἦλθε πολεμῶν τὴν Ἀρδηνῶν χώραν. καὶ εὑρόντες καιρὸν οἱ ἐχθροὶ αὐτοῦ οἱ συγκλητικοὶ