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the creeping things were a type of the nations. For this reason also the ark after the flood held Noah, but Mary the Theotokos held the incarnate God and man; but the ark saved only him along with those with him, while this one rescued both the ark and the whole world from the flood of sin and the slavery of the law and of death.

But after the flood, men, having fallen again into ignorance of God and likewise having again become stiff-necked because they were of one lip, that is, one language and one voice, began to build a tower and attempted to ascend to heaven, imagining again equality with God in themselves. Therefore, when God (132) was about to confuse their languages and from this to divide and scatter them over all the earth, since they were many members come from Adam's side and were one body by their one dialect, He again took from them His own portion, that is, the side, and making the rest of the body into many portions of members, He scattered them; and He called them nations, having a complete ignorance of God. He named this portion, then, Israel, that is, seeing God; and this was Abraham, in whom by succession the seed of faith and the knowledge of God had been preserved from above, to whom He also appeared, saying: "Go out from your country and from your kindred and come to a land that I will show you; I will make of you a great nation" to whom He also gave circumcision, making this known to him as a kind of sign and seal; and He swore to him to multiply his seed as the stars of heaven and as the sand which is on the seashore. After these things, God appeared to him again and said: "Know for certain that your offspring will be sojourners in a land that is not their own," foretelling to him the descent into Egypt of Joseph and Jacob his father and his brothers; from whom this portion was multiplied there and became a great nation, whom He also led out from there through Moses, having first feasted them on the lamb, the antitype of the true one. Then, having divided the sea and brought them across and led them up into the desert and nourished them there for forty years, "the Lord's portion became His people Jacob, Israel the lot of His inheritance."

They had, therefore, circumcision as a seal, and all (133) were circumcised, and from this the Lord's portion, as has been said, was recognizable, just like a flock of royal sheep, each one of them bearing the seal of circumcision on its secret part; and this was wisely ordained by God, so that they would not mix with the other sheep, that is, with the nations, who had been brought down to the rank of beasts and irrational creatures by their ignorance of God. But why did He ordain the seal to be not on another part of the body, but on that very part? Because from it comes the seed and the carnal generation of the whole man takes place. And besides, through this He also depicts for us the whole man putting off the flesh, so that from this they too might be known as children of the flesh and it might become a type of the spiritual circumcision of the spiritual children who would later be reborn without emission and intercourse and corruption, so that when that one appears, this one might then cease and, in the foreskin of the flesh, each of the sheep might be sealed instead by the blood of Christ, that is, in the circumcision made without hands, according to Paul, and in the putting off of the flesh, I mean of the earthly mind, we being circumcised mystically, yet becoming so in the perception and knowledge of the soul.

5. That with the first world produced in the beginning, two others were co-produced, of which the

last is a type of the things that will come to be after these, being a certain middle between the ancient and the later things; and of what the promised land and the rest was an image. (133)

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ἑρπετά τύπος ὑπῆρχον τῶν ἐθνῶν. Ἔνθεν τοι καί ἡ κιβωτός μετά τόν κατακλυσμόν εἶχε τόν Νῶε, ἡ θεοτόκος δέ Μαριάμ τόν σαρκωθέντα Θεόν καί ἄνθρωπον· ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνον μέν μόνον σύν τοῖς μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἡ κιβωτός διεσώσατο, οὗτος δέ καί τήν κιβωτόν καί πάντα τόν κόσμον τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ τῆς ἁμαρτίας καί τῆς τοῦ νόμου δουλείας καί τοῦ θανάτου ἐρρύσατο.

Ἀλλά γάρ μετά τόν κατακλυσμόν εἰς ἀγνωσίαν καί αὖθις Θεοῦ κατενεχθέντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι καί ὡσαύτως πάλιν τραχηλιάσαντες διά τό εἶναι αὐτούς χεῖλος ἕν, ἤτοι γλῶσσαν καί φωνήν μίαν, πύργον οἰκοδομεῖν ἤρξαντο καί εἰς οὐρανούς ἀνελθεῖν ἐπεχείρουν, ἰσοθεΐαν καί αὖθις ἐν ἑαυτοῖς φαντασθέντες. Τοίνυν καί συγχέειν μέλλων ὁ Θεός (132) τάς γλώσσας αὐτῶν κἀκ τούτου διαμερίσαι καί διασπεῖραι αὐτούς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ, ὡς πολλά μέλη ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Ἀδάμ πλευρᾶς γεγονότα καί εἰς ἕν σῶμα τῇ μιᾷ διαλέκτῳ ὄντας, πάλιν ἐκ τούτων ἔλαβε τήν μερίδα αὐτοῦ, ἤτοι τήν πλευράν, καί τό λοιπόν σῶμα εἰς πολλάς ποιήσας μελῶν μερίδας διέσπειρε· καί ἐκάλεσεν αὐτούς ἔθνη, ἄγνοιαν Θεοῦ παντελῶς ἔχοντας. Τήν γοῦν μερίδα ταύτην ὠνόμασεν Ἰσραήλ, τουτέστιν ὁρῶντα Θεόν· αὕτη δέ ἦν ὁ Ἀβραάμ ἐν ᾧ κατά διαδοχήν ὑπῆρχεν ἄνωθεν τό τῆς πίστεως καί τῆς θεογνωσίας σπέρμα διασωθέν, ᾧ καί ὤφθη λέγων· "Ἔξελθε ἐκ τῆς γῆς σου καί ἐκ τῆς συγγενείας σου καί δεῦρο εἰς γῆν ἥν ἄν σοι δείξω· ποιήσω σε εἰς ἔθνος μέγα" ᾧ καί δέδωκε τήν περιτομήν, οἱονεί σύσσημον καί σφραγῖδα γνωρίσας αὐτῷ ταύτην· καί ὤμοσεν αὐτῷ πληθῦναι τό σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ὡς τά ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καί ὡς τήν ἄμμον τήν παρά τό χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης. Μετά ταῦτα δέ ὤφθη πάλιν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεός καί φησί· "Γινώσκων γνώσῃ ὅτι πάροικον ἔσται τό σπέρμα σου ἐν γῇ οὐκ ἰδίᾳ", τήν εἰς Αἴγυπτον κάθοδον τοῦ Ἰωσήφ καί Ἰακώβ τοῦ πατρός αὐτοῦ καί τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτοῦ προμηνύων αὐτῷ· ἐξ ὧν καί ἐπληθύνθη ἐκεῖ ἡ μερίς αὕτη καί ἐγένετο εἰς ἔθνος μέγα, οὕς καί διά Μωσέως ἐκεῖθεν ἐξήγαγε, τόν ἀμνόν πρότερον αὐτοῖς τόν τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ ἀντίτυπον ἑστιάσας. Εἶτα καί διασχίσας τήν θάλασσαν καί διαβιβάσας αὐτούς καί εἰς τήν ἔρημον ἀναγαγών καί διαθρέψας αὐτούς ἐκεῖ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη, ἐγενήθη "μερίς Κυρίου, λαός αὐτοῦ Ἰακώβ, σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ Ἰσραήλ.

Εἶχον οὖν οὗτοι τήν περιτομήν ὡς σφραγῖδα καί πάντες (133) περιετέμνοντο καί ἦν ἐκ τούτου ἡ μερίς Κυρίου, ὡς εἴρηται, γνώριμος καθαπερεί προβάτων ἀγέλη βασιλικῶν, ἕκαστον αὐτῶν σφραγῖδα τήν περιτομήν ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ μορίῳ ἐπιφερόμενον· καί τοῦτο πρός τό μή συμμίγνυσθαι τοῖς λοιποῖς προβάτοις, ἤγουν τοῖς ἔθνεσι, τοῖς εἰς θηρίων καί ἀλόγων τάξιν ὑπό τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀγνωσίας κατενεχθεῖσι, σοφῶς ᾠκονομήθη ἀπό Θεοῦ. ∆ιά τί δέ οὐκ ἐν ἄλλῳ μέρει τοῦ σώματος, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν αὐτῷ τήν σφραγῖδα ὑπέθετο γίνεσθαι; Ἐπειδή ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἡ σπορά προέρχεται καί ἡ κατά σάρκα γένεσις τοῦ ὅλου ἀνθρώπου γίνεται. Ἄλλως τε δέ καί ὡς ὅλον ἄνθρωπον τήν σάρκα ἀποδυόμενον διά τούτου ἡμῖν ὑποζωγραφεῖ, ὡς ἄν ἐκ ταύτης κἀκεῖνοι ὡς τῆς σαρκός τέκνα γνώριμοι ὦσι καί τύπος γένηται τῆς πενυματικῆς περιτομῆς τῶν δίχα ῥεύσεως καί συνουσίας καί φθορᾶς ἀναγεννᾶσθαι μελλόντων ὕστερον τέκνων πνευματικῶν, ἵν᾿ ὅταν ἐκείνη φανῇ, αὐτή τηνικαῦτα παυθῇ καί ἐν τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκός ἕκαστον τῶν προβάτων ἀντ᾿ αὐτῆς τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ σφραγισθῇ, ἐν τῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ περιτομῇ δηλονότι κατά τόν Παῦλον καί τῇ ἀπεκδύσει τῆς σαρκός, αὐτοῦ φημι τοῦ γηΐνου φρονήματος, περιτεμνομένων ἡμῶν μυστικῶς μέν, ἐν αἰσθήσει δέ ψυχῆς καί γνώσει γινομένων αὐτῆς.

ε΄. Ὅτι τῷ παραχθέντι πρώτῳ κατ᾿ ἀρχάς κόσμῳ ἕτεροι δύο συνεπεγένοντο, ὧν ὁ

ἔσχατος τύπος ἐστί τῶν μετά ταῦτα μελλόντων γενέσθαι, μέσος τις ὤν τῶν ἀρχαίων καί τῶν ἐξ ὕστερον· καί τίνος ἦν εἰκών ἡ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας γῆ καί τά ἑξῆς. (133)