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whether the earth is a sphere, or a cylinder, or it resembles a disc, and is turned on a lathe equally from all sides, or it is winnow-shaped, and hollow in the middle (for those who have written about the cosmos have been carried into all these suppositions, each one refuting the others), I will not on this account be led to say that our cosmogony is less honorable, since Moses, the servant of God, did not discuss shapes, nor did he say that the perimeter of the earth is one hundred and eighty thousand stades; and he did not measure how far its shadow, in the sun's motion under the earth, extends into the air; and how this, being brought upon the moon, produces the eclipses. Since he was silent on what is of no concern to us as being useless to us; for this reason shall I consider the oracles of the Spirit less honorable than wisdom which has been made foolish? Or shall I rather glorify him who did not busy our mind with vain things, but arranged that all things be written for the building up and perfecting of our souls? It seems to me that some, not understanding this, have attempted by certain allegories and tropological senses to attribute a certain majesty to the scriptures from their own mind. But this is the action of one making himself wiser than the oracles of the Spirit, and under the pretense of interpretation, introducing his own ideas. Let it be understood, therefore, as it is written. 9.2 Let the earth bring forth the living soul of cattle and beasts and creeping things. Understand the word of God running through creation, which began then, and is active until now, and will be effective until the end, until the world is completed. For as a sphere, when it has been pushed by someone, and then encounters a slope, is carried downwards both by its own construction and the suitability of the place, not stopping before some level ground receives it; so the nature of beings, having been set in motion by a single command, passes evenly through creation in generation and corruption, preserving the successions of the kinds through likeness, until it reaches the very end. For it makes a horse the successor of a horse, and a lion of a lion, and an eagle of an eagle; and each of the animals, being preserved by successive generations, it sends on until the consummation of all things. No time makes the properties of animals corrupt or extinct, but just as if it were newly established, nature ever runs alongside time, fresh. Let the earth bring forth a living soul. This command remained in the earth, and it does not cease to serve the Creator. For some are produced from the succession of pre-existing ones; but others are shown to be brought to life even now from the earth itself. For not only does it send forth cicadas in rainy seasons, nor countless other kinds of winged creatures borne in the air, most of which are unnameable because of their smallness, but it also yields mice and frogs from itself. Indeed, in the region of Thebes in Egypt, whenever it rains heavily in the hot season, the country is immediately filled with field mice. And we see eels formed in no other way than from the mud; for them, neither an egg nor any other manner establishes the succession, but their generation is from the earth. Let the earth bring forth a soul. Cattle are earthly and inclined towards the earth, but the heavenly plant, man, differs as much in the form of his bodily constitution as in the dignity of his soul. What is the form of the quadrupeds? Their head is inclined towards the ground, it looks upon the belly, and pursues its pleasure in every way. Your head is raised up towards heaven; your eyes look upwards, so that if ever you dishonor yourself by the passions of the flesh, serving the belly and the things under the belly, you have been compared to the senseless beasts, and have become like them. Another care is fitting for you, to seek the things that are above, where Christ is, to be above earthly things in your mind. As you have been formed, so arrange your life also. Have your citizenship in heaven. Your true fatherland is the Jerusalem above, your fellow citizens and kinsmen are the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven. 9.3

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σφαῖρά ἐστιν, εἴτε κύλινδρος, εἴτε καὶ δίσκῳ ἐστὶν ἐμφερὴς ἡ γῆ, καὶ ἐξίσου πάντοθεν ἀποτετόρνευ ται, ἢ λικνοειδής ἐστι, καὶ μεσόκοιλος (πρὸς πάσας γὰρ ταύτας τὰς ὑπονοίας οἱ τὰ περὶ τοῦ κόσμου γράψαντες ὑπηνέχθησαν, τὰ ἀλλήλων ἕκαστος καταλύοντες), οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο προαχθήσομαι ἀτιμοτέραν εἰπεῖν τὴν ἡμετέραν κοσ μοποιίαν, ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν περὶ σχημάτων ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ θεράπων Μωϋσῆς διελέχθη, οὐδὲ εἶπε δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ μυριάδας σταδίων τὸ περίμετρον ἔχειν τῆς γῆς· καὶ τὸ ἀπ' αὐτῆς σκίασμα, ἐν τῇ ὑπὸ γῆν τοῦ ἡλίου κινήσει, ἐπὶ πόσον χωρεῖ τοῦ ἀέρος οὐ διεμέτρησε· καὶ πῶς τοῦτο τῇ σελήνῃ προσεν εχθὲν τὰς ἐκλείψεις ποιεῖ. Ἐπειδὴ τὰ μηδὲν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὡς ἄχρηστα ἡμῖν ἀπεσιώπησεν· ἆρα τούτου ἕνεκεν ἀτιμότερα ἡγήσομαι τῆς μωρανθείσης σοφίας τὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος λόγια; ἢ μᾶλλον δοξάσω τὸν μὴ ἀπασχολήσαντα τὸν νοῦν ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τὰ μάταια, ἀλλὰ πάντα εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ καταρτισμὸν τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν γραφῆναι οἰκονομήσαντα; Ὅ μοι δοκοῦσι μὴ συνειδότες τινὲς, παραγωγαῖς τισι καὶ τροπολογίαις σεμνότητά τινα ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας αὐτῶν διανοίας ἐπεχείρησαν τοῖς γεγραμμένοις ἐπιφημίσαι. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἑαυτὸν σοφώτερον ποιοῦντος τῶν λογίων τοῦ Πνεύματος, καὶ ἐν προσποιήσει ἐξηγήσεως τὰ ἑαυτοῦ παρεισάγοντος. Νοείσθω τοίνυν ὡς γέγραπται. 9.2 Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν κτηνῶν καὶ θηρίων καὶ ἑρπετῶν. Νόησον ῥῆμα Θεοῦ διὰ τῆς κτίσεως τρέχον, καὶ τότε ἀρξάμενον, καὶ μέχρι νῦν ἐνεργοῦν, καὶ εἰς τέλος δεξιὸν, ἕως ἂν ὁ κόσμος συμπληρωθῇ. Ὡς γὰρ ἡ σφαῖρα, ἐπειδὰν ὑπό τινος ἀπωσθῇ, εἶτα πρανοῦς τινος λάβηται, ὑπό τε τῆς οἰκείας κατασκευῆς καὶ τῆς ἐπιτηδειότητος τοῦ χωρίου φέρεται πρὸς τὸ κάταντες, οὐ πρότερον ἱσταμένη πρὶν ἄν τι τῶν ἰσοπέδων αὐτὴν ὑποδέξηται· οὕτως ἡ φύσις τῶν ὄντων ἑνὶ προστάγματι κινηθεῖσα, τὴν ἐν τῇ γενέσει καὶ φθορᾷ κτίσιν ὁμαλῶς διεξέρχεται, τὰς τῶν γενῶν ἀκολουθίας δι' ὁμοιότητος ἀποσώζουσα, ἕως ἂν πρὸς αὐτὸ καταντήσῃ τὸ τέλος. Ἵππον μὲν γὰρ ἵππου ποιεῖται διάδοχον, καὶ λέοντα λέοντος, καὶ ἀετὸν ἀετοῦ· καὶ ἕκαστον τῶν ζῴων ταῖς ἐφεξῆς διαδοχαῖς συντηρούμενον μέχρι τῆς συντελείας τοῦ παντὸς παραπέμπει. Οὐδεὶς χρόνος διεφθαρμένα ἢ ἐξίτηλα ποιεῖ τῶν ζῴων τὰ ἰδιώματα, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἄρτι καθισταμένη ἡ φύσις ἀεὶ νεαρὰ τῷ χρόνῳ συμπαρατρέχει. Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχὴν ζῶσαν. Τοῦτο ἐναπέμεινε τῇ γῇ τὸ πρόσταγμα, καὶ οὐ παύεται ἐξυπηρετουμένη τῷ κτίσαντι. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἐκ τῆς διαδοχῆς τῶν προϋπαρχόντων παράγεται· τὰ δὲ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς γῆς ζῳογονούμενα δείκνυται. Οὐ γὰρ μόνον τέττιγας ἐν ἐπομβρίαις ἀνίησιν, οὐδὲ ἄλλα μυρία γένη τῶν ἐμφερομένων τῷ ἀέρι πτηνῶν, ὧν ἀκατωνόμαστά ἐστι τὰ πλεῖστα διὰ λεπτότητα, ἀλλ' ἤδη καὶ μῦς καὶ βατράχους ἐξ αὐτῆς ἀναδίδωσιν. Ὅπου γε περὶ Θήβας τὰς Αἰγυπτίας ἐπειδὰν ὕσῃ λάβρως ἐν καύμασιν, εὐθὺς ἀρουραίων μυῶν ἡ χώρα καταπληροῦται. Τὰς δὲ ἐγχέλεις οὐδὲ ἄλλως ὁρῶμεν ἢ ἐκ τῆς ἰλύος συνισταμένας· ὧν οὔτε ὠὸν οὔτε τις ἄλλος τρόπος τὴν διαδοχὴν συνίστησιν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ἡ γένεσις. Ἐξαγαγέτω ἡ γῆ ψυχήν. Τὰ κτήνη γήϊνα καὶ πρὸς γῆν νενευκότα, ἀλλὰ τὸ οὐράνιον φυτὸν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὅσον τῷ σχήματι τῆς σωματικῆς διαπλάσεως, τοσοῦτον καὶ τῷ ἀξιώματι τῆς ψυχῆς διενήνοχε. Τῶν τετραπόδων τὸ σχῆμα ποταπόν; Ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτῶν ἐπὶ γῆν προσνένευκεν, ἐπὶ γαστέρα βλέπει, καὶ τὸ ταύτης ἡδὺ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου διώκει. Ἡ σὴ κεφαλὴ πρὸς οὐρανὸν διανέστηκεν· οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου τὰ ἄνω βλέπουσιν, ὡς ἐάν ποτε καὶ σὺ τοῖς πάθεσι τῆς σαρκὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀτιμάσῃς, γαστρὶ δουλεύων καὶ τοῖς ὑπὸ γαστέρα, παρασυνεβλήθης τοῖς κτήνεσι τοῖς ἀνοήτοις, καὶ ὡμοιώθης αὐτοῖς. Ἄλλη σοι μέριμνα πρέπουσα, τὰ ἄνω ζητεῖν, οὗ ὁ Χριστός ἐστιν, ὑπὲρ τὰ γήϊνα εἶναι τῇ διανοίᾳ. Ὡς διεσχηματίσθης, οὕτω διάθου σεαυτοῦ καὶ τὸν βίον. Τὸ πολίτευμα ἔχε ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ἀληθινή σου πατρὶς ἡ ἄνω Ἱερουσαλὴμ, πολῖται καὶ συμφυλέται οἱ πρωτότοκοι, οἱ ἀπογεγραμμένοι ἐν οὐρανοῖς. 9.3