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formerly cast out, scattered among barbarians and countless nations, hated by all men, abominable, and exposed to suffering evil from all. Certainly; for you did not receive rewards because you slew the enemy of God; this is madness and nonsense. For what you now suffer is not the lot of those who kill the enemies of God, but of those who destroy His friends. But, good sirs, we do not say these things, they say; we suffer these things because of our sins. Do you now confess, you disobedient ones? And what sins? Tell 55.111 me. For is it now for the first time that you have sinned? Indeed, you have now become more decent. But not this yet; but I would ask you this: Why is it that, while always sinning before, you received loving-kindness from God, but now you do not, and what is more paradoxical, you now sin less? For then you were initiated into the rites of Baal-peor, and you worshipped the calf, and you slew your sons, and you killed your daughters, and this while enjoying signs; but now, not seeing the sea divided, nor a rock broken, nor prophets arriving, not enjoying the usual providence, yet you show greater decency. Why then, when the sins are fewer, and the temperance greater, is the chastisement and the punishment greater? Is it not clear even to the extremely foolish, that it is because the present sin is greater? For as long as you sinned against the servants, you received pardon, killing and stoning prophets; but since you stretched out your hands against the Master, your wound has henceforth become incurable. Therefore four hundred years have now passed since the very ground of the city has vanished, the priesthood has been abolished, the kingdom dissolved, the tribes have been confused, all those venerable and splendid things have disappeared, and not even a trace is with you; which has never happened before. But in the beginning, even when the temple was destroyed, the prophets remained, and the gifts of the Spirit, and miracles; but now, that you may clearly learn that God has turned away from you forever, these things too have been taken away; and slavery, and captivity, and the loss of all things has befallen you, and what is hardest of all, abandonment by God. 4. And God has done the same thing, as if someone, having stripped an ungrateful servant of his clothes, one who was often flogged and not corrected, should let him wander naked, desolate, a vagabond, begging and being driven away everywhere. But formerly your situation was not such, but you had prophets with you, both in Egypt, and in Babylon, and in the desert; Moses in Egypt, in Babylon Daniel and Ezekiel, in Egypt again Jeremiah; and wonders upon wonders, and the nation became more glorious, as the captive kings among you became more exalted. But now all those things are gone, and the punishment is harder than before, not only in the length of time, but also in the great abandonment. For what reason then, tell me, when you sinned more greatly, did you enjoy such providence; but when, as you say, you were zealous for the law, you suffered worse things? For from this you accuse God of injustice, that He honored sinners, but dishonored the upright. For if you killed a deceiver, as you say, and did right; or, if God is just, as indeed He is just, He ought to have honored you, not punished you; but if He punishes you, it is clear that your present sins are harder. But if you are neither impious now, nor sacrifice your children, as before, what other sin 55.112 is there for which you have suffered harder things? Or is it clear that the audacity of the cross is the culmination of evils? This has destroyed you more than idolatry, and calf-making, and child-slaying. For it is not the same thing to slay one's own son, and to crucify one's own Master. For this reason, when you slew your sons, you enjoyed loving-kindness; but when you slew the Son of God and your Master,

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πρώην ἐκβεβλημένοι, ἐν μέσοις βαρβάροις καὶ μυρίοις ἔθνεσι διεσπαρμένοι, μισούμενοι παρὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων, βδελυροὶ, καὶ πᾶσιν εἰς τὸ κακῶς παθεῖν προκείμενοι. Πάνυ γε· οὐ γὰρ ἐλάβετε τὰ ἔπαθλα, ὅτι τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἐσφάξατε· μανία ταῦτα καὶ λῆρος. Ἃ γὰρ πάσχετε νῦν, οὐ τῶν ἐχθροὺς τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναιρούντων ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ τῶν φίλους διαχρωμένων. Ἀλλ', ὦ 'τᾶν, ταῦτα οὐ λέγομεν, φασί· διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ταῦτα πάσχομεν. Νῦν ἐξομολογεῖσθε οἱ ἀπειθεῖς; καὶ ποίας ἁμαρτίας; εἰ 55.111 πέ μοι. Μὴ γὰρ νῦν πρῶτον ἡμαρτήκατε; Νῦν μὲν οὖν καὶ ἐπιεικέστεροι γεγόνατε. Ἀλλὰ μήπω τοῦτο· ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο ἂν ὑμᾶς ἐροίμην· Τίνος ἕνεκεν ἀεὶ ἁμαρτάνοντες πρότερον ἐτυγχάνετε φιλανθρωπίας παρὰ Θεοῦ, νῦν δὲ οὐκέτι, καὶ τὸ δὴ παραδοξότερον, ὅτι ἐλάττονα νῦν ἁμαρτάνοντες; Τότε μὲν γὰρ καὶ τῷ Βεελφεγὼρ ἐτελεῖσθε, καὶ μόσχον προσεκυνήσατε, καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς ἐσφάξατε, καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας ὑμῶν ἀνείλετε, καὶ ταῦτα σημείων ἀπολαύοντες· νῦν δὲ οὐ θάλατταν ὁρῶντες σχιζομένην, οὐ πέτραν ῥηγνυμένην, οὐ προφήτας παραγινομένους, οὐ τῆς συνήθους ἀπολαύοντες προνοίας, ὅμως μείζονα ἐπιδείκνυσθε τὴν ἐπιείκειαν· τί δήποτε οὖν, ὅτε καὶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἐλάττονα, καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη πλείων, μείζων ἡ κόλασις καὶ ἡ τιμωρία; Οὐκ εὔδηλον καὶ τοῖς σφόδρα ἀνοήτοις, ὅτι ἐπειδὴ μεῖζον τὸ νῦν ἁμάρτημα; Ἕως μὲν γὰρ εἰς τοὺς δούλους ἡμαρτάνετε, ἐτυγχάνετε συγγνώμης, προφήτας ἀναιροῦντες καὶ λιθάζοντες· ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἰς τὸν ∆εσπότην τὰς χεῖρας ἐξετείνατε, ἀνίατον γέγονεν ὑμῖν τὸ ἕλκος λοιπόν. ∆ιὸ τετρακόσια λοιπὸν ἔτη παρῆλθον, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ αὐτὸ τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἔδαφος ἠφάνισται, ἡ ἱερωσύνη ἀνῄρηται, ἡ βασιλεία λέλυται, τὰ τῶν φυλῶν συγκέχυται, πάντα τὰ σεμνὰ ἐκεῖνα καὶ λαμπρὰ ἠφάνισται, καὶ οὐδὲ ἴχνος παρ' ὑμῖν· ὅπερ οὐδέποτε γέγονεν. Ἀλλ' ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν, καὶ τοῦ ναοῦ καθῃρημένου, οἱ προφῆται παρέμενον, καὶ Πνεύματος χορηγίαι, καὶ θαύματα· νυνὶ δὲ, ἵνα σαφῶς μάθητε ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ὑμᾶς ἀπέστραπται διηνεκῶς, καὶ ταῦτα ἀνῄρηται· καὶ δουλεία, καὶ αἰχμαλωσία, καὶ πάντων ἔκπτωσις κατέλαβε, καὶ τὸ πάντων χαλεπώτερον, Θεοῦ ἐγκατάλειψις. δʹ. Καὶ ταὐτὸν πεποίηκεν ὁ Θεὸς, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις δοῦλον ἀγνώμονα πολλάκις μαστιχθέντα καὶ μὴ διορθωθέντα ἀποδύσας τῶν ἱματίων, γυμνὸν, ἔρημον, ἀλήτην ἀφῇ πλανᾶσθαι, προσαιτοῦντα καὶ ἐλαυνόμενον πανταχοῦ. Πρότερον δὲ οὐ τοιαῦτα τὰ ὑμέτερα, ἀλλὰ καὶ προφῆται παρ' ὑμῖν, καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι, καὶ ἐν ἐρήμῳ· Μωϋσῆς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, ἐν Βαβυλῶνι ∆ανιὴλ καὶ Ἰεζεκιὴλ, ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πάλιν Ἱερεμίας· καὶ θαύματα ἐπὶ θαύμασι, καὶ λαμπρότερον τὸ ἔθνος ἐγίνετο, τῶν παρ' ὑμῖν αἰχμαλώτων βασιλέων ὑψηλοτέρων γενομένων. Ἀλλὰ νῦν πάντα ἐκεῖνα οἴχεται, καὶ ἡ τιμωρία χαλεπωτέρα τῶν προτέρων, οὐ μόνον τῷ μήκει τοῦ χρόνου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ πολλῇ ἐγκαταλείψει. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, ὅτε μείζονα ἡμαρτάνετε, τοσαύτης ἀπελαύετε προνοίας· ὅτε δὲ, ὥς φατε, καὶ ἐζηλώσατε ὑπὲρ τοῦ νόμου, χείρονα ἐπάθετε; Ἀπὸ γὰρ τούτου ἀδικίαν καταγινώσκετε τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅτι ἁμαρτάνοντας μὲν ἐτίμα, κατορθοῦντας δὲ ἠτίμασεν. Εἰ γὰρ πλάνον ἀνείλετε, ὥς φατε, καὶ κατωρθώσατε· ἢ, εἰ δίκαιος ὁ Θεὸς, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ δίκαιος, τιμᾷν ὑμᾶς ἔδει, οὐχὶ κολάζειν· εἰ δὲ κολάζει, εὔδηλον ὅτι τὰ νῦν ἁμαρτήματα ὑμῶν χαλεπώτερα. Εἰ δὲ οὔτε ἀσεβεῖτε νῦν, οὔτε τέκνα θύετε, ὡς πρὸ τούτου, ποῖον ἄλλο ἁμάρ 55.112 τημά ἐστι δι' ὃ χαλεπώτερα ἐπάθετε; Ἢ εὔδηλον, ὅτι τὸ τοῦ σταυροῦ τόλμημα ὁ κολοφὼν τῶν κακῶν; Τοῦτο καὶ εἰδωλολατρείας, καὶ μοσχοποιίας, καὶ παιδοκτονίας μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς ἀπώλεσεν. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἴσον, υἱὸν σφάξαι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ∆εσπότην τὸν ἑαυτοῦ σταυρῶσαι. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο, ὅτε μὲν τοὺς υἱοὺς ἔσφαττες, φιλανθρωπίας ἀπέλαυες· ὅτε δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν Υἱὸν καὶ σὸν ∆εσπότην,