John Chrysostom, On Matthew

being led to this unjust slaughter. But if you are still fainthearted, and are unequal to the philosophy required for these things, learn the end of him who dared these things, and take a little breath. For a most swift justice overtook him for these things, and he paid the fitting penalty for this pollution, ending his life by a grievous death, more pitiable than what was now dared, 57.179 and suffering countless other evils, as you will know by going through the history of Josephus concerning these matters; which, so that we may not make our discourse long and break the continuity, we have not thought it necessary to insert into our present work. Then was fulfilled what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet, saying: A voice was heard in Ramah, Rachel weeping for her children, and she would not be comforted, because they are not. For since, having narrated these things—the violent, the unjust, the most cruel, the lawless slaughter—he has filled the hearer with shuddering, he comforts him again, saying that these things did not happen because God was unable to prevent them, nor because He was ignorant, but because He both foresaw and proclaimed them beforehand through the Prophet. Therefore, do not be troubled, nor lose heart, looking to His ineffable providence, which can especially be seen both through what He works and through what He permits; which indeed He also hinted at elsewhere when discoursing with His disciples. For when He proclaimed beforehand to them the courts of justice, the arrests, the wars of the world, and the implacable battle, strengthening their souls and comforting them He says: Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? And one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father who is in heaven. And He said these things, showing that nothing happens without His knowledge, but that while He knows all things, He does not work all things. Therefore, He says, do not be disturbed, nor be troubled. For He who knows what you suffer, and is able to prevent it, it is clear that in His providence and care for you He does not prevent it; which we must also bear in mind in our own trials; and from this we shall receive sufficient comfort. And what, he says, has Rachel to do with Bethlehem? someone might perhaps say; for it says, Rachel weeping for her children; and what has Ramah to do with Rachel? Rachel was the mother of Benjamin, and when she died they buried her at the hippodrome which is near this place. Since, therefore, both the tomb was nearby, and the lot of land belonged to this one's child, Benjamin (for Ramah was of the tribe of Benjamin); from both the patriarch and the place of her burial he fittingly calls the slaughtered children hers. Then, showing that the wound that occurred was incurable and cruel, he says: She would not be comforted, because they are not. Again from this we are taught this, which I said before, never to be troubled when what happens is contrary to the promise of God. Behold, then, when He had come for the salvation of the people, or rather for the salvation of the world, what sort of things were the preludes. The mother is in flight, the homeland falls into incurable calamities, and a slaughter is dared, the bitterest of all slaughters, and there is much lamentation and mourning and wailing everywhere. But do not be disturbed; for He is always accustomed to fulfill His own economies through their opposites, thereby providing us with the greatest proof of His power. Thus also He led His own disciples, and prepared them to accomplish all things, ordering opposite things through their opposites, so that the wonder might be greater. For they too, being scourged, and 57.180 persecuted, and suffering countless terrible things, thus overcame those who scourged and persecuted them. But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appears in a dream to Joseph, saying: Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel. He no longer says, Flee, but, Go. 4. Do you see again relief after the trial? then after the relief, danger again? For he was released from exile, and returned to his own country, and saw the murderer of the children slaughtered; but upon setting foot in his own land, he again finds remnants of the former dangers, the son of the tyrant

ἐπὶ τὴν ἄδικον ταύτην ἀγομένων σφαγήν. Εἰ δὲ ἔτι μικροψυχεῖς, καὶ ἐλάττων εἶ τῆς ἐπὶ τούτοις φιλοσοφίας, μάθε τοῦ ταῦτα τολμήσαντος τὸ τέλος, καὶ μικρὸν ἀνάπνευσον. Ταχίστη γὰρ αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τούτων κατέλαβε δίκη, καὶ τοῦ μιάσματος τούτου τὴν προσήκουσαν ἐδίδου τιμωρίαν, θανάτῳ χαλεπῷ καὶ τοῦ νῦν τολμηθέντος ἐλεεινοτέρῳ 57.179 καταλύων τὸν βίον, καὶ ἕτερα μυρία πάσχων κακὰ, ὅπερ εἴσεσθε τὴν Ἰωσήπου περὶ τούτων ἱστορίαν ἐπελθόντες· ἢν, ἵνα μὴ μακρὸν ποιῶμεν τὸν λόγον καὶ τὴν συνέχειαν διακόπτωμεν, οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι ἐνομίσαμεν τοῖς παροῦσιν ἐνθεῖναι. Τότε ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἱερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· Φωνὴ ἐν Ῥαμᾶ ἠκούσθη, Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰτέκνα αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἤθελε παρακληθῆναι, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσίν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ φρίκης ἐνέπλησε τὸν ἀκροατὴν ταῦτα διηγησάμενος, τὴν σφαγὴν τὴν βιαίαν, τὴν ἄδικον, τὴν ὠμοτάτην, τὴν παράνομον, παραμυθεῖται πάλιν αὐτὸν, λέγων, ὅτι οὐκ ἀδυνατοῦντος τοῦ Θεοῦ κωλῦσαι ταῦτα ἐγίνετο, οὐδὲ ἀγνοοῦντος, ἀλλὰ καὶ προειδότος καὶ προανακηρύττοντος διὰ τοῦ Προφήτου. Μὴ τοίνυν θορυβηθῇς, μηδὲ καταπέσῃς, εἰς τὴν ἀπόῤῥητον αὐτοῦ πρόνοιαν ἀφορῶν, ἣν καὶ δι' ὧν ἐνεργεῖ, καὶ δι' ὧν συγχωρεῖ, μάλιστά ἐστιν ἰδεῖν· ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τοῖς μαθηταῖς διαλεγόμενος ᾐνίξατο. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ δικαστήρια, καὶ τὰς ἀπαγωγὰς, καὶ τοὺς τῆς οἰκουμένης πολέμους, καὶ τὴν ἄσπονδον μάχην αὐτοῖς προανεκήρυττεν, ἀνέχων αὐτῶν τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ παραμυθούμενός φησιν· Οὐχὶ δύο στρουθία ἀσσαρίου πωλεῖται; καὶ ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν οὐ πεσεῖται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἄνευ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲν ἀγνοοῦντος αὐτοῦ γίνεται, ἀλλ' εἰδότος μὲν ἅπαντα, οὐ μὴν πάντα ἐνεργοῦντος Μὴ τοίνυν, φησὶ, ταράττεσθε, μηδὲ θορυβεῖσθε. Ὁ γὰρ εἰδὼς ἃ πάσχετε, καὶ κωλῦσαι δυνάμενος, εὔδηλον ὅτι προνοῶν ὑμῶν καὶ κηδόμενος οὐ κωλύει· ὅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πειρασμῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐννοεῖν δεῖ· καὶ ἱκανὴν ἐντεῦθεν ληψόμεθα τὴν παράκλησιν. Καὶ τί, φησὶ, κοινὸν τῇ Ῥαχὴλ πρὸς τὴν Βηθλεέμ; ἴσως εἴποι τις ἄν· Ῥαχὴλ γὰρ, φησὶ, κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς· Τί δὲ τῇ Ῥαμᾶ πρὸς τὴν Ῥαχήλ; Ἡ Ῥαχὴλ μήτἦν τοῦ Βενιαμὶν, καὶ τελευτήσασαν αὐτὴν εἰς τὸν ἱππόδρομον ἔθαψαν τὸν πλησίον ὄντα τοῦ χωρίου τούτου. Ἐπεὶ οὖν καὶ ὁ τάφος πλησίον, καὶ ὁ κλῆρος τοῦ παιδίου ταύτης ἦν τοῦ Βενιαμίν (ἡ γὰρ Ῥαμᾶ τῆς Βενιαμίτιδος ἦν φυλῆς)· ἀπό τε τοῦ φυλάρχου, ἀπό τε τοῦ τόπου τῆς ταφῆς εἰκότως αὐτῆς τὰ παιδία τὰ σφαγιασθέντα καλεῖ. Εἶτα δεικνὺς ὅτι ἀνίατον ἦν τὸ συμβὰν ἕλκος καὶ ὠμὸν, φησίν· Οὐκ ἤθελε παρακληθῆναι, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσί. Πάλιν κἀντεῦθεν παιδευόμεθα τοῦτο, ὅπερ ἔμπροσθεν ἔλεγον, τὸ μηδέποτε θορυβεῖσθαι, ὅταν τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑποσχέσει τὰ γινόμενα ἐναντία ᾗ. Ἰδοὺ γοῦν παραγενομένου αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ τῆς οἰκουμένης, οἷα γέγονε τὰ προοίμια. Ἐν φυγῇ μὲν ἡ μήτηρ, συμφοραῖς δὲ ἀνηκέστοις ἡ πατρὶς περιπίπτει, καὶ τολμᾶται φόνος πάντων φόνων ὁ πικρότατος, καὶ θρῆνος καὶ ὀδυρμὸς πολὺς καὶ οἰμωγαὶ πανταχοῦ. Ἀλλὰ μὴ ταραχθῇς· εἴωθε γὰρ ἀεὶ διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων τὰς οἰκονομίας τὰς ἑαυτοῦ πληροῦν, μεγίστην ἐντεῦθεν τῆς αὐτοῦ δυνάμεως παρεχόμενος ἡμῖν ἀπόδειξιν. Οὕτω καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἐνῆγε τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ κατορθοῦν πάντα παρεσκεύαζε, διὰ τῶν ἐναντίων τὰ ἐναντία οἰκονομῶν, ἵνα μεῖζον τὸ θαῦμα γένηται. Μαστιζόμενοι γοῦν κἀκεῖνοι, καὶ 57.180 ἐλαυνόμενοι, καὶ μυρία πάσχοντες δεινὰ, οὕτω τῶν μαστιζόντων καὶ ἐλαυνόντων περιεγένοντο. Τελευτήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Ἡρώδου, ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος Κυρίου κατ' ὄναρ φαίνεται τῷ Ἰωσὴφ, λέγων· Ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, καὶ πορεύου εἰς γῆν Ἰσραήλ. Οὐκέτι φησὶ, Φεῦγε, ἀλλὰ, Πορεύου. δʹ. Εἶδες πάλιν μετὰ τὸν πειρασμὸν ἄνεσιν; εἶτα μετὰ τὴν ἄνεσιν κίνδυνον πάλιν; Τῆς μὲν γὰρ ὑπερορίας ἀφείθη, καὶ πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπανῆλθε χώραν, καὶ τὸν φονέα τῶν παίδων σφαγιασθέντα εἶδεν· ἐπιβὰς δὲ τῆς οἰκείας, πάλιν λείψανα τῶν προτέρων εὑρίσκει κινδύνων, τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ τυράννου