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calling. For just as the boxer is eager to leave the stadium, so that he may be released from his wounds; and the athlete desires to depart the theater, so that he may be freed from his labors; so too he who lives a harsh and very rough life with virtue desires death, so that he may be released from present toils, and may have courage concerning the crowns laid up for him, having sailed into the fair-weather harbor, and having removed there, where it is no longer possible to suspect a shipwreck. For this reason God has also made our life by nature toilsome and wearisome, so that being compelled by the affliction here, we may conceive a desire for the things to come. For if now, when so many griefs, and dangers, and fears, and cares surround us on all sides, we are so attached to the present life, if none of these things existed, but our whole life were one without grief and without hardship, when would we have desired the things to come?

4. So also God did to the Jews; for wishing to instill in them a desire for the return, and to persuade them to hate Egypt, He allowed them to be distressed with clay and brick-making, so that, being choked by the greatness of the toils and that hardship, they might cry out to God concerning the return. For if, indeed, when these things had happened, after they departed they again remembered Egypt, 49.86 and the harsh slavery, and were eager to return to their former tyranny, if they had not experienced such things from the barbarians, when would they have wished to leave the foreign land? So that we too, therefore, might not be nailed to the earth and, gaping at present things, be grieved, and forget the things to come, God made our life wearisome. Let us not, then, embrace the present life beyond what is fitting. For what benefit is there to us? And what gain from being excessively attached to the desire for the present life? Do you wish to learn why the present life is good? Because it becomes for us the foundation and starting-point of the life to come, and is the wrestling-ground and race-course for the crowns there; so that if it did not provide this for us, it would be more wretched than a thousand deaths. For if we are not going to please God while living, it is better to die. For what is the advantage? What is the surplus? Do we not see the same sun and the same moon each day? Not the same winter? Not the same summer? Not the same things? What has been? The very thing that will be. What has been done? The very thing that will be done. Therefore let us neither simply call the living blessed, nor mourn for the dying; but let us lament those who are in sins, whether they are living, or whether they are dead; and again, let us call blessed those in righteousness, wherever they may happen to be. You, then, fear one death, and you mourn; but Paul, dying daily, not only did not weep on account of this, but also rejoiced and was glad. "Would that I too were in peril for God's sake," he says, "and I would not have cared." But do not be disheartened now either; for not only is he who suffers something for God's sake approved, but also he who suffers something unjustly, and bears it nobly, and gives thanks to God who allows it, is no less than he who suffers these things for God's sake. Since even the blessed Job received those many and unbearable blows, when the devil was plotting against him vainly and randomly and without cause, but nevertheless, because he bore it nobly, and gave thanks to God who allowed these things, he bound on the whole crown. Therefore, do not be grieved because of death; for it is of nature; be grieved for sin; for the crime is of choice. But if you are grieved for the dead, be pained also for those who are born; for just as this is of nature, so also is that of nature. If, then, someone threatens death, say to him: I have been taught by Christ not to fear those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. If he threatens confiscation of property, say to him: Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked I shall depart; We brought nothing into this world, it is clear that we can take nothing out; and if you do not take it, death

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καλοῦντας. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ πυκτεύων ἐπείγεται τοῦ σταδίου ἐξελθεῖν, ἵνα ἀπαλλαγῇ τῶν τραυμάτων· καὶ ὁ ἀθλητὴς ἀναστῆναι τὸ θέατρον ἐπιθυμεῖ, ἵνα ἐλευθερωθῇ τῶν πόνων· οὕτω καὶ ὁ ἐν σκληρῷ καὶ τραχυτάτῳ βίῳ ζῶν μετ' ἀρετῆς, ἐπιθυμεῖ τῆς τελευτῆς, ἵνα καὶ τῶν πόνων ἀπαλλαγῇ τῶν παρόντων, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀποκειμένων ἔχῃ στεφάνων θαῤῥεῖν πρὸς τὸν εὔδιον καταπλεύσας λιμένα, καὶ ἐκεῖ μεταστὰς, ἔνθα λοιπὸν οὐκ ἔστιν ὑποπτεῦσαι ναυάγιον. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐπίπονον φύσει καὶ μοχθηρὸν τὸν βίον ἡμῶν κατεσκεύασεν, ἵνα ὑπὸ τῆς ἐνταῦθα συνωθούμενοι θλίψεως, ἐπιθυμίαν τῶν μελλόντων λάβωμεν. Εἰ γὰρ νῦν τοσούτων ὄντων τῶν λυπηρῶν, καὶ κινδύνων, καὶ φόβων καὶ φροντίδων πάντοθεν ἡμᾶς περιστοιχιζομένων, οὕτως ἐμφιλοχωροῦμεν τῇ παρούσῃ ζωῇ, εἰ μηδὲν τούτων ἦν, ἀλλ' ἄλυπός τις καὶ ἀταλαίπωρος ὁ βίος ἡμῖν ἅπας ἐγίνετο, πότε ἂν ἐπεθυμήσαμεν τῶν μελλόντων;

δʹ. Οὕτω καὶ Ἰουδαίοις ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός· καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνους βουλόμενος εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἐμβαλεῖν τῆς ἐπανόδου, καὶ πεῖσαι μισῆσαι τὴν Αἴγυπτον, συνεχώρησε τῷ πηλῷ καὶ τῇ πλινθείᾳ ταλαιπωρεῖσθαι, ἵνα τῷ μεγέθει τῶν πόνων καὶ τῆς ταλαιπωρίας ἐκείνης ἀγχόμενοι βοήσωσι πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν περὶ τῆς ἐπανόδου. Εἰ γὰρ δὴ τούτων γενομένων ἐξελθόντες πάλιν ἐμέμνηντο τῆς Αἰγύπτου, 49.86 καὶ τῆς χαλεπῆς δουλείας καὶ πρὸς τὴν προτέραν τυραννίδα ὑποστρέφειν ἠπείγοντο, εἰ μὴ τοιούτων ἐπειράθησαν τῶν βαρβάρων, πότε ἂν ἀφεῖναι τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν ἠθέλησαν; Ἵνα οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς μὴ τῇ γῇ προσηλωμένοι καὶ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα κεχηνότες ἀλγῶμεν, καὶ ἐπιλανθανώμεθα τῶν μελλόντων, μοχθηρὸν ἡμῖν τὸν βίον ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεός. Μὴ τοίνυν περιεχώμεθα πέρα τοῦ δέοντος τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς. Τί γὰρ ὄφελος ἡμῖν; ποῖον δὲ κέρδος ἐκ τοῦ προσηλῶσθαι μεθ' ὑπερβολῆς τῇ τοῦ παρόντος βίου ἐπιθυμίᾳ; Βούλει μαθεῖν διὰ τί καλὸν ἡ παροῦσα ζωή; Ὅτι τῆς μελλούσης ζωῆς ἡμῖν ὑπόθεσις γίνεται καὶ ἀφορμὴ, καὶ σκάμμα καὶ στάδιον τῶν ἐκεῖ στεφάνων ἐστίν· ὡς εἰ μὴ τοῦτο παράσχοι ἡμῖν, μυρίων θανάτων ἐστὶν ἐλεεινοτέρα. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ μέλλομεν ζῶντες ἀρέσκειν Θεῷ, βέλτιον ἀποθανεῖν. Τί γὰρ τὸ πλέον; τί τὸ περιττόν; Οὐχὶ τὸν αὐτὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν σελήνην καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ὁρῶμεν; οὐχὶ τὸν αὐτὸν χειμῶνα; οὐχὶ τὸ αὐτὸ θέρος; οὐχὶ τὰ αὐτὰ πράγματα; Τί τὸ γεγονός; αὐτὸ τὸ γενησόμενον. Τί τὸ πεποιημένον; αὐτὸ τὸ ποιηθησόμενον. Μὴ τοίνυν μήτε τοὺς ζῶντας ἁπλῶς μακαρίζωμεν, μήτε τοὺς ἀποθνήσκοντας θρηνῶμεν· ἀλλὰ τοὺς μὲν ἐν ἁμαρτίαις ὄντας, κἂν ζῶσι, κἂν τετελευτηκότες ὦσιν, ὀδυρώμεθα· τοὺς δὲ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ μακαρίζωμεν πάλιν, ὅπουπερ ἂν τύχωσιν ὄντες. Σὺ μὲν οὖν ἕνα δέδοικας θάνατον, καὶ θρηνεῖς· ὁ Παῦλος δὲ καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἀποθνήσκων οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐδάκρυε διὰ τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔχαιρε καὶ ἠγάλλετο. Εἴθε κἀγὼ διὰ τὸν Θεὸν ἐκινδύνευον, φησὶ, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἐφρόντισα. Ἀλλὰ μηδὲ νῦν καταπέσῃς· οὐδὲ γὰρ μόνον ὁ διὰ τὸν Θεόν τι πάσχων εὐδοκιμεῖ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ ἀδίκως τι πάσχων, καὶ φέρων γενναίως, καὶ εὐχαριστῶν τῷ συγχωροῦντι Θεῷ, οὐκ ἐλάττων τοῦ διὰ τὸν Θεὸν ταῦτα πάσχοντός ἐστιν. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ μακάριος Ἰὼβτὰς πολλὰς καὶ ἀφορήτους ἐκείνας πληγὰς ἐδέξατο, τοῦ διαβόλου μάτην καὶ εἰκῆ καὶ ἁπλῶς ἐπιβουλεύοντος, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἐπειδὴ γενναίως ἤνεγκε, καὶ ηὐχαρίστησε τῷ ταῦτα συγχωροῦντι Θεῷ, ὁλόκληρον τὸν στέφανον ἀνεδήσατο. Μὴ τοίνυν λυποῦ διὰ τὸν θάνατον· φύσεως γάρ ἐστι· λυποῦ δι' ἁμαρτίαν· προαιρέσεως γὰρ τὸ ἔγκλημα. Εἰ δὲ λυπῇ διὰ τοὺς ἀποθανόντας, ἄλγει καὶ διὰ τοὺς γεννωμένους· ὥσπερ γὰρ τοῦτο φύσεως, οὕτω κἀκεῖνο φύσεως. Ἂν τοίνυν ἀπειλήσῃ τις θάνατον, εἰπὲ πρὸς αὐτόν· Ἐπαιδεύθην παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μὴ φοβεῖσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεινόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι. Ἂν ἀπειλῇ δήμευσιν οὐσίας, εἰπὲ πρὸς αὐτόν· Γυμνὸς ἐξῆλθον ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός μου, γυμνὸς καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι· Οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον, δῆλον ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνησόμεθα· κἂν μὴ σὺ λάβῃς, θάνατος