John Chrysostom, On Matthew

living and reigning. And how did Archelaus reign over Judea, when Pontius Pilate was governor? The death had happened recently, and the kingdom had not yet been divided into many parts; but as that one had just passed away, for the time being the son held the rule in place of Herod his father; for this was also the name of his brother; therefore the Evangelist added, In the place of his father Herod. But if, he says, he was afraid to enter Judea because of Archelaus, he ought also to have feared Galilee because of Herod. But if he changed the region, the matter was henceforth obscured; for the whole assault was against Bethlehem and its borders. Therefore, when the slaughter had taken place, the son Archelaus thought that the whole affair had come to an end, and that among the many the one who was sought had also been killed. Moreover, having seen his father end his life in such a way, he became more cautious about proceeding further, and contending with the lawlessness. Therefore Joseph comes to Nazareth, both fleeing the danger and at the same time being attached to his own country. So that he might have more courage, he also receives a warning from the angel about this. And yet Luke does not say that he went there by a warning, but that having fulfilled all the requirements of purification, they returned to Nazareth. What then is to be said? That Luke is saying these things while relating the time before the descent into Egypt. For he would not have brought them there before the purification, so that nothing unlawful might happen, but he waited to be purified and to come to Nazareth, and then to go down into Egypt. Then after returning he commands them to go to Nazareth. But before this they had not been warned to go there, but being fond of their country they did this of their own accord. For since they had gone up for no other reason than the census, and they had nowhere to stay, having fulfilled the purpose for which they had gone up, they went down to Nazareth. For this reason, then, the angel, giving them rest at last, restores them to their home; and not even this simply, but this too with a prophecy; For that it might be fulfilled, he says, which was spoken by the prophets, that He shall be called a Nazarene. And which prophet said this? Do not be over-curious, nor meddlesome. For many of the prophetic books have disappeared; and this one may see from the history of the Chronicles. For being slothful, and continually falling into impiety, they allowed some 57.181 to perish, and others they themselves burned and cut up. And Jeremiah relates one case, and the compiler of the fourth book of Kings another, saying that after a long time the book of Deuteronomy was found with difficulty, having been buried somewhere and lost. But if, when there was no barbarian, they thus gave up the books, much more so when the barbarians came upon them. Since the prophets did foretell it, and the apostles in many places call him a Nazarene. Did this then, he says, obscure the prophecy concerning Bethlehem? By no means; but rather this very thing especially stirred up, and roused to inquiry, the things said concerning Him. Thus, for instance, Nathanael also comes to the inquiry concerning Him, saying, Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? For the place was insignificant; or rather, not only the place, but also the whole region of Galilee. For this reason the Pharisees said, Search, and see, that no prophet has arisen out of Galilee. But nevertheless He Himself is not ashamed to be called from there, showing that He has no need of human things; and He also chooses His disciples from Galilee; everywhere cutting off the excuses of those who wish to be slothful, and showing that we have no need of anything from without, if we practice virtue. For this reason He does not even choose a house; For the Son of Man, He says, has nowhere to lay His head; and when Herod plots against him, He flees, and being born in a manger He is laid, and He stays in an inn, and He takes an insignificant mother; teaching us to consider nothing of the sort shameful, and from the beginning treading down human pride, and commanding us to be of virtue alone. 5. For why are you proud of your country, when of the whole world you are a stranger

ζῶντα καὶ βασιλεύοντα. Καὶ πῶς Ἀρχέλαος ἐβασίλευσε τῆς Ἰουδαίας, Ποντίου Πιλάτου ἡγεμονεύοντος; Πρόσφατος ἦν ἡ τελευτὴ γεγενημένη, καὶ οὐδέπω εἰς πολλὰ ἦν διαιρεθεῖσα ἡ βασιλεία· ἀλλ' ὡς ἄρτι καταλύσαντος ἐκείνου, τέως ὁ υἱὸς τὴν ἀρχὴν κατεῖχεν ἀντὶ Ἡρώδου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ τοῦτο ὄνομα ἦν· διὸ προσέθηκεν ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς, Ἀντὶ Ἡρώδου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ. Ἀλλ' εἰ τὴν Ἰουδαίανἐδεδοίκει, φησὶ, καταλαβεῖν διὰ τὸν Ἀρχέλαον, ἔδει καὶ τὴν Γαλιλαίαν διὰ τὸν Ἡρώδην φοβηθῆναι. Ἀλλ' εἰ τὸ χωρίον ἤμειψε, τὸ πρᾶγμα συνεσκιάζετο λοιπόν· ἡ γὰρ ὁρμὴ πᾶσα κατὰ τῆς Βηθλεὲμ ἦν καὶ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῆς. Τῆς τοίνυν σφαγῆς γενομένης, ᾤετο λοιπὸν ὁ παῖς Ἀρχέλαος τέλος ἐσχηκέναι τὸ πᾶν, καὶ ἐν τοῖς πολλοῖς καὶ τὸν ζητούμενον ἀνῃρῆσθαι. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ τὸν πατέρα οὕτω καταλύσαντα τὸν βίον ἰδὼν, εὐλαβέστερος πρὸς τὸ περαιτέρω προελθεῖν ἐγένετο, καὶ ἐπαγωνίσασθαι τῇ παρανομίᾳ. Ἔρχεται τοίνυν ὁ Ἰωσὴφ εἰς τὴν Ναζαρὲτ, ὁμοῦ τε τὸν κίνδυνον φεύγων, ὁμοῦ τε ἐμφιλοχωρῶν τῇ πατρίδι. Ἵνα μᾶλλον θαῤῥῇ, καὶ χρηματισμὸν δέχεται παρὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου περὶ τούτου. Καὶ μὴν ὁ Λουκᾶς οὔ φησι κατὰ χρηματισμὸν αὐτὸν ἐληλυθέναι ἐκεῖ, ἀλλ' ὅτι τὸν καθαρμὸν πληρώσαντες πάντα, ὑπέστρεψαν εἰς Ναζαρέτ. Τί οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν; Ὅτι τὸν χρόνον τὸν πρὸ τῆς καθόδου τῆς εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἱστορῶν ὁ Λουκᾶς ταῦτα λέγει. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ καθαρμοῦ κατήγαγεν αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖσε, ὥστε μηδὲν γενέσθαι παράνομον, ἀλλ' ἔμεινε καθαρθῆναι καὶ ἐλθεῖν εἰς Ναζαρὲτ, καὶ τότε καταβῆναι εἰς Αἴγυπτον. Εἶτα μετὰ τὸ ἀνελθεῖν κελεύει αὐτοῖς εἰς τὴν Ναζαρὲτ ἐλθεῖν. Πρὸ δὲ τούτου οὐκ ἦσαν χρηματισθέντες ἐκεῖσε ἐλθεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐμφιλοχωροῦντες τῇ πατρίδι αὐτομάτως τοῦτο ἐποίουν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἢ διὰ τὴν ἀπογραφὴν ἀνέβησαν, καὶ οὐδὲ στῆναί που εἶχον, πληρώσαντες δι' ὅπερ ἀνῆλθον, κατέβησαν εἰς Ναζαρέτ. ∆ιὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος αὐτοὺς λοιπὸν ἀναπαύων ἀποδίδωσι τῇ οἰκίᾳ· καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ μετὰ προφητείας· Ἵνα πληρωθῇ γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Προφητῶν, ὅτι Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται. Καὶ ποῖος προφήτης τοῦτο εἶπε; Μὴ περιεργάζου, μηδὲ πολυπραγμόνει. Πολλὰ γὰρ τῶν προφητικῶν ἠφάνισται βιβλίων· καὶ ταῦτα ἐκ τῆς ἱστορίας τῶν Παραλειπομένων ἴδοι τις ἄν. Ῥᾴθυμοι γὰρ ὄντες, καὶ εἰς ἀσέβειαν συνεχῶς ἐμπίπτοντες, τὰ μὲν ἠφίε 57.181 σαν ἀπόλλυσθαι, τὰ δὲ αὐτοὶ κατέκαιον καὶ κατέκοπτον. Καὶ τὸ μὲν Ἱερεμίας διηγεῖται, τὸ δὲ ὁ τὴν τετάρτην συντιθεὶς τῶν Βασιλειῶν, λέγων μετὰ πολὺν χρόνον μόλις τὸ ∆ευτερονόμιον εὑρῆσθαι κατορωρυγμένον που καὶ ἠφανισμένον. Εἰ δὲ οὐκ ὄντος βαρβάρου οὕτω τὰ βιβλία προὔδωκαν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τῶν βαρβάρων ἐπελθόντων. Ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε προεῖπον οἱ Προφῆται, καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι πολλαχοῦ Ναζωραῖον καλοῦσι. Τοῦτο οὖν συνεσκίαζε τὴν προφητείαν, φησὶ, τὴν περὶ τῆς Βηθλεέμ; Οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλ' αὐτὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐκίνει, καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἔρευναν διήγειρε τῶν περὶ αὐτοῦ λεγομένων. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ὁ Ναθαναὴλ πρὸς τὴν ζήτησιν ἔρχεται τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ λέγων· Ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι; Καὶ γὰρ ἦν εὐτελὲς τὸ χωρίον· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐ τὸ χωρίον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἅπαν τὸ μέρος τῆς Γαλιλαίας. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγον οἱ Φαρισαῖοι· Ἐρώτησον, καὶ ἴδε, ὅτι Προφήτης ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας οὐκ ἐγήγερται. Ἀλλ' ὅμως αὐτὸς οὐδὲ ἐκεῖθεν ἐπαισχύνεται καλεῖσθαι, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδενὸς δεῖται τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων· καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐκλέγεται· πανταχοῦ τὰς σκήψεις περικόπτων τῶν ῥᾳθυμεῖν βουλομένων, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδενὸς ἡμῖν τῶν ἔξωθεν δεῖ, ἐὰν ἀρετὴν ἀσκήσωμεν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ οἰκίαν ἐκλέγεται· Ὁ γὰρ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, φησὶν, οὐκ ἔχει ποῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν κλίνῃ· καὶ Ἡρώδου ἐπιβουλεύοντος φεύγει, καὶ ἐν φάτνῃ τεχθεὶς ἀνακλίνεται, καὶ ἐν καταλύματι μένει, καὶ μητέρα εὐτελῆ λαμβάνει· διδάσκων ἡμᾶς μηδὲν τῶν τοιούτων αἰσχρὸν εἶναι νομίζειν, καὶ τὸν ἀνθρώπινον καταπατῶν ἐκ προοιμίων τῦφον, καὶ μόνης εἶναι τῆς ἀρετῆς κελεύων. εʹ. Τί γὰρ ἐπὶ πατρίδι μέγα φρονεῖς, ὅταν πάσης τῆς οἰκουμένης ξένον εἶναί