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practices; and that following these, it was necessary to teach those who were about to come to the perfection of their initiation, or rather their defilement, to do all the most shameful things, as they would not otherwise escape the cosmic rulers, as they might say, unless they paid to all of them the debts incurred through unspeakable acts. 4.7.10 Accordingly, it happened that the malevolent demon, using these as his ministers, enslaved for destruction in this wretched manner those who were deceived by them, and provided the unbelieving nations with an abundance of blasphemy against the divine word, since the report from them was poured out as a slander against the entire Christian nation. 4.7.11 In this way, then, it came about that for a very long time a godless and most absurd suspicion about us was spread among the unbelievers of that time, namely that we engaged in unlawful intercourse with mothers and 4.7.12 sisters and in unholy feasts. But these things did not prosper for him for long, as the truth itself established itself and shone forth into a great light as time went on. 4.7.13 For the contrivances of the enemies were immediately extinguished, being refuted by its own power, while one heresy after another was newly invented, the earlier ones always flowing away and perishing in various and multiform ways at different times; but the brilliance of the universal and only true church proceeded to increase and grow, always remaining the same and in the same state, reflecting the dignity and sincerity and liberty, the sobriety and purity of its divine way of life and philosophy to every race of both 4.7.14 Greeks and barbarians. Therefore, with time, the slander against our whole doctrine was also extinguished, and our teaching alone remained, prevailing among all and acknowledged to be preeminent for its dignity and sobriety and its divine and philosophical doctrines, so that no one to this day dares to bring a shameful blasphemy against our faith, nor any such slander as those who conspired against us in former times were fond of using. 4.7.15 Nevertheless, at the times indicated, the truth again brought forward more champions of itself, campaigning against the godless heresies not only through unwritten refutations but also through written proofs. 4.8.1 Among these was known Hegesippus, whose many testimonies we have already used before, having quoted from his tradition some things concerning the apostles. 4.8.2 In five books, then, this man recorded the unerring tradition of the apostolic preaching in a very simple style of writing, and he indicates the time in which he was known, writing thus about those who from the beginning set up idols: “For whom they made cenotaphs and temples, as they do even to this day; of whom is also Antinous, a slave of Hadrian Caesar, in whose honor the Antinoian games are also held, which were established in our time. For he even founded a city named after Antinous, and prophets.” 4.8.3 At the same time also Justin, a genuine lover of the true philosophy, was still occupied with and devoting himself to the writings of the Greeks. And he himself indicates this time in his Apology to Antoninus, writing thus: “And we think it not out of place to mention in this connection Antinous, who lived recently, whom all, through fear, were eager to worship as a god, though they knew who he was and whence he came.” 4.8.4 The same author, mentioning the war against the Jews which was then going on, adds these words: “For in the recent Jewish war, Bar-Cochba, the leader of the Jewish rebellion, ordered that Christians alone should be led away to dreadful punishments, if they would not deny Jesus the Christ and blaspheme.” 4.8.5 And in the same work, showing that his conversion from Greek philosophy to piety was not without reason, but with judgment, he writes these things: “For I myself, while delighting in the teachings of Plato, hearing the Christians slandered, but seeing them fearless towards

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ἀγωγαῖς· τούτοις τε ἀκολούθως πάντα δρᾶν χρῆναι διδάσκειν τὰ αἰσχρουργότατα τοὺς μέλλοντας εἰς τὸ τέλειον τῆς κατ' αὐτοὺς μυσταγωγίας ἢ καὶ μᾶλλον μυσαροποιίας ἐλεύσεσθαι, ὡς μὴ ἂν ἄλλως ἐκφευξομένους τοὺς κοσμικούς, ὡς ἂν ἐκεῖνοι φαῖεν, ἄρχοντας, μὴ οὐχὶ πᾶσιν τὰ δι' ἀρρητοποιίας ἀπονεί4.7.10 μαντας χρέα. τούτοις δῆτα συνέβαινεν διακόνοις χρώμενον τὸν ἐπιχαιρεσίκακον δαίμονα τοὺς μὲν πρὸς αὐτῶν ἀπατωμένους οἰκτρῶς οὕτως εἰς ἀπώλειαν ἀνδραποδίζεσθαι, τοῖς δ' ἀπίστοις ἔθνεσιν πολλὴν παρέχειν κατὰ τοῦ θείου λόγου δυσφημίας περιουσίαν, τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν φήμης εἰς τὴν τοῦ παντὸς Χριστιανῶν ἔθνους 4.7.11 διαβολὴν καταχεομένης. ταύτῃ δ' οὖν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον συνέβαινεν τὴν περὶ ἡμῶν παρὰ τοῖς τότε ἀπίστοις ὑπόνοιαν δυσσεβῆ καὶ ἀτοπωτάτην διαδίδοσθαι, ὡς δὴ ἀθεμίτοις πρὸς μητέρας καὶ 4.7.12 ἀδελφὰς μίξεσιν ἀνοσίαις τε τροφαῖς χρωμένων. οὐκ εἰς μακρόν γε μὴν αὐτῷ ταῦτα προυχώρει, τῆς ἀληθείας αὐτῆς ἑαυτὴν συνιστώσης ἐπὶ μέγα τε φῶς κατὰ τὸν προϊόντα χρόνον 4.7.13 διαλαμπούσης. ἔσβεστο μὲν γὰρ αὐτίκα πρὸς αὐτῆς ἐνεργείας ἀπελεγχόμενα τὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ἐπιτεχνήματα, ἄλλων ἐπ' ἄλλαις αἱρέσεων καινοτομουμένων, ὑπορρεουσῶν ἀεὶ τῶν προτέρων καὶ εἰς πολυτρόπους καὶ πολυμόρφους ἰδέας ἄλλοτε ἄλλως φθειρομένων· προῄει δ' εἰς αὔξην καὶ μέγεθος, ἀεὶ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ ὡσαύτως ἔχουσα, ἡ τῆς καθόλου καὶ μόνης ἀληθοῦς ἐκκλησίας λαμπρότης, τὸ σεμνὸν καὶ εἰλικρινὲς καὶ ἐλευθέριον τό τε σῶφρον καὶ καθαρὸν τῆς ἐνθέου πολιτείας τε καὶ φιλοσοφίας εἰς ἅπαν γένος 4.7.14 Ἑλλήνων τε καὶ βαρβάρων ἀποστίλβουσα. συναπέσβη δ' οὖν ἅμα τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ ἡ κατὰ παντὸς τοῦ δόγματος διαβολή, ἔμενεν δὲ ἄρα μόνη παρὰ πᾶσι κρατοῦσα καὶ ἀνομολογουμένη τὰ μάλιστα διαπρέπειν ἐπὶ σεμνότητι καὶ σωφροσύνῃ θείοις τε καὶ φιλοσόφοις δόγμασιν ἡ καθ' ἡμᾶς διδασκαλία, ὡς μηδένα τῶν εἰς νῦν αἰσχρὰν ἐπιφέρειν τολμᾶν κατὰ τῆς πίστεως ἡμῶν δυσφημίαν μηδέ τινα τοιαύτην διαβολὴν οἵαις πάλαι πρότερον φίλον ἦν χρῆσθαι τοῖς καθ' ἡμῶν ἐπισυνισταμένοις. 4.7.15 Ὅμως δ' οὖν κατὰ τοὺς δηλουμένους αὖθις παρῆγεν εἰς μέσον ἡ ἀλήθεια πλείους ἑαυτῆς ὑπερμάχους, οὐ δι' ἀγράφων αὐτὸ μόνον ἐλέγχων, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' ἐγγράφων ἀποδείξεων κατὰ 4.8.1 τῶν ἀθέων αἱρέσεων στρατευομένους· ἐν τούτοις ἐγνωρίζετο Ἡγήσιππος, οὗ πλείσταις ἤδη πρότερον κεχρήμεθα φωναῖς, ὡς ἂν ἐκ τῆς αὐτοῦ παραδόσεως τινὰ τῶν κατὰ τοὺς ἀποστόλους 4.8.2 παραθέμενοι. ἐν πέντε δ' οὖν συγγράμμασιν οὗτος τὴν ἀπλανῆ παράδοσιν τοῦ ἀποστολικοῦ κηρύγματος ἁπλουστάτῃ συντάξει γραφῆς ὑπομνηματισάμενος, καθ' ὃν ἐγνωρίζετο σημαίνει χρόνον, περὶ τῶν ἀρχῆθεν ἱδρυσάντων τὰ εἴδωλα οὕτω πως γράφων· «οἷς κενοτάφια καὶ ναοὺς ἐποίησαν ὡς μέχρι νῦν· ὧν ἐστιν καὶ Ἀντίνοος, δοῦλος Ἁδριανοῦ Καίσαρος, οὗ καὶ ἀγὼν ἄγεται Ἀντινόειος, ὁ ἐφ' ἡμῶν γενόμενος. καὶ γὰρ πόλιν ἔκτισεν ἐπώνυμον Ἀντινόου καὶ προφήτας». 4.8.3 κατ' αὐτὸν δὲ καὶ Ἰουστῖνος, γνήσιος τῆς ἀληθοῦς φιλοσοφίας ἐραστής, ἔτι τοῖς παρ' Ἕλλησιν ἀσκούμενος ἐνδιέτριβεν λόγοις. σημαίνει δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς τουτονὶ τὸν χρόνον ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον ἀπολογίᾳ ὧδε γράφων· «οὐκ ἄτοπον δὲ ἐπιμνησθῆναι ἐν τούτοις ἡγούμεθα καὶ Ἀντινόου τοῦ νῦν γενομένου, ὃν καὶ ἅπαντες ὡς θεὸν διὰ φόβον σέβειν ὥρμηντο, ἐπιστάμενοι τίς τε ἦν καὶ πόθεν ὑπῆρχεν». 4.8.4 ὁ δ' αὐτὸς καὶ τοῦ τότε κατὰ Ἰουδαίων πολέμου μνημονεύων ταῦτα παρατίθεται· «καὶ γὰρ ἐν τῷ νῦν γενομένῳ Ἰουδαικῷ πολέμῳ Βαρχωχεβας, ὁ τῆς Ἰουδαίων ἀποστάσεως ἀρχηγέτης, Χριστιανοὺς μόνους εἰς τιμωρίας δεινάς, εἰ μὴ ἀρνοῖντο Ἰησοῦν τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ βλασφημοῖεν, ἐκέλευεν ἄγεσθαι». 4.8.5 ἐν ταὐτῷ δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς φιλοσοφίας ἐπὶ τὴν θεοσέβειαν μεταβολὴν αὐτοῦ, ὅτι μὴ ἀλόγως, μετὰ κρίσεως δὲ αὐτῷ γεγόνει, δηλῶν, ταῦτα γράφει· «καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐγώ, τοῖς Πλάτωνος χαίρων διδάγμασι, διαβαλλομένους ἀκούων Χριστιανούς, ὁρῶν δὲ καὶ ἀφόβους πρὸς