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in the image and likeness. And ascetic practice and its labors were not devised for the purpose of acquiring virtue as something introduced from without, but for casting off the introduced and unnatural evil, just as by labor we cast off the rust of iron, which is not natural but arises from neglect, and we reveal the natural brightness of the iron. It should be known that the name of ‘judgment’ is of many forms and many meanings. For sometimes it indicates advice, as the divine apostle says: “Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord, but I give my judgment;” sometimes counsel, as when the prophet David says: “They have taken crafty counsel against your people,” sometimes a decree, as Daniel says: “For what is this harsh decree gone forth?”, sometimes faith or opinion or thought, and simply put, the name of ‘judgment’ is taken in twenty-eight meanings. 59 Concerning the energies in our Lord Jesus Christ We also say there are two energies in our Lord Jesus Christ; for as God and consubstantial with the Father He had the divine energy, and as having become man and consubstantial with us He had the energy of human nature. It should be known that energy is one thing, that which is energetic is another, the product of energy is another, and the one who energizes is another. Energy, then, is the active and essential movement of a nature; the energetic faculty is the nature from which the energy proceeds; the product of energy is the result of the energy; and the one who energizes is the one who uses the energy, that is, the hypostasis. But energy is also called the product of energy, and the product of energy is called energy, just as creation is called creation. Thus we say: all creation, meaning the created things. It should be known that energy is a movement and is energized rather than energizes, as Gregory the Theologian says in his oration on the Holy Spirit: “If it is an energy, it will clearly be energized and will not energize, and will cease as soon as it is energized.” But it is necessary to know that life itself is an energy, and the sustenance of the living being is an energy, and the whole economy of the living being, both the nutritive and the augmentative, that is, the vegetative, and the movement according to impulse, that is, the sensitive, and the intellectual and self-determining movement. And energy is the result of power. If, therefore, we contemplate all these things in Christ, we will consequently also say there is a human energy in Him. Energy is said of the first thought that arises in us; and it is a simple and unrelated energy of the mind in itself, invisibly putting forth its own thoughts, without which it would not even be justly called mind. Again, energy is also said of the manifestation and unfolding of the thoughts through the utterance of speech. But this is no longer unrelated and simple, but is considered in relation, being composed of thought and speech. And this very relation, which the maker has to the thing being made, is an energy; and the result itself is called an energy. And one is of the soul alone, another of the soul using the body, another of the body intellectually ensouled, and another is the result; for the mind, having first contemplated what is to be, thus works through the body. Therefore, the leadership belongs to the soul; for it uses the body as an instrument, leading and directing it. But the energy of the body, being led and moved by the soul, is another. And the result of the body is the touching and the grasping and the, as it were, handling of the thing being made, while that of the soul is the, as it were, forming and shaping of the thing being made. Thus also concerning our Lord Jesus Christ, the power of miracles was the energy of His divinity, while the work of His hands and the willing and the saying, “I will, be thou clean,” was the energy of His humanity. But the result of the human energy was the breaking of the loaves, the leper's hearing “I will,” while that of the divine was the multiplication of the loaves and the cleansing of the leper; for through both, that is, through the energy of the soul and of the body, He showed forth His one and the same, connatural and equal divine energy. For just as we know the natures are united and have their perichoresis in one another, and we do not deny their difference, but also

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κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ καθ' ὁμοίωσιν. Καὶ ἡ ἄσκησις δὲ καὶ οἱ ταύτης πόνοι οὐ πρὸς τὸ ἐπικτήσασθαι τὴν ἀρετὴν ἔξωθεν ἐπείσακτον οὖσαν ἐπενοήθησαν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ τὴν ἐπείσακτον καὶ παρὰ φύσιν κακίαν ἀποβαλέσθαι, ὥσπερ καὶ τὸν τοῦ σιδήρου ἰὸν οὐ φυσικὸν ὄντα, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀμελείας ἐπιγενόμενον διὰ μόχθου ἀποβάλλοντες τὴν φυσικὴν τοῦ σιδήρου λαμπρότητα ἐμφανίζομεν. Ἰστέον δέ, ὡς τὸ τῆς γνώμης ὄνομα πολύτροπον καὶ πολυσήμαντόν ἐστι. Ποτὲ μὲν γὰρ δηλοῖ τὴν παραίνεσιν, ὥς φησιν ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος· «Περὶ δὲ τῶν παρθένων ἐπιταγὴν κυρίου οὐκ ἔχω, γνώμην δὲ δίδωμι·» ποτὲ δὲ βουλήν, ὡς ὅταν φησὶν ὁ προφήτης ∆αυίδ· «Ἐπὶ τὸν λαόν σου κατεπανουργεύσαντο γνώμην», ποτὲ δὲ ψῆφον, ὡς ὁ ∆ανιήλ· «Περὶ τίνος ἐξῆλθεν ἡ γνώμη ἡ ἀναιδὴς αὕτη;», ποτὲ δὲ ἐπὶ πίστεως ἢ δόξης ἢ φρονήματος, καὶ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, κατὰ εἴκοσιν ὀκτὼ σημαινόμενα λαμβάνεται τὸ τῆς γνώμης ὄνομα. 59 Περὶ ἐνεργειῶν τῶν ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ ∆ύο δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐνεργείας φαμὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ· εἶχε γὰρ ὡς μὲν θεὸς καὶ τῷ πατρὶ ὁμοούσιος τὴν θείαν ἐνέργειαν καὶ ὡς ἄνθρωπος γενόμενος καὶ ἡμῖν ὁμοούσιος τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως τὴν ἐνέργειαν. Ἰστέον δέ, ὡς ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἐνέργεια καὶ ἄλλο ἐνεργητικὸν καὶ ἄλλο ἐνέργημα καὶ ἄλλο ἐνεργῶν. Ἐνέργεια μὲν οὖν ἐστιν ἡ δραστικὴ καὶ οὐσιώδης τῆς φύσεως κίνησις· ἐνεργητικὸν δὲ ἡ φύσις, ἐξ ἧς ἡ ἐνέργεια πρόεισιν· ἐνέργημα δὲ τὸ τῆς ἐνεργείας ἀποτέλεσμα· ἐνεργῶν δὲ ὁ κεχρημένος τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ ἤτοι ἡ ὑπόστασις. Λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἡ ἐνέργεια ἐνέργημα, καὶ τὸ ἐνέργημα ἐνέργεια, ὡς καὶ τὸ κτίσμα κτίσις. Οὕτω φαμέν· πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις, τὰ κτίσματα δηλοῦντες. Ἰστέον, ὡς ἡ ἐνέργεια κίνησίς ἐστι καὶ ἐνεργεῖται μᾶλλον ἢ ἐνεργεῖ, καθώς φησιν ὁ θεηγόρος Γρηγόριος ἐν τῷ περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος λόγῳ· «Εἰ δὲ ἐνέργειά ἐστιν, ἐνεργηθήσεται δηλονότι καὶ οὐκ ἐνεργήσει καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ ἐνεργηθῆναι παύσεται». ∆εῖ δὲ γινώσκειν, ὅτι αὐτὴ ἡ ζωὴ ἐνέργειά ἐστι καὶ ἡ τροπὴ τοῦ ζῴου ἐνέργεια, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ τοῦ ζῴου οἰκονομία ἥ τε θρεπτικὴ καὶ αὐξητικὴ ἤγουν φυτικὴ καὶ ἡ καθ' ὁρμὴν κίνησις ἤγουν αἰσθητικὴ καὶ ἡ νοερὰ καὶ αὐτεξούσιος κίνησις. ∆υνάμεως δὲ ἀποτέλεσμα ἡ ἐνέργεια. Εἰ οὖν ταῦτα πάντα θεωροῦμεν ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ, ἄρα καὶ ἀνθρωπίνην ἐνέργειαν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ φήσομεν. Ἐνέργεια λέγεται τὸ πρῶτον ἐν ἡμῖν συνιστάμενον νόημα· καὶ ἔστιν ἁπλῆ καὶ ἄσχετος ἐνέργεια τοῦ νοῦ καθ' αὑτὸν ἀφανῶς τὰ ἴδια νοήματα προβαλλομένου, ὧν χωρὶς οὐδὲ νοῦς ἂν κληθείη δικαίως. Λέγεται δὲ πάλιν ἐνέργεια καὶ ἡ διὰ τῆς προφορᾶς τοῦ λόγου φανέρωσις καὶ ἐξάπλωσις τῶν νενοημένων. Αὕτη δὲ οὐκέτι ἄσχετός ἐστι καὶ ἁπλῆ, ἀλλ' ἐν σχέσει θεωρουμένη ἐκ νοήματος καὶ λόγου συντεθειμένη. Καὶ αὐτὴ δὲ ἡ σχέσις, ἣν ἔχει ὁ ποιῶν πρὸς τὸ γινόμενον, ἐνέργειά ἐστι· καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ ἀποτελούμενον ἐνέργεια λέγεται. Καὶ τὸ μέν ἐστι ψυχῆς μόνης, τὸ δὲ ψυχῆς σώματι κεχρημένης, τὸ δὲ σώματος νοερῶς ἐψυχωμένου, τὸ δὲ ἀποτέλεσμα· ὁ νοῦς γὰρ προθεωρήσας τὸ ἐσόμενον οὕτω διὰ τοῦ σώματος ἐργάζεται. Τῆς ψυχῆς τοίνυν ἐστὶν ἡ ἡγεμονία· κέχρηται γὰρ ὡς ὀργάνῳ τῷ σώματι, ἄγουσα τοῦτο καὶ ἰθύνουσα. Ἑτέρα δέ ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ σώματος ἐνέργεια ἀγομένου ὑπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ κινουμένου. Τὸ δὲ ἀποτέλεσμα τοῦ μὲν σώματος ἡ ἁφὴ καὶ ἡ κράτησις καὶ ἡ τοῦ ποιουμένου οἱονεὶ περιένεξις, τῆς δὲ ψυχῆς ἡ τοῦ γινομένου οἱονεὶ μόρφωσις καὶ σχηματισμός. Οὕτω καὶ περὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ μὲν τῶν θαυμάτων δύναμις τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ ὑπῆρχεν ἐνέργεια, ἡ δὲ χειρουργία καὶ τὸ θελῆσαι καὶ τὸ εἰπεῖν «θέλω, καθαρίσθητι» τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος αὐτοῦ ὑπῆρχεν ἐνέργεια. Ἀποτέλεσμα δὲ τῆς μὲν ἀνθρωπίνης ἡ τῶν ἄρτων κλάσις, τὸ ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λεπρὸν τὸ «θέλω», τῆς δὲ θείας ὁ τῶν ἄρτων πληθυσμὸς καὶ ἡ τοῦ λεπροῦ κάθαρσις· δι' ἀμφοτέρων γάρ, διά τε τῆς ψυχικῆς ἐνεργείας καὶ τοῦ σώματος, μίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν συγγενῆ καὶ ἴσην ἐνεδείκνυτο αὐτοῦ τὴν θείαν ἐνέργειαν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰς φύσεις ἡνωμένας γινώσκομεν καὶ τὴν ἐν ἀλλήλαις ἐχούσας περιχώρησιν καὶ τὴν τούτων διαφορὰν οὐκ ἀρνούμεθα, ἀλλὰ καὶ