John Chrysostom, On Matthew

some king on earth said that it is impossible for a rich man to shine in a palace, or to enjoy any honor, would you not all, despising it, have cast away your money? Then, if it casts us out of honor in the palaces below, it will be easy to despise; but when the King of heaven cries out and says every day that it is difficult with these things to set foot on those sacred portals, shall we not give up everything, and detach ourselves from our possessions, so that we may enter into the kingdom with confidence? 2. And of what pardon are we worthy, who with great 57.183 diligence embrace the things that wall off the way there, and not only hide them in chests, but also in the earth, when it is possible to entrust them to the treasury of heaven? As it is now, you do the same thing as if some farmer, having taken wheat to sow a fertile field, should leave the field and bury all the wheat in a pit, so that he himself might not enjoy it, and the wheat, being corrupted, might be lost. But what is their frequent saying, when we accuse them of these things? It brings no small comfort, he says, to know that everything is stored safely for us within. To not know, then, that it is stored away, is a comfort. For even if you do not fear famine, you must fear other more grievous things because of this storehouse: deaths, wars, plots. But if a famine should ever occur, again the people, constrained by their stomachs, arm their right hand against your house. Rather, when you do these things, you yourself introduce famine into the cities. and you prepare for your house this abyss, more grievous than famine. For I do not know of any who have died quickly from the necessity of famine; for it is possible to devise many things from many sources for the relief of this evil; but because of money and wealth and such affairs, I can show many who have been slain, some secretly, others publicly. And the roads are full of many such examples, and so are the law courts and the marketplaces. And why do I mention the roads and the law courts and the marketplaces? For you will see the sea itself filled with blood. For this tyranny has not prevailed on land only, but it has also reveled upon the deep sea with great drunkenness. And one sails for the sake of gold, and another is slaughtered for this very same thing again; and the same tyranny has made one a merchant, and the other a murderer. What then could be more faithless than mammon, when on its account one travels abroad and is in danger and is slaughtered? But, Who will pity, it says, a charmer that is bitten by a serpent? For knowing this cruel tyranny, one ought to flee its slavery, and put an end to this harsh love. And how, he says, is this possible? If you introduce another love, that of the heavens. For he who desires a kingdom will laugh at greed; he who has become a slave of Christ is not a slave of mammon, but even its master; for it is accustomed to pursue the one who flees, and to flee the one who pursues. It does not so honor the one who pursues as the one who despises it; it laughs at no one so much as at those who desire it; and it not only laughs, but also surrounds them with countless bonds. 57.184 Let us then at last break these harsh chains. Why do you enslave the rational soul to irrational matter, the mother of countless evils? But oh, what a laugh! For we war against it with words, but it wars against us through deeds, and leads and carries us everywhere, dishonoring us like purchased slaves and scoundrels; than which what could be more shameful and more dishonorable? For if we do not overcome insensible materials, how shall we overcome incorporeal powers? if we do not despise common earth, and discarded stones, how shall we subject principalities and powers? how shall we practice self-control? For if shining silver astounds us, when shall we be able to run past the beauty of a face? For some are so given over to this tyranny, that they are even affected by the very sight of gold, and jestingly say that a golden coin appearing is also beneficial to the eyes. But do not jest in such a way, man; for nothing so harms the eyes, both those of the body and

βασιλεύς τις τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς εἶπεν, ὅτι τὸν πλουτοῦντα ἀμήχανον ἐν βασιλείοις λάμψαι, ἢ τιμῆς ἀπολαῦσαί τινος, ἆρα οὐκ ἂν ἅπαντες ἀτιμάσαντες ἐῤῥίψατε τὰ χρήματα; Εἶτα, ἂν μὲν τῆς ἐν τοῖς κάτω βασιλείοις τιμῆς ἡμᾶς ἐκβάλλῃ, εὐκαταφρόνητα ἔσται· τοῦ δὲ τῶν οὐρανῶν Βασιλέως καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν βοῶντος καὶ λέγοντος, ὅτι δύσκολον μετ' αὐτῶν ἐπιβῆναι τῶν προθύρων ἐκείνων τῶν ἱερῶν, οὐ προησόμεθα πάντα, καὶ ἀποστησόμεθα τῶν ὄντων, ἵνα μετὰ παῤῥησίας εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν εἰσέλθωμεν; ʹ. Καὶ ποίας ἄξιοι συγγνώμης ἐσμὲν, τὰ ἀποτειχίζοντα τὴν ἐκεῖσε ὁδὸν μετὰ πολλῆς περιβαλλόμενοι 57.183 σπουδῆς, καὶ οὐ μόνον ἐν κιβωτίοις, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν γῇ κατακρύπτοντες, παρὸν τῇ τῶν οὐρανῶν αὐτὰ παραδοῦναι φυλακῇ; Ὡς νῦν γε τὸ αὐτὸ ποιεῖς, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις γεωργὸς σῖτον λαβὼν ὥστε σπεῖραι λιπαρὰν ἄρουραν, ἀφεὶς τὴν ἄρουραν, εἰς λάκκον τὸν σῖτον πάντα κατορύξῃ, ἵνα μήτε αὐτὸς ἀπολαύσῃ, καὶ ὁ σῖτος διαφθαρεὶς ἀπόληται. Ἀλλὰ τίς ὁ πολὺς λόγος αὐτῶν, ὅταν ταῦτα ἐγκαλῶμεν ἡμεῖς; Οὐ μικράν τίνα παραμυθίαν, φησὶ, φέρει τὸ εἰδέναι, ὅτι μετὰ ἀσφαλείας ἡμῖν ἀπόκειται ἔνδον ἅπαντα. Τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι μὲν οὖν, ὅτι ἀπόκειται, παραμυθία. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ λιμὸν δέδοικας, ἀλλ' ἕτερα χαλεπώτερα διὰ τὴν ἀποθήκην ταύτην δεδοικέναι ἀνάγκη, θανάτους, πολέμους, ἐπιβουλάς. Εἰ δὲ λιμός ποτε καταλάβοι, πάλιν ὁ δῆμος ὑπὸ τῆς γαστρὸς καταναγκαζόμενος, τὴν δεξιὰν ὁπλίζει κατὰ τῆς σῆς οἰκίας. Μᾶλλον δὲ ὅταν ταῦτα ποιῇς, σὺ καὶ τὸν λιμὸν εἰσάγεις εἰς τὰς πόλεις. καὶ τοῦ λιμοῦ χαλεπώτερον τουτὶ τὸ βάραθρον τῇ σῇ κατασκευάζεις οἰκίᾳ. Λιμοῦ μὲν γὰρ ἀνάγκῃ οὐκ οἶδά τινας τετελευτηκότας ταχέως· καὶ γὰρ ἔστι πολλὰ πολλαχόθεν ἐπινοῆσαι πρὸς τὴν τοῦ κακοῦ τούτου παραμυθίαν· διὰ δὲ χρήματα καὶ πλοῦτον καὶ τὰς τοιαύτας πραγματείας, πολλοὺς ἀνῃρημένους δείκνυμι, τοὺς μὲν λάθρα, τοὺς δὲ δημοσίᾳ. Καὶ πολλῶν μὲν τοιούτων παραδειγμάτων γέμουσιν αἱ ὁδοὶ, πολλῶν δὲ τὰ δικαστήρια καὶ αἱ ἀγοραί. Καὶ τί λέγω τὰς ὁδοὺς καὶ τὰ δικαστήρια καὶ τὰς ἀγοράς; Καὶ γὰρ τὴν θάλατταν αὐτὴν ὄψει τῶν αἱμάτων ἐμπεπλησμένην. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ γῆς ἐκράτησεν ἡ τυραννὶς αὕτη, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὸ πέλαγος μετὰ πολλῆς εἰσεκώμασε τῆς παροινίας. Καὶ ὁ μὲν πλεῖ διὰ χρυσὸν, ὁ δὲ σφάττεται δι' αὐτὸ τοῦτο πάλιν· καὶ ἡ αὐτὴ τυραννὶς τὸν μὲν ἔμπορον ἐποίησε, τὸν δὲ ἀνδροφόνον. Τί τοίνυν ἀπιστότερον γένοιτ' ἂν τοῦ μαμωνᾶ, ὅταν δι' αὐτὸν ἀποδημῇ καὶ κινδυνεύῃ καὶ σφάττηται; Ἀλλὰ Τίς ἐλεήσει, φησὶν, ἐπαοιδὸν ὀφιόδηκτον; Ἔδει γὰρ εἰδότας τὴν ὠμὴν τυραννίδα, φεύγειν τὴν δουλείαν, καὶ καταλῦσαι τὸν χαλεπὸν ἔρωτα. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶ, τοῦτο δυνατόν; Ἂν ἕτερον εἰσαγάγῃς ἔρωτα, τὸν τῶν οὐρανῶν. Ὁ γὰρ ἐπιθυμῶν βασιλείας, καταγελάσεται πλεονεξίας· ὁ γενόμενος τοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος, οὐκ ἔστι δοῦλος τοῦ μαμωνᾶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεσπότης· τὸν μὲν γὰρ φεύγοντα διώκειν εἴωθε, τὸν δὲ διώκοντα φεύγειν. Οὐχ οὕτω τὸν διώκοντα τιμᾷ, ὡς τὸν καταφρονοῦντα αὐτοῦ· οὐδενὸς οὕτω καταγελᾷ, ὡς τῶν ἐπιθυμούντων αὐτοῦ· οὐ καταγελᾷ δὲ μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ μυρίοις αὐτοὺς περιβάλλει δεσμοῖς. 57.184 Λύσωμεν οὖν ὀψέ ποτε τὰς χαλεπὰς ταύτας σειράς. Τί καταδουλοῖς τὴν λογικὴν ψυχὴν τῇ ἀλόγῳ ὕλῃ, τῇ μητρὶ τῶν μυρίων κακῶν; Ἀλλ' ὢ τοῦ γέλωτος! ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ αὐτῷ πολεμοῦμεν λόγοις, αὐτὸς δὲ ἡμῖν πολεμεῖ διὰ τῶν ἔργων, καὶ ἄγει πανταχοῦ καὶ περιφέρει, καθάπερ ἀργυρωνήτους καὶ μαστιγίας ἀτιμάζων· οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν αἰσχρότερόν τε καὶ ἀτιμότερον; Εἰ γὰρ ὑλῶν ἀναισθήτων οὐ περιγινόμεθα, πῶς τῶν ἀσωμάτων περιεσόμεθα δυνάμεων; εἰ γῆς εὐτελοῦς οὐ καταφρονοῦμεν, καὶ λίθων ἀπεῤῥιμμένων, πῶς τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας ὑποτάξομεν; πῶς σωφροσύνην ἀσκήσομεν; Εἰ γὰρ ἄργυρος καταλάμπων ἡμᾶς ἐκπλήττει, πότε κάλλος ὄψεως δυνησόμεθα παραδραμεῖν; Καὶ γὰρ οὕτω τινὲς ἐκδεδομένοι πρὸς ταύτην εἰσὶ τὴν τυραννίδα, ὡς καὶ πρὸς αὐτὴν πάσχειν τι τοῦ χρυσίου τὴν ὄψιν, καὶ χαριεντιζόμενοι λέγειν, ὅτι καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὠφελεῖ νόμισμα χρυσοῦν φαινόμενον. Ἀλλὰ μὴ παῖζε τοιαῦτα, ἄνθρωπε· οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἀδικεῖ ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ τοὺς τοῦ σώματος καὶ