60

(15A_260> But if they say these things because he sometimes appears to have made a display of willing, or at the time of the passion, let them say this also concerning the innate understanding, and they will make him out to be without a mind. For he is not seen to have said, "I have understood." And likewise concerning the sense of smell, and the other natural things according to us, which he is not recorded as having mentioned. Or also concerning the soul itself, that it did not exist in subsistence from when he became man, but only when he mentioned it. For he is proclaimed to have done this not long before the passion. Either, then, let them say that it was fashioned on the spot, because he did not mention it often and from the beginning; or, not saying this, but dogmatizing according to the great Athanasius, "At once flesh, at once the ensouled, rational flesh of God the Word." and they will say that the natural will of the Savior as man exists not only at the time of the passion, even if he then made mention of it; but that from the beginning it was con-substantial with the Savior as a man according to us, naturally; and let them cease, then, from stirring up and concluding such things at an inopportune time. For the present time is one of bloodshed on account of our sins, but not of dogmas; and of strong lamentations, for the propitiation of God, but not of sophistic refutations, for a greater indignation against us.

It occurs to me to wonder also about the energy, how they dogmatize one energy in Christ, with a view to and reference to the individual, as they say. And, to omit saying that none of the natural things has its primary reference to the individual, but to his nature and essence. For who could perform any action without the powers naturally belonging to the nature? or whence to him the ability to act or have power, apart from the nature? But I wish to ask this: did they put this forward for the abolition of the natural energies, or what? For if for abolition, how, when, and what sort of energy could there be at all upon their cessation? (15A_262> For just as when the natures do not exist, that which is from them also vanishes completely, I mean the composite hypostasis; so also when the natural energies do not exist, there will be no other at all. And I do not say this as if another energy were composed of the natural ones. For there is no composition of things in a subject; Because it has no existence at all in itself, but represents what is 0200 random. So if they say that those which are properly according to nature do not exist, how will that which in no way exists have being? For who is it that speaks of a hypostatic energy, and whence this, and from whom having received it do they bring it forward? But if they happen to declare this, and they confess the hypostasis to which it refers to be composite and receptive of contraries and opposites; for mortal and immortal, visible and invisible, circumscribed and uncircumscribed, without beginning and under a beginning, this energy will also likely be. And how otherwise, than clearly by habit and privation? and some things, as being, it will undergo, while others, as not being, it will subsist alongside. And how will he who has such an energy, being the same and not another and another, since neither is that [energy], undergo the same things? For it is entirely necessary that the one who acts be suited to his own energy, and it to him. And how is he God, who is God by habit and not by nature? How is he man, who is so by privation, and not being this properly by essence? What nature is without energy, or outside of natural energy? For just as it is in no way destitute of existence, so neither is it of natural power. But if it lacks this, it would also lack existence. For the powerless, as completely inactive, is only that which is not. For whatever exists has a constitutive difference, the innate motion being included with the genus, and making the definition of the subject, through which it is properly known that it is and what it is, having both what is invariable with respect to things of the same kind, and again what is different with respect to things of other kinds; and if this is so, how is it possible for the incarnate Word, lacking natural power (15A_264> according to the flesh, to be called a perfect man, or a man at all. For man is not without natural energy, just as no other nature is without its own and essential one. For the

60

(15Α_260> Εἰ δέ, ὅτι ἀλλοτε φαίνεται τοῦ θέλειν ἔμφασιν πεποιημένος, ἤ κατά τόν καιρόν τοῦ πάθους, ταῦτά φασι, τοῦτο καί περί τῆς ἐμφύτου νοήσεως εἴποιεν, καί ἄνουν αὐτόν κατασκευάσουσιν. Οὐ γάρ φαίνεται λέξας ὅτι νενόηκα. Καί περί ὀσφρήσεως ὁμοίως, καί τῶν λοιπῶν καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς φυσικῶν, ὧν μνημονεύσας οὐκ ἀναγέγραπται. Ἤ καί περί τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς, ὡς οὐ πρότερον οὔσης καθ᾿ ὕπαρξιν, ἀφ᾿ οὗ γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλ᾿ ἤ μόνον ὁπόταν αὐτῆς ἐμνημόνευσεν. Οὐ πρό πολλοῦ γάρ τοῦ πάθους τοῦτο πεποιηκώς ἀνηγόρευται. Ἤ τοίνυν σχεδιασθεῖσαν αὐτήν αὐτίκα εἴπωσιν, ὅτι μή πολλάκις καί ἀπ' ἀρχῆς αὐτῆς ἐμνημόνευσεν· ἤ τοῦτο μή λέγοντες, ἀλλ᾿ " Ἅμα σάρξ, ἅμα Θεοῦ Λόγου σάρξ ἔμψυχος, λογική». κατά τόν μέγαν Ἀθανάσιον δογματίζουσι, καί τό φυσικόν ὡς ἀνθρώπου τοῦ Σωτῆρος θέλημα, μή κατά τόν καιρόν εἶναι τοῦ πάθους λέξουσι μόνον, εἰ καί μνήμην αὐτίκα τούτου πεποίηκεν· ἀλλ᾿ ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς φυσικῶς τῷ Σωτῆρι συνουσιωμένον· καί παύσοιντο λοιπόν οὐκ ἐν καιρῷ τά τοιαῦτα κινοῦντές τε καί συνάγοντες. Καιρός γάρ ὁ παρών αἱμάτων διά τάς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ δογμάτων ἐστί· καί θρήνων ἰσχυρῶν, εἰς Θεοῦ δυσώπησιν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ σοφιστικῶν ἀντιῤῥήσεων, εἰς περισσοτέραν καθ᾿ ἡμῶν ἀγανάκτησιν.

Ἔπεισι δέ μοι θαυμάζειν καί περί ἐνεργείας, ὡς μίαν ταύτην ἐπί Χριστοῦ σογματίζουσι, τῇ πρός τό ἄτομον, ὡς αὐτοί φασιν, ἀποσκοπήσει καί ἀναφορᾷ. Καί ἵνα παρῶ λέγειν, ὡς οὐδέν τῶν φυσικῶν ὡς εἰς ἄτομον προηγουμένως, ἀλλά τήν τούτου φύσιν τε καί οὐσίαν ἔχει τήν ἀναφοράν. Τίς γάρ ἄνευ τῶν φυσικῶς προσόντων τῇ φύσει δυνάμεων, ἐνεργεῖν τι δύναιτ᾿ ἄν; ἤ πόθεν αὐτῷ τό ἐνεργεῖν ἤ δύνασθαι, πάρεξ τῆς φύσεως; Ἐκεῖνο δέ ἐρωτῆσαι βούλομαι· πρός ἀναίρεσιν ἄρα τῶν φυσικῶν ἐνεργειῶν ταύτην προΐσχοντο, ἤ τί; Εἰ γάρ ἐπ᾿ ἀναιρέσει, πῶς, πότε καί ποῖα κατά τήν ἐκείνων ἀπόπαυσιν εἴη τό παράπαν ἐνέργεια; (15Α_262> ὡς γάρ φύσεων οὐκ οὐσῶν, καί τό ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀφανίζεται πάντως, ἡ σύνθετος λέγω ὑπόστασις· οὕτω καί τῶν φυσικῶν ἐνεργειῶν οὐκ οὐσῶν, οὐδ᾿ ἄλλη τό σύνολον ἔσται. Καί οὐ λέγω τοῦτο, ὡς ἄλλης ἐνεργείας ἐκ τῶν φυσικῶν συνισταμένης. Οὐδέ μία γάρ τῶν ἐν ὑποκειμένῳ σύνθεσις· Ὅτι μηδέ τήν καθ᾿ ἑαυτά τό σύνολον ὕπαρξιν, ἀλλα τό 0200 εἰκαῖον παριστᾷ. Ὡς εἰ τάς κυρίως κατά φύσιν οὔσας οὐκ εἶναι λέγουσι, πῶς ὑπάρξει τό μηδαμῶς ὄν; Τίς γάρ ἐστι ὑποστατικήν λέγων ἐνέργειαν, καί πόθεν τοῦτο, καί παρά τίνος λαβόντες πρσφέρουσιν; Εἰ δέ τοῦτο τυχόν ἀποφαίνονται, σύνθετον δέ τήν ὑπόστασιν ὁμολογοῦσι πρός ἥν ἀναφέρεται, καί τῶν ἐναντίων καί ἀντικειμένων δεκτικήν· θνητήν γάρ καί ἀθάνατον, ὁρατήν καί ἀόρατον, περιγραπτήν καί ἀπερίγραφον, ἄναρχον καί ὑπό ἀρχήν, ἔσται τοῦτο κατά τό εἰκός καί ἡ ἐνέργεια. Καί πῶς ἄλλως, ἤ καθ᾿ ἕξιν δηλονότι καί στέρησιν; καί τά μέν, ὡς οὖσα, πείσεται, τά δέ, ὡς μή οὖσα, παρυποστήσει. Πῶς δέ καί ὁ τοιαύτην ἔχων ἐνέργειαν, κατά τό αὐτό καί οὐκ ἄλλο καί ἄλλο, ὅτι μηδέ ἐκείνη, τά ὅμοια πείσεται; προσφυῶς γάρ ἔχειν τῇ οἰκείᾳ ἐνεργείᾳ τόν ἐνεργοῦντα, κἀκείνη τούτῳ, πᾶσα ἀνάγκη. Καί πῶς Θεός, ὁ ἕξει, καί μή φύσει Θεός; Πῶς δέ ἄνθρωπος, ὁ στερήσει, καί μή οὐσίᾳ κυρίως τοῦτο ὑπάρχων; Τίς δέ φύσις ἀνενέργητος, ἤ φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας ἐκτός; Ὡς γάρ οὐδαμῶς ὑπάρξεως ἔρημος, οὕτως οὐδέ δυνάμεως φυσικῆς. Εἰ δέ ταύτης ἀμοιρεῖ, καί τῆς ὑπάρξεως ἀμοιρήσειεν ἄν. Τό γάρ ἀδύναμον, ὡς ἀδρανές πάντη μόνον ἐστί τό μή ὄν. Πᾶν γάρ εἴ τι τῶν ὄντων, συστατικήν ἔχει διαφοράν, τήν ἔμφυτον κίνησιν τῷ γένει συμπαραλαμβανομένην, καί ποιοῦσαν τοῦ ὑποκειμένου τόν ὁρισμόν, δι᾿ οὗ ὅτι ἐστί καί τί ἐστι κυρίως γνωρίζεται, πρός τέ τά ὁμοειδῆ τό ἀπαράλλακτον ἔχον, καί τό διάφορον αὖθις πρός τά ἑτεροειδῆ· καί εἰ τοῦτο, πῶς δυνατόν φυσικῇ δυνάμει ἀμοιροῦντα (15Α_264> κατά σάρκα, τόν ἐνανθρωπήσαντα Λόγον ἄνθρωπον τέλειον, ἤ ὅλως ἄνθρωπον χρηματίζειν. Οὐ γάρ δίχα φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ὥσπερ οὐδ᾿ ἄλλη φύσις τῆς οἰκείας καί οὐσιώδους. Ἡ γάρ