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Charicles. Men construct tombs and grave-clothes as if they are going to use them; but fearlessness and freedom from grief concerning death, which they will use, they do not prepare.

Theopompus. If someone, possessing the most good things, lives his life with grief, he would be more wretched than all who are and all who will be.

880 From the works of Epictetus, Isocrates, Democritus. If you wish to live a life without grief, consider things that are going to happen as having already happened.

Be without grief, not with the apathy of irrational animals; nor with the thoughtlessness of the foolish; but as a virtuous person, having reason as a consolation for grief.

Content is he who is not grieved by what he does not have, but rejoices in what he has. Whoever in the face of calamities, are least grieved in their judgment, but in deed

most endure, these are the best of both cities and private citizens, (15E_252> From Epictetus. When asked how one might grieve his enemy, he said,

By preparing oneself to act in the best way. Time frees the foolish from grief; but reason frees the wise. Posidippus. No one has lived a life without grief, being a man; nor until the

end has he remained fortunate. Euripides. It is not possible to find a life without grief in anyone. DISCOURSE 29. Concerning sleep. (15E_254> Matt. 26. Mark 14. Luke 24. Jesus, having come, found his

disciples sleeping; for their eyes were heavy, and He says to them, Could you not watch with me for one hour? And see how Judas does not sleep. Watch therefore and pray.

1 Thess. 5. Therefore let us not sleep, as others do, but let us watch and be sober. For they that sleep, sleep in the night; and they that be drunken are drunken in the night; but let us who are of the day, be sober.

Prov. 23. Every drowsy person will be clothed with torn and ragged garments. Sirach 31. The anxiety of wakefulness will demand slumber. From Basil. Give thanks, O man, to Him who involuntarily through sleep from the

releases us from the continuation of our labors, and from a little rest, brings us back again to the peak of our strength.

From the Theologian. A sleepy man, an inventor of dreams; for sleep is an initiate of phantoms, not of realities.

From Chrysostom. Sleep is nothing other than a temporary death and a daily end. 881 From Gregory of Nyssa. Just as on moist earth, whenever with warmer

rays the sun shines upon it, certain misty vapors are drawn up from the depths; something similar also happens in the (15E_256> earth that is within us, when food is boiled up by the natural heat; and the vapors, being naturally upward-moving and airy, and breathing toward what is above, come to be in the regions of the head.

From Philo. Fittingly a practice for death; and a shadow and outline of the future revival to life, those who have understood the truth have declared sleep to be; for it bears the clear images of both, and completely transforms the same person.

From Clement. Whatever they say about sleep, one must understand the same things also about death. For each reveals the departure of the soul; the one more, the other less.

And with all, so to speak, you must fight against sleep, so that a greater amount of time for living may be partaken of through wakefulness.

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Χαρικλ. Οἱ ἄνθρωποι τάφους μέν κατασκευάζουσι καί ἐντάφια ὡσπερ μέλλοντες αὐτοῖς χρῆσθαι· ἀφοβίαν δέ καί ἀλυπίαν τήν περί τοῦ θανάτου ᾗ χρήσονται, οὐ παρασκευάζονται.

Θεοπόμπ. Εἴ τις πλεῖστα τῶν ἀγαθῶν κεκτημένος μετά τοῦ λυπεῖσθαι διάγει τόν βίον, ἁπάντων ἄν εἴη καί τῶν ὄντων καί τῶν ἐσομένων ἀθλιώτερος.

880 Ἐκ τῶν Ἐπικτήτου, Ἰσοκράτ, ∆ημοκρ. Εἰ βούλει ἄλυπον βίον ζῇν, τά μέλλοντα συμβαίνειν ὡς ἤδη συμβεβηκότα λογίζου.

Ἄλυπος ἴσθι, μή τήν ἀπάθειαν, ὡς τά ἀλόγια τῶν ζώων· μηδέ τήν ἀλογίαν, ὡς οἱ ἄφρονες· ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐνάρετος, τόν λόγον τῆς λύπης ἔχων παραμύθιον.

Εὐγνώμων ὁ μή λυπούμενος ἐν οἷς οὐκ ἔχει, ἀλλά χαίρων ἐφ᾿ οἷς ἔχει. Ὅσοι τινές πρός τάς συμφοράς, γνώμῃ μέν ἥκιστα λυποῦνται, ἔργῳ δέ

μάλιστα ἀντέχουσιν, οὗτοι καί τῶν πόλεων καί ἰδιωτῶν κράτιστοί εἰσιν, (15Ε_252> Ἐπικτήτου. Ἐρωτηθείς πῶς ἄν τις τόν ἐχθρόν λυπήσῃ, ἔφη,

Ἑαυτόν παρασκευάζων βέλτιστα πράττειν. Τούς ἄφρονας ὁ χρόνος· τούς δέ φρονίμους ὁ λόγος τῆς λύπης ἀπαλλάττει. Ποσσιδιπ. Οὐδείς ἄλυπος τόν βίον διήγαγεν, ἄνθρωπος ὤν· οὐδ᾿ ἄχρι τοῦ

τέλους ἔμεινεν εὐτυχῶν. Εὐριπίδ. Οὐκ ἔστιν εὑρεῖν βίον ἄλυπον ἐν οὐδενί. ΛΟΓΟΣ ΚΘ´. Περί ὕπνου. (15Ε_254> Ματθ. κς´. Μαρ. ιδ´. Λουκ. κδ´. Ἐλθών ὁ Ἰησοῦς, εὗρε τούς

μαθητάς αὐτοῦ καθεύδοντας· ἦσαν γάρ οἱ ὀφθαλμοί αὐτῶν βεβαρημένοι, καί λέγει αὐτοῖς, Οὕτως οὐκ ἰσχύσατε μίαν ὥραν γρηγορῆσαι μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ. Κἄν τόν Ἰούδαν θεάσαθε πῶς οὐ καθεύδει. Γρηγορεῖτε οὖν καί προσεύχεσθε.

Α΄ . Θεσ. ε´. Ἄρα οὖν μή καθεύδωμεν ὡς καί οἱ λοιποί, ἀλλά γρηγορῶμεν καί νήφωμεν. Οἱ γάρ καθεύδοντες, νυκτός καθεύδουσι· καί οἱ μεθυσκόμενοι, νυκτός μεθύουσιν· ἡμεῖς δέ ἡμέρας ὄντες, νήφωμεν.

Παροιμ. κγ΄.Ἐνδύεται διεῤῥηγμένα καί ῥακώδη,πᾶς ὑπνώδης. Σιράχ. λα´. Μέριμνα ἀγρυπνίας ἀπαιτήσει νυσταγμόν. Βασιλείου. Εὐχαρίστει, ἄνθρωπε, τῷ ἀκουσίως ἡμᾶς διά τοῦ ὕπνου τῆς

συνεχείας τῶν πόνων λύοντι, καί ἐκ μικρᾶς ἀναπαύσεως, πάλιν πρός τήν ἀκμήν τῆς δυνάμεως ἐπανάγοντι.

Θεολόγου. Ἀνήρ ὑπνώδης, εὑρετῆς ὀνειράτων· μύστης γάρ ὕπνος φασμάτων, οὐ πραγμάτων.

Χρυσόστ. Ὕπνος οὐδέν ἐστιν, ἤ θάνατος πρόσκαιρος, καί ἐφήμερος τελευτή. 881 Γρηγ. Νύσσης. Ὥσπερ ἐπί τῆς καθύγρου γῆς, ἐπειδάν θερμοτέραις

ἀκτῖσιν ἐπιλάμψαι ὁ ἥλιος, ἀτμοί τινες ὀμιχλώδεις ἀπό τοῦ βάθους ἀνέλκονται· ὅμοιόν τι γίνεται καί ἐν τῇ (15Ε_256> καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς γῇ, τῆς τροφῆς ὑπό τῆς φυσικῆς θερμότητος ἀναζεούσης· ἀνωφερεῖς δέ ὄντες οἱ ἀτμοί κατά φύσιν καί ἀερώδεις, καί πρός τό ὑπερκείμενον ἀναπνέοντες, ἐν τοῖς κατά τήν καεφαλήν γίνονται χώροις.

Φίλων. Εἰκότως μελέτην θανάτου· σκιάν δέ καί ὑπογραμμόν τῆς αὖθις ἐσομένης ἀναβιώσεως, τόν ὕπνον οἱ τἀληθῆ πεφρονηκότες ἀπεφῄνατο· ἑκατέρων γάρ ἐναργεῖς φέρει τάς εἰκόνας, καί μεθιστᾷ τόν αὐτόν ἐξ ὁλοκλήρου.

Κλήμεντ. Ὅσα περί ὕπνου λέγουσι, τά αὐτά χρή καί περί θανάτου ἐξακούειν. Ἑκάτερος γάρ δηλοῖ τήν ἀποστασίαν τῆς ψυχῆς· ὁ δέ μᾶλλον, ὁ δέ ἦττον.

Πᾶσι δέ, ὡς ἔπος εἶπειν, διαμαχητέον ὑμῖν πρός τόν ὕπνον, ὡς πλείονα χρόνον τοῦ ζῇν διά τήν ἐγρήγορσιν μεταλαμβανειν.