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blaspheming.” 4.11.3 But this same Irenaeus, having most vigorously sailed through the boundless deep of Valentinus's manifoldly erring matter, lays bare his hidden and secret wickedness, which was like a reptile lurking in its hole. 4.11.4 In addition to these, he says that another, Marcus by name, arose among them, most experienced in magical trickery, and he writes also of their unholy rites and foul initiations, revealing them in these very words: 4.11.5 “For some of them prepare a bridal chamber and perform an initiation with certain invocations for those being initiated, and they claim that what is done by them is a spiritual marriage, after the likeness of the syzygies above. But others lead them to water and, while baptizing, speak thus: ‘Into the name of the unknown Father of all, into Truth the mother of all things, into him who descended into Jesus.’ And others pronounce Hebrew names to more greatly astonish those being initiated.” 4.11.6 But when Hyginus died after the fourth year of his episcopate, Pius undertook the ministry at Rome; and in Alexandria, Marcus was appointed shepherd after Eumenes had completed thirteen years in all, and when Marcus rested from his ministry after ten years, Celadion takes over the ministry of the Alexandrian church. 4.11.7 And in the city of the Romans, when Pius passed away in the fifteenth year of his episcopate, Anicetus presided over the church there; during his time Hegesippus records that he himself visited Rome and remained there until the episcopate of Eleutherus. Especially 4.11.8 in these times did Justin flourish, in the guise of a philosopher proclaiming the divine word and contending for the faith in his writings; who indeed, having also written a treatise against Marcion, mentions that the man was known to be alive at the time he was writing, and speaks thus: 4.11.9 “And a certain Marcion of Pontus, who is even now still teaching his followers to believe in another god greater than the Creator; who also, among every race of men, with the help of the demons, has persuaded many to speak blasphemies and to deny that the Maker of this universe is the Father of Christ, and to confess that some other, being greater than Him, has done greater works. And all who have sprung from these, as we said, are called Christians, in the same way that, even though philosophers do not share common doctrines, the name of philosophy which they bear is common to them.” To this he adds, saying: 4.11.10 “We also have a treatise against all the heresies that have arisen, which, if you wish to read it, we will give you.” 4.11.11 This same Justin, having also labored most competently against the Greeks, also addresses other discourses, containing a defense for our faith, to the emperor Antoninus, who was surnamed Pius, and to the Roman senate; for he was residing in Rome. And he reveals who he was and whence he came, through his apology, in these words: 4.12.1 “To the Emperor Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius Caesar Augustus, and to Verissimus his son, the philosopher, and to Lucius, the natural son of Caesar the philosopher and adopted son of Pius, a lover of learning, and to the sacred Senate and the whole Roman people, on behalf of those men of every race who are unjustly hated and abused, I, Justin, son of Priscus, son of Bacchius, of Flavia Neapolis in Syria Palaestina, being one of them, have made this address and petition.” The same emperor, having also been petitioned by other brethren in Asia who were being afflicted with all manner of outrages by the local populace, vouchsafed to the commonalty of Asia the following decree: “The Emperor Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, Armeniacus, Pontifex Maximus, in the fifteenth year of his tribunician power, consul for the third time, to the commonalty of Asia, greeting. 4.13.2 I indeed know that the gods also are concerned that such men not escape notice; for much

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βλασφημῶν». 4.11.3 ὁ δ' αὐτὸς Εἰρηναῖος τὸν ἄπειρον βυθὸν τῆς Οὐαλεντίνου πολυπλανοῦς ὕλης εὐτονώτατα διαπλώσας, ἑρπετοῦ δίκην φωλεύοντος ἀπόκρυφον οὖσαν αὐτοῦ καὶ λεληθυῖαν ἀπογυμνοῖ τὴν 4.11.4 κακίαν. πρὸς τούτοις καὶ ἄλλον τινά, Μάρκος αὐτῷ ὄνομα, κατ' αὐτοὺς γενέσθαι λέγει, μαγικῆς κυβείας ἐμπειρότατον, γράφει δὲ καὶ τὰς ἀτελέστους αὐτῶν τελετὰς μυσεράς τε μυσταγωγίας ἐκφαίνων αὐτοῖς δὴ τούτοις τοῖς γράμμασιν· 4.11.5 «οἳ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν νυμφῶνα κατασκευάζουσιν καὶ μυσταγωγίαν ἐπιτελοῦσιν μετ' ἐπιρρήσεών τινων τοῖς τελουμένοις καὶ πνευματικὸν γάμον φάσκουσιν εἶναι τὸ ὑπ' αὐτῶν γινόμενον κατὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῶν ἄνω συζυγιῶν, οἳ δὲ ἄγουσιν ἐφ' ὕδωρ καὶ βαπτίζοντες οὕτως ἐπιλέγουσιν «εἰς ὄνομα ἀγνώστου πατρὸς τῶν ὅλων, εἰς ἀλήθειαν μητέρα τῶν πάντων, εἰς τὸν κατελθόντα εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν»· ἄλλοι δὲ Ἑβραϊκὰ ὀνόματα ἐπιλέγουσιν πρὸς τὸ μᾶλλον καταπλήξασθαι τοὺς τελουμένους.» 4.11.6 ἀλλὰ γὰρ μετὰ τέταρτον τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς ἔτος Ὑγίνου τελευτήσαντος, Πίος ἐπὶ Ῥώμης ἐγχειρίζεται τὴν λειτουργίαν· κατά γε μὴν τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν Μάρκος ἀναδείκνυται ποιμὴν Εὐμένους ἔτη τὰ πάντα δέκα πρὸς τρισὶν ἐκπλήσαντος, τοῦ τε Μάρκου ἐπὶ δέκα ἔτη τῆς λειτουργίας ἀναπαυσαμένου, Κελαδίων τῆς 4.11.7 Ἀλεξανδρέων ἐκκλησίας τὴν λειτουργίαν παραλαμβάνει. καὶ κατὰ τὴν Ῥωμαίων δὲ πόλιν πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς ἐνιαυτῷ Πίου μεταλλάξαντος, Ἀνίκητος τῶν ἐκεῖσε προΐσταται· καθ' ὃν Ἡγήσιππος ἱστορεῖ ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδημῆσαι τῇ Ῥώμῃ παραμεῖναί τε αὐτόθι μέχρι τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς Ἐλευθέρου. μάλιστα 4.11.8 δ' ἤκμαζεν ἐπὶ τῶνδε Ἰουστῖνος, ἐν φιλοσόφου σχήματι πρεσβεύων τὸν θεῖον λόγον καὶ τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ἐναγωνιζόμενος συγγράμμασιν· ὃς δὴ καὶ γράψας κατὰ Μαρκίωνος σύγγραμμα, μνημονεύει ὡς καθ' ὃν συνέταττε καιρὸν γνωριζομένου τῷ βίῳ τἀνδρός, φησὶν δὲ οὕτως· 4.11.9 «Μαρκίωνα δέ τινα Ποντικόν, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶν διδάσκων τοὺς πειθομένους ἄλλον τινὰ νομίζειν μείζονα τοῦ δημιουργοῦ θεόν· ὃς καὶ κατὰ πᾶν γένος ἀνθρώπων διὰ τῆς τῶν δαιμόνων συλλήψεως πολλοὺς πέπεικε βλάσφημα λέγειν καὶ ἀρνεῖσθαι τὸν ποιητὴν τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς πατέρα εἶναι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἄλλον δέ τινα ὡς ὄντα μείζονα παρὰ τοῦτον ὁμολογεῖν πεποιηκέναι. καὶ πάντες οἱ ἀπὸ τούτων ὡρμημένοι, ὡς ἔφαμεν, Χριστιανοὶ καλοῦνται, ὃν τρόπον καὶ οὐ κοινῶν ὄντων δογμάτων τοῖς φιλοσόφοις τὸ ἐπικαλούμενον ὄνομα τῆς φιλοσοφίας κοινόν ἐστιν». τούτοις ἐπιφέρει λέγων· 4.11.10 «ἔστιν δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ σύνταγμα κατὰ πασῶν τῶν γεγενημένων αἱρέσεων, ᾧ εἰ βούλεσθε ἐντυχεῖν, δώσομεν». 4.11.11 Ὁ δ' αὐτὸς οὗτος Ἰουστῖνος καὶ πρὸς Ἕλληνας ἱκανώταταπονήσας, καὶ ἑτέρους λόγους ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡμετέρας πίστεως ἀπολογίαν ἔχοντας βασιλεῖ Ἀντωνίνῳ τῷ δὴ ἐπικληθέντι Εὐσεβεῖ καὶ τῇ Ῥωμαίων συγκλήτῳ βουλῇ προσφωνεῖ· καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς Ῥώμης τὰς διατριβὰς ἐποιεῖτο. ἐμφαίνει δ' ἑαυτὸν ὅστις καὶ πόθεν ἦν, διὰ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἐν τούτοις· 4.12.1 «Αὐτοκράτορι Τίτῳ Αἰλίῳ Ἁδριανῷ Ἀντωνίνῳ Εὐσεβεῖ Καίσαρι Σεβαστῷ καὶ Οὐηρισσίμῳ υἱῷ φιλοσόφῳ καὶ Λουκίῳ φιλοσόφου Καίσαρος φύσει υἱῷ καὶ Εὐσεβοῦς εἰσποιητῷ, ἐραστῇ παιδείας, ἱερᾷ τε συγκλήτῳ καὶ παντὶ δήμῳ Ῥωμαίων ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐκ παντὸς γένους ἀνθρώπων ἀδίκως μισουμένων καὶ ἐπηρεαζομένων Ἰουστῖνος Πρίσκου τοῦ Βακχείου τῶν ἀπὸ Φλαυίας Νέας πόλεως τῆς Συρίας Παλαιστίνης, εἷς αὐτῶν, τὴν προσφώνησιν καὶ ἔντευξιν πεποίημαι». Ἐντευχθεὶς δὲ καὶ ὑφ' ἑτέρων ὁ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τῆς Ἀσίας ἀδελφῶν παντοίαις ὕβρεσιν πρὸς τῶν ἐπιχωρίων δήμων καταπονουμένων, τοιαύτης ἠξίωσεν τὸ κοινὸν τῆς Ἀσίας διατάξεως· «Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Μάρκος Αὐρήλιος Ἀντωνῖνος Σεβαστός, Ἀρμένιος, ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος, δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας τὸ πέμπτον καὶ τὸ δέκατον, ὕπατος τὸ τρίτον, τῷ κοινῷ τῆς Ἀσίας χαίρειν. 4.13.2 ἐγὼ μὲν οἶδ' ὅτι καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς ἐπιμελές ἐστι μὴ λανθάνειν τοὺς τοιούτους· πολὺ γὰρ