John Chrysostom, On Matthew

of the soul, as the desire for these things. For this cruel love extinguished the lamps of those virgins, and cast them out of the bridechamber. This sight, which benefits the eyes, as you said, did not allow the wretched Judas to hear the Master's voice, but even led him to a halter, and caused him to burst asunder in the midst, and after all that sent him away to Gehenna. What then could be more lawless than this? What more horrible? I do not speak of the substance of money, but of the untimely and manic desire for it. For it drips with human blood, and looks to murder, and is more savage than any beast, tearing to pieces those who fall into it, and what is much worse, does not even allow them to feel these tearings. For those who suffer such things ought to stretch out their hand to those passing by and call for an alliance, but they are even thankful for these wounds; than which what could be more wretched? Considering all these things, therefore, let us flee the incurable disease, let us heal its bites, and let us stand far apart from such a plague; so that we may both live a safe and untroubled life here, and obtain the treasures to come; [of which may it be granted to us all to obtain] by the grace and love for mankind of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father, together with the Holy Spirit, be glory, dominion, honor, now, and always and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

57.183 HOMILY 10. In those days comes John the Baptist, preaching in the wilderness of Judea, and saying;

Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. 1. In what days? For not then, when he was a child, and came to Nazareth, but after thirty years John comes, as Luke also testifies. How then does he say, In those days? It is the custom of Scripture always to use this manner of speech; not only when it speaks of things happening in the immediately following time 57.184, but also when it speaks of things that will come to pass many years later. For instance, when the disciples came to him as he sat on the Mount of Olives and sought to learn about his coming and the capture of Jerusalem; and yet you know how great the interval is between the two events. For having spoken of the destruction of the metropolis, and having completed his discourse about these things, and being about to move on to the subject of the consummation, he added, Then these things also will be; not 57.185 bringing the times together by saying, Then, but indicating only that time in which these things were about to happen. This is what he does now, saying: In those days. For he has put this not to indicate the days immediately following, but those in which these things were about to happen, which he was preparing to narrate. And for what reason, he says, did Jesus come to be baptized after thirty years? He was about to abrogate the law after this baptism; for this reason he waits until this age, which is susceptible to all sins, fulfilling it all, so that no one might say that he abrogated it because he was unable to fulfill it. For not all passions attack us at all times; but in the first age there is much folly and faintheartedness, and in the next, pleasure is more vehement, and after this again, the desire for money. For this reason, having waited through every age, and having fulfilled it through all, he thus comes to his baptism, adding it afterwards to the fulfillment of the other commandments. For that this was his last righteous act of the law, hear what he says: For thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness. And what he says is this: we have accomplished all things of the law, we have not transgressed a single commandment. Since, therefore, this alone remains, it is necessary to add this also, and so we will fulfill all righteousness. For righteousness here the

τοὺς τῆς ψυχῆς, ὡς ἡ τούτων ἐπιθυμία. Οὗτος γοῦν ὁ χαλεπὸς ἔρως τῶν παρθένων ἐκείνων τὰς λαμπάδας ἔσβεσε, καὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος ἐξέβαλεν. Αὕτη ἡ ὄψις, ἡ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὠφελοῦσα, καθὼς ἔφης, τὸν ἄθλιον Ἰούδαν οὐκ ἀφῆκεν ἀκοῦσαι τῆς δεσποτικῆς φωνῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς βρόχον ἤγαγε, καὶ μέσον λακίσαι ἐποίησε, καὶ μετ' ἐκεῖνα πάντα εἰς γέενναν παρέπεμψε. Τί τοίνυν ταύτης παρανομώτερον γένοιτ' ἄν; τί δὲ φρικωδέστερον; οὐ τῆς ὕλης τῶν χρημάτων λέγω, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν τῆς ἀκαίρου καὶ μανικῆς. Καὶ γὰρ αἱμάτων ἀνθρωπίνων στάζει, καὶ φόνον βλέπει, καὶ θηρίου παντός ἐστι χαλεπωτέρα, κατασπαράττουσα τοὺς ἐμπεσόντας, καὶ ὃ πολλῷ χεῖρόν ἐστιν, οὐδὲ τῶν σπαραγμῶν ἀφίησιν αἰσθάνεσθαι τούτων. ∆έον γὰρ οὕτω τοὺς τὰ τοιαῦτα πάσχοντας, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς παριόντας χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν, καὶ εἰς συμμαχίαν καλεῖν, οἱ δὲ καὶ χάριν ἔχουσι τούτων τῶν ἑλκηθμῶν· οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἀθλιώτερον; Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα ἐννοοῦντες, φύγωμεν τὴν ἀνίατον νόσον, θεραπεύσωμεν αὐτῆς τὰ δήγματα, καὶ μακρὰν ἀποστῶμεν τῆς τοιαύτης λύμης· ἵνα καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀσφαλῆ καὶ ἀτάραχον ζήσωμεν βίον, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν θησαυρῶν· [ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν] χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν, καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

57.183 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ιʹ. Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις παραγίνεται Ἰωάννης ὁ Βαπτιστὴς, κηρύσσων ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῆς Ἰου δαίας, καὶ λέγων·

Μετανοεῖτε· ἤγγικε γὰρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν. αʹ. Ποίαις ἡμέραις ἐκείναις; Οὐδὲ γὰρ τότε, ἡνίκα παῖς ἦν, καὶ εἰς Ναζαρὲτ

ἦλθεν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τριάκοντα ἔτη παραγίνεται ὁ Ἰωάννης, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Λουκᾶς μαρτυρεῖ. Πῶς οὖν φησιν, Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις; Ἔθος ἀεὶ τῇ Γραφῇ τούτῳ κεχρῆσθαι τῷ τρόπῳ· οὐχ ὅταν τὰ ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς χρόνῳ συμβαίνοντα 57.184 λέγῃ μόνον, ἀλλ' ὅταν καὶ τὰ πολλοῖς ὕστερον ἔτεσιν ἐκβησόμενα. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ἡνίκα ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους τῶν Ἐλαιῶν αὐτῷ καθημένῳ προσῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ, καὶ περὶ τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ μαθεῖν ἐζήτουν, καὶ τῆς τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων ἁλώσεως· καίτοιγε ἴστε ὅσον τὸ μέσον ἑκατέρων τῶν καιρῶν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ τὴν κατασκαφὴν τῆς μητροπόλεως, καὶ τὸν περὶ τούτων ἀπαρτίσας λόγον, καὶ μέλλων εἰς τὸν περὶ τῆς συντελείας ἐκβαίνειν, ἐπήγαγε, Τότε καὶ ταῦτα ἔσται· οὐ 57.185 συνάγων τοὺς χρόνους τῷ, Τότε, εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνον μόνον δηλῶν τὸν καιρὸν, ἐν ᾧ ταῦτα συμβήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν. Ὅπερ καὶ νῦν ποιεῖ λέγων· Ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις. Οὐ γὰρ τὰς ἑξῆς δηλῶν τοῦτο τέθεικεν, ἀλλ' ἐκείνας, ἐν αἷς ταῦτα συμβαίνειν ἔμελλεν. ἃ διηγήσασθαι παρεσκευάζετο. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν μετὰ τριάκοντα ἔτη, φησὶν, ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς; Λύειν τὸν νόμον ἔμελλε μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα τοῦτο λοιπόν· διὰ τοῦτο μέχρι ταύτης τῆς ἡλικίας τῆς πάντα δεχομένης τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, μένει αὐτὸν πληρῶν ἅπαντα, ἵνα μηδεὶς λέγῃ, ὅτι διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν πληρῶσαι ἔλυσεν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀεὶ πάντα ἡμῖν ἐπιτίθεται τὰ πάθη· ἀλλ' ἐν μὲν τῇ πρώτῃ ἡλικίᾳ πολὺ τὸ ἀνόητον καὶ μικρόψυχον, ἐν δὲ τῇ μετ' ἐκείνην σφοδροτέρα ἡ ἡδονὴ, καὶ μετὰ ταύτην πάλιν ἡ τῶν χρημάτων ἐπιθυμία. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο πᾶσαν τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀναμείνας, καὶ διὰ πάσης πληρώσας αὐτὸν, οὕτως ἐπὶ τὸ βάπτισμα ἔρχεται, ὕστερον αὐτὸ ἐπιτιθεὶς τῇ τῶν ἄλλων ἐντολῶν ἐκπληρώσει. Ὅτι γὰρ τοῦτο ἔσχατον ἦν αὐτῷ κατόρθωμα τῶν νομίμων, ἄκουσον τί φησιν· Οὕτω γὰρ πρέπον ἡμῖν ἐστι πληρῶσαι πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· πάντα ἠνύσαμεν τὰ νομικὰ, οὐδὲ μίαν παρέβημεν ἐντολήν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοῦτο περιλείπεται μόνον, δεῖ καὶ τοῦτο προσθεῖναι, καὶ οὕτω πᾶσαν πληρώσομεν τὴν δικαιοσύνην. ∆ικαιοσύνην γὰρ ἐνταῦθα τὴν