61

is the result of an energy, but the burning is the result of the fire; and the difference between these is preserved in the burnt cut and in the cut burning, even if neither the burning could happen without the cut after the union, nor the cut without the burning; and neither because of the duality of the natural energy do we speak of two incandescent knives, nor because of the unity of the incandescent knife do we work a confusion of their essential difference. So also in Christ, of His divinity is the divine and all-powerful energy, and of His humanity is the one that is according to us. And the result of the human energy was the taking of the girl's hand and drawing it, but of the divine energy, the life-giving; for this is one thing, and that is another, even if they are inseparable from each other in the theandric energy. If because the hypostasis of the Lord is one, the energy will also be one, then because of the one hypostasis the essence will also be one. And again: If we should speak of one energy in the Lord, we shall call it either divine or human or neither. But if divine, we shall call Him God alone, stripped of the humanity that is according to us. If human, we shall blaspheme Him as a mere man. If neither divine nor human, then He is neither God nor man, nor consubstantial with the Father nor with us; for from the union the identity according to hypostasis has come to be, but the difference of the natures has not been abolished. And with the difference of the natures being preserved, their energies will clearly also be preserved; for there is no nature without energy. If the energy of the Lord Christ is one, it will be either created or uncreated; for there is no energy between these, just as there is no nature. If, therefore, it is created, it will indicate only a created nature; but if uncreated, it will characterize only an uncreated essence. For natural things must in all ways be appropriate to their natures; for it is impossible for a deficient nature to have existence. But the natural energy is not of things external, and it is clear that it is not possible for a nature either to be or to be known without energy; for by that through which each thing energizes, it confirms its own nature, which is unchanging. If the energy of Christ is one, it is the same that produces both the divine and the human things. But nothing among beings, while remaining in its natural state, can do opposite things; for fire does not cool and heat, nor does water dry and moisten. How then could He who is God by nature and became man by nature have accomplished both the miracles and the passions by one energy? If therefore Christ took a human mind, that is, an intelligent and rational soul, He will in every way think and will always think; and thought is an energy of the mind. Therefore, also as man, Christ is active and always active. But Saint John Chrysostom in the interpretation of the Acts, in the second homily, says thus: "One would not err in also calling His passion an action; for in suffering all things He performed that great and wonderful work, having destroyed death and accomplished all other things." If every energy is defined as the essential motion of some nature, as the experts in these matters have determined, where has anyone seen a nature that is motionless or completely without energy, or found an energy that is not the motion of a natural power? "But one natural energy of God and creature" no one of sound mind would grant, according to the blessed Cyril; nor does the human nature give life to Lazarus, nor does the divine power weep; for the tear is proper to the humanity, but the life is proper to the enhypostatic life. But nevertheless, both are common to both because of the identity of the hypostasis. For Christ is one and His person, that is, His hypostasis, is one, but nevertheless He has two natures, that of His divinity and His humanity. From the divinity, therefore, the glory naturally proceeding became common to each through the identity of the hypostasis, and from the flesh, the humble things were common to each; for He is one and the same who is both this and that, that is, God and man, and to the same belong both the things of the divinity and the things of the humanity; for the divinity worked the divine signs, but not without the flesh, and the flesh worked the humble things, but not apart from the divinity. For to the suffering flesh was joined the impassible divinity

61

ἐνεργείας ἐστὶν ἀποτέλεσμα, ἡ δὲ καῦσις τοῦ πυρός· καὶ σῴζεται τὸ τούτων διάφορον ἐν τῇ κεκαυμένῃ τομῇ καὶ ἐν τῇ τετμημένῃ καύσει, εἰ καὶ μήτε ἡ καῦσις τῆς τομῆς δίχα γίγνοιτο μετὰ τὴν ἕνωσιν μήτε ἡ τομὴ δίχα τῆς καύσεως· καὶ οὔτε διὰ τὸ διττὸν τῆς φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας δύο πεπυρακτωμένας μαχαίρας φαμὲν οὔτε διὰ τὸ μοναδικὸν τῆς πεπυρακτωμένης μαχαίρας σύγχυσιν τῆς οὐσιώδους αὐτῶν διαφορᾶς ἐργαζόμεθα. Οὕτω καὶ ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ τῆς μὲν θεότητος αὐτοῦ ἡ θεία καὶ παντοδύναμος ἐνέργεια, τῆς δὲ ἀνθρωπότητος αὐτοῦ ἡ καθ' ἡμᾶς. Ἀποτέλεσμα δὲ τῆς μὲν ἀνθρωπίνης τὸ κρατηθῆναι τὴν χεῖρα τῆς παιδὸς καὶ ἑλκυσθῆναι, τῆς δὲ θείας ἡ ζωοποίησις· ἄλλο γὰρ τοῦτο, κἀκεῖνο ἕτερον, εἰ καὶ ἀλλήλων ἀχώριστοι ὑπάρχουσιν ἐν τῇ θεανδρικῇ ἐνεργείᾳ. Εἰ διὰ τὸ μίαν εἶναι τὴν τοῦ κυρίου ὑπόστασιν μία ἔσται καὶ ἡ ἐνέργεια, διὰ τὴν μίαν ὑπόστασιν μία ἔσται καὶ ἡ οὐσία. Καὶ πάλιν· Εἰ μίαν ἐνέργειαν ἐπὶ τοῦ κυρίου εἴποιμεν, ἢ θείαν ταύτην λέξομεν ἢ ἀνθρωπίνην ἢ οὐδετέραν. Ἀλλ' εἰ μὲν θείαν, θεὸν αὐτὸν μόνον γυμνὸν τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς ἀνθρωπότητος λέξομεν. Εἰ δὲ ἀνθρωπίνην, ψιλὸν αὐτὸν ἄνθρωπον βλασφημήσομεν. Εἰ δὲ οὐδὲ θείαν οὐδὲ ἀνθρωπίνην, οὐδὲ θεὸν οὐδὲ ἄνθρωπον, οὐδὲ τῷ πατρὶ οὐδὲ ἡμῖν ὁμοούσιον· ἐκ γὰρ τῆς ἑνώσεως ἡ καθ' ὑπόστασιν ταυτότης γέγονεν, οὐ μὴν δὲ καὶ ἡ διαφορὰ τῶν φύσεων ἀνῄρηται. Τῆς δὲ διαφορᾶς σῳζομένης τῶν φύσεων, σωθήσονται δηλαδὴ καὶ αἱ τούτων ἐνέργειαι· οὐ γάρ ἐστι φύσις ἀνενέργητος. Εἰ μία τοῦ δεσπότου Χριστοῦ ἡ ἐνέργεια, ἢ κτιστὴ ἔσται ἢ ἄκτιστος· μέσον γὰρ τούτων οὐκ ἔστιν ἐνέργεια ὥσπερ οὐδὲ φύσις. Εἰ οὖν κτιστή, κτιστὴν μόνην δηλώσει φύσιν· εἰ δὲ ἄκτιστος, ἄκτιστον μόνην χαρακτηρίσει οὐσίαν. ∆εῖ γὰρ πάντως κατάλληλα ταῖς φύσεσιν εἶναι τὰ φυσικά· ἀδύνατον γὰρ ἐλλιποῦς φύσεως ὕπαρξιν εἶναι. Ἡ δὲ κατὰ φύσιν ἐνέργεια οὐ τῶν ἐκτὸς ὑπάρχει, καὶ δῆλον, ὅτι οὔτε εἶναι οὔτε γινώσκεσθαι τὴν φύσιν δυνατὸν ἐνεργείας δίχα· δι' ὧν γὰρ ἐνεργεῖ ἕκαστον, τὴν οἰκείαν φύσιν πιστοῦται, ὅπερ ἐστὶ μὴ τρεπόμενον. Εἰ μία Χριστοῦ ἡ ἐνέργεια, ἡ αὐτὴ τῶν θείων καὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ποιητική. Οὐδὲν δὲ τῶν ὄντων ἐν τοῖς κατὰ φύσιν μένον τὰ ἐναντία ποιεῖν δύναται· οὐ γὰρ τὸ πῦρ ψύχει καὶ θερμαίνει, οὐδὲ ξηραίνει καὶ ὑγραίνει τὸ ὕδωρ. Πῶς οὖν ὁ φύσει ὢν θεὸς καὶ φύσει γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος τά τε θαύματα καὶ τὰ πάθη μιᾷ ἐνεργείᾳ ἐπετέλεσεν; Εἰ οὖν ἔλαβεν ὁ Χριστὸς νοῦν ἀνθρώπινον ἤγουν ψυχὴν νοεράν τε καὶ λογικήν, διανοηθήσεται πάντως καὶ ἀεὶ διανοηθήσεται· ἐνέργεια δὲ νοῦ ἡ διάνοια. Ἄρα καὶ καθὸ ἄνθρωπος ἐνεργὴς ὁ Χριστὸς καὶ ἀεὶ ἐνεργής. Ὁ δὲ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος ἐν τῇ ἑρμηνείᾳ τῶν Πράξεων δευτέρῳ λόγῳ οὕτω φησίν· «Οὐκ ἂν δέ τις ἁμάρτοι καὶ τὸ πάθος αὐτοῦ πρᾶξιν καλέσας· ἐν τῷ γὰρ τὰ πάντα παθεῖν ἐποίησε τὸ μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν ἐκεῖνο ἔργον τὸν θάνατον καταλύσας καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ἐργασάμενος». Εἰ πᾶσα ἐνέργεια φύσεώς τινος οὐσιώδης ὁρίζεται κίνησις, ὡς οἱ περὶ ταῦτα δεινοὶ διειλήφασι, ποῦ φύσιν τις εἶδεν ἀκίνητον ἢ παντελῶς ἀνενέργητον ἢ ἐνέργειαν εὕρηκεν οὐ φυσικῆς δυνάμεως ὑπάρχουσαν κίνησιν; «Μίαν δὲ φυσικὴν τὴν ἐνέργειαν θεοῦ καὶ ποιήματος» οὐκ ἄν τις εὖ φρονῶν δοίη κατὰ τὸν μακάριον Κύριλλον· οὐδὲ ζωοποιεῖ τὸν Λάζαρον ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φύσις, οὐδὲ δακρύει ἡ θεϊκὴ ἐξουσία· τὸ μὲν γὰρ δάκρυον τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος ἴδιον, ἡ δὲ ζωὴ τῆς ἐνυποστάτου ζωῆς. Ἀλλ' ὅμως κοινῶς ἀμφοτέρων ἑκάτερα διὰ τὸ ταὐτὸν τῆς ὑποστάσεως. Εἷς μὲν γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς καὶ ἓν αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσωπον ἤτοι ἡ ὑπόστασις, ἀλλ' ὅμως ἔχει δύο φύσεις, τῆς θεότητος καὶ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος αὐτοῦ. Ἐκ μὲν οὖν τῆς θεότητος ἡ δόξα φυσικῶς προϊοῦσα ἑκατέρου κοινὴ διὰ τὴν τῆς ὑποστάσεως ἐγένετο ταυτότητα, ἐκ δὲ τῆς σαρκὸς τὰ ταπεινὰ ἑκατέρῳ κοινά· εἷς γάρ ἐστι καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς ὁ τοῦτό τε κἀκεῖνο ὢν ἤτοι θεὸς καὶ ἄνθρωπος, καὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ, τά τε τῆς θεότητος καὶ τὰ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος· τὰς μὲν γὰρ θεοσημίας ἡ θεότης εἰργάζετο, ἀλλ' οὐ δίχα τῆς σαρκός, τὰ δὲ ταπεινὰ ἡ σάρξ, ἀλλ' οὐ χωρὶς τῆς θεότητος. Καὶ πασχούσῃ γὰρ τῇ σαρκὶ συνημμένη ἦν ἡ θεότης ἀπαθὴς