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he endeavored to cause the slandered to cease from their association with one another; but having failed, he groaned deeply and said that a woman cohabiting with a man according to law, having heard his discourses on self-control, abstained from intercourse, which it is lawful for wives to have with their own husbands, while those who were unlawfully cohabiting with one another showed his persuasion to be weak. Tradition has it that such a man became the founder of the strict monastic discipline in this region. 3.14.38 But the Thracians and Illyrians, and all who inhabit what is called Europe, although they were as yet unacquainted with monastic communities, yet were not entirely without philosophic men. At that time Martin was well known among them, who was of a distinguished family from Savaria in Pannonia, and having served with distinction in the army, he became a tribune. But preferring the divine, he pursued the philosophic 3.14.3 life. He first resided among the Illyrians; but when, zealously contending for the dogma, he detected some of the bishops there holding the opinions of Arius, he was plotted against and often publicly beaten and was driven out, and coming to Milan, he lived by himself. He withdrew from there also, being plotted against by Auxentius the bishop of that place, who was himself not sound 3.14.40 with respect to the faith of those who had assembled at Nicaea. And for some time, subsisting on the roots of herbs, he inhabited an island which they call Gallinaria; it is small and uninhabited, situated in the Tyrrhenian sea. But after some time he was permitted to oversee the church in Tarracina. He is reported to have advanced so far in wonder-working, as to be believed to have raised a dead man and to have performed other signs not inferior to those of the apostles. 3.14.41 We have received that at that time Hilary also lived in this region, a man admirable in life and word, who shared Martin's exile on account of his zeal for the dogma. Concerning the men, therefore, who at that time pursued philosophy in piety and 3.14.42 in the ecclesiastical rule, these things I have learned as I have written. But an extraordinary number of very eloquent men flourished in the churches at the same time. The most notable among these were Eusebius, who was entrusted with the priesthood of Emesa, and Titus of Bostra, and Sarapion of Thmuis, and Basil of Ancyra, and Eudoxius of Germanicia, and Acacius of Caesarea, and Cyril, who was entrusted with the throne of Jerusalem. And as proofs of their learning they composed and have left behind many works worthy of note. 3.15.1 About this time Didymus the ecclesiastical writer also flourished, presiding in Alexandria over the school of sacred studies. In him dwelt all manner of wisdom, both of poets and orators, 3.15.2 astronomy and geometry and numbers and the doctrines of philosophers. He acquired the knowledge of all these things by mind and hearing alone. For while still young he became blind during his first attempt at learning the letters. But when he was already entering upon youth, he desired discourse and learning; and frequenting those who taught these things, he only listened; and he came to such a degree of wisdom as to grasp even the difficult theorems in the sciences. It is said that he learned the shapes of the letters, carved deeply into a board, by touching them with his fingers, and syllables and names and the other things in succession by apprehension of mind and by continuous listening 3.15.3 and by memory of the things caught by hearing. And it was no small wonder; and many, on account of the man's fame, came to Alexandria, some to hear him, 3.15.4 others merely to see him. And he distressed the followers of Arius not a little by upholding the dogma of the council at Nicaea. For he persuaded them easily, not seeming to do this by force of argument, but by his exceeding persuasiveness making each of them, as it were, his own judge of the disputed points. But he was highly esteemed by those of the catholic church; and the orders of the monks in 3.15.5 Egypt and Antony the great praised him. whom they say at that time, having come from the desert to Alexandria to bear witness to the faith of Athanasius,

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διαβαλλομένους σπουδάσαι τῆς πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμιλίας παῦσαι· ἀποτυχόντα δὲ μέγα ἀνοιμῶξαι καὶ εἰπεῖν, ὡς κατὰ νόμον ἀνδρὶ συνοικοῦσα γυνὴ τοὺς περὶ σωφροσύνης λόγους ἀκούσασα αὐτοῦ συνουσίας ἀπέσχετο, ἧς γαμεταῖς θέμις πρὸς ἰδίους ἄνδρας κοινωνεῖν, τοὺς δὲ παρανόμως συνουσιάζοντας ἀλλήλοις ἀσθενῆ ἀποφῆναι τὴν αὐτοῦ πειθώ. τὸν δὴ τοιοῦτον τῆς κατὰ τόδε τὸ κλίμα ἀκριβοῦς μοναστικῆς ἀγωγῆς ἀρχηγὸν γενέσθαι λόγος. 3.14.38 Θρᾷκες δὲ καὶ ᾿Ιλλυριοὶ καὶ ὅσοι τὴν καλουμένην Εὐρώπην οἰκοῦσιν, εἰ καὶ ἀπείρατοι ἔτι μοναχικῶν συνοικιῶν ἦσαν, ἀλλ' οὐ παντελῶς φιλοσόφων ἀνδρῶν ἠτύχουν. ἐγνωρίζετο δὲ τότε παρ' αὐτοῖς Μαρτῖνος, ὃς ἀπὸ Σαβαρείας τῆς Παννονίας ἐπίσημος ἦν τὸ γένος, ἐν ὅπλοις δὲ λαμπρῶς στρατευσάμενος καὶ συνταγματάρχης ἐγένετο. προτιμήσας δὲ τὸ θεῖον τὸν φιλόσοφον 3.14.3 μετῄει βίον. διέτριβε δὲ τὰ πρῶτα παρ' ᾿Ιλλυριοῖς· ἐπεὶ δὲ προθύμως ὑπὲρ τοῦ δόγματος ἀγωνιζόμενός τινας τῶν ἐνθάδε ἐπισκόπων ἐφώρασε τὰ ᾿Αρείου φρονοῦντας, ἐπιβουλευθεὶς καὶ πολλάκις δημοσίᾳ τυπτηθεὶς ἐξηλάθη, καὶ εἰς Μεδιόλανον ἐλθὼν καθ' ἑαυτὸν διέτριβεν. ὑπεχώρησε δὲ ἔνθεν ἐπιβουλευόμενος παρὰ Αὐξεντίου τοῦ τῇδε ἐπισκόπου, οὐδὲ αὐτοῦ ὑγιῶς 3.14.40 ἔχοντος περὶ τὴν πίστιν τῶν ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνελθόντων. καὶ ἐπί τινα χρόνον ῥίζαις βοτανῶν ἀρκούμενος νῆσον ᾤκησεν ἣν Γαλληναρίαν καλοῦσι· μικρὰ δὲ αὕτη καὶ ἀοίκητος, ἐν τῷ Τυρρηνικῷ πελάγει κειμένη. χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον καὶ ἐπισκοπεῖν ἐπετράπη τὴν ἐν Ταρρακίναις ἐκκλησίαν. ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον δὲ θαυματουργίας προελθεῖν παραδέδοται, ὡς καὶ νεκρὸν ἐγεῖραι πιστεύεσθαι ἄλλα τε σημεῖα ἐπιτελέσαι ἀποστολικῶν οὐ λειπόμενα. 3.14.41 Κατὰ τόδε τὸ ὑπήκοον ἐν τῷ τότε καὶ ῾Ιλάριον γενέσθαι παρειλήφαμεν, ἄνδρα βίῳ καὶ λόγῳ θεσπέσιον, ὃς Μαρτίνῳ τῆς φυγῆς ἐκοινώνησε διὰ τὴν περὶ τὸ δόγμα σπουδήν. ἀνδρῶν μὲν οὖν πέρι, οἳ τότε ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ 3.14.42 ἐκκλησιαστικῷ θεσμῷ ἐφιλοσόφουν, τάδε ἔγνων ὡς συνέγραψα. ὑπερφυῶς δὲ πολλοὶ καὶ μάλα ἐλλόγιμοι κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις διέπρεπον. ἐπισημότατοι δὲ ἐν τούτοις ἐγένοντο Εὐσέβιος ὁ τὴν ᾿Εμέσης ἱερωσύνην ἐπιτροπεύσας καὶ Τίτος ὁ Βόστρης καὶ Σαραπίων ὁ Θμούεως, Βασίλειός τε ὁ ᾿Αγκύρας καὶ Εὐδόξιος ὁ Γερμανικείας καὶ ᾿Ακάκιος ὁ Καισαρείας καὶ Κύριλλος, ὃς τὸν ῾Ιεροσολύμων θρόνον ἐπετρόπευσε. σύμβολα δὲ τῆς αὐτῶν παιδείας συνεγράψαντο καὶ καταλελοίπασι πολλά τε καὶ λόγου ἄξια. 3.15.1 ῾Υπὸ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον καὶ ∆ίδυμος ὁ ἐκκλησιαστικὸς συγγραφεὺς διέπρεπε, προϊστάμενος ἐν ᾿Αλεξανδρείᾳ τοῦ διδασκαλείου τῶν ἱερῶν μαθημάτων. ἐν τούτῳ δὲ καὶ παντοδαπὴ σοφία ᾤκει, ποιηταί τε καὶ ῥήτορες, 3.15.2 ἀστρονομία τε καὶ γεωμετρία καὶ ἀριθμοὶ καὶ δόξαι φιλοσόφων. πάντων δὲ νῷ μόνῳ καὶ ἀκοῇ τὴν εἴδησιν ἐκτήσατο. νέος γὰρ ἔτι τυφλὸς ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ πείρᾳ τῆς μαθήσεως τῶν στοιχείων. ἤδη δὲ εἰς ἐφήβους τελῶν ἐπεθύμησε λόγων καὶ παιδείας· καὶ τοῖς ταῦτα διδάσκουσι φοιτῶν ἠκροᾶτο μόνον· καὶ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἦλθε σοφίας, ὡς καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς μαθήμασι σκολιῶν θεωρημάτων ἐφικέσθαι. λέγεται δὲ τοὺς χαρακτῆρας τῶν γραμμάτων σανίδι καταχαραγέντας εἰς βάθος ἐκμαθεῖν τοῖς δακτύλοις ἐφαπτόμενος, συλλαβὰς δὲ καὶ ὀνόματα καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἐφεξῆς καταλήψει νοῦ καὶ συνεχεῖ ἀκροάσει 3.15.3 καὶ ἀναμνήσει τῶν ἀκοῇ θηρωμένων. ἦν δὲ οὐ τὸ τυχὸν θαῦμα· καὶ πολλοὶ κατὰ κλέος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς εἰς ᾿Αλεξάνδρειαν παρεγένοντο, οἱ μὲν αὐτοῦ 3.15.4 ἀκουσόμενοι, οἱ δὲ ἱστορήσοντες μόνον. ἐλύπει δὲ οὐ μετρίως τοὺς ᾿Αρείου τῷ δόγματι τῆς ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνόδου συνιστάμενος. ἔπειθε γὰρ ῥᾳδίως, οὐ βίᾳ λόγου τοῦτο ποιεῖν δοκῶν, ἀλλ' ὑπὸ τῆς ἄγαν πειθοῦς ἕκαστον αὐτῶν ἑαυτοῦ οἱονεὶ κριτὴν καθίστη τῶν ἀμφιβόλων. τοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς καθόλου ἐκκλησίας περισπούδαστος ἦν· ἐπῄνει δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ τὰ τάγματα τῶν ἐν 3.15.5 Αἰγύπτῳ μοναχῶν καὶ ᾿Αντώνιος ὁ μέγας. ὅν φασι τότε ἐπὶ μαρτυρίᾳ τῆς ᾿Αθανασίου πίστεως ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου παραγενόμενον εἰς ᾿Αλεξάνδρειαν,