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contrarily. For when a man disinherits, he casts out from the greater part, but leaves the lesser; but God, having left the greater part, cast him out from a small portion, and this for his benefit, so that he might not easily get the better of all other things. But this too is from God's care; for by sharpening his wisdom, and humbling his pride, and cutting off his unseasonable leisure—since having everything with ease he became unruly—He mixed in some difficulty into the use of life, and allowed him to reap neither all things with toil, nor all things without toil; but the things for necessity He allowed him to have without labor and sweat, but the things for luxury with labor and sweat, wishing also to curtail for us this great license. But if someone should say: What is the benefit of wild animals? we will say: First, it works humility of soul, and makes man watchful, and reminds the exceedingly arrogant man of his own nature, whenever the irrational creature is fearsome to him. And many remedies for ailing bodies are made from them. But he who asks this, why wild beasts were made, will also ask why there is phlegm and bile in us? For these too, if they are provoked, will emerge more fiercely than a wild beast, and wreak havoc on the whole body. And anger is within us, and desire again; and these, when we do not restrain and bridle them, cause more harm than wild beasts. And why do I speak of anger and wrath, 55.119 when even our eye, worse than wild beasts, has enveloped us in passions, having pierced us with bitter love? But we will not say because of this: Why have these things been made? But we will also be grateful to the Master for all things. For what a strap is to a child, a wild beast is to men. For if, while constrained by so many terrible things, the majority are raised to such desperation, if you also take away this bridle, consider where the affairs of wickedness will advance. For this reason also our body has been so constructed, susceptible to disease, passible, besieged by a myriad of evils; and the earth gives its fruits with labors; and all of life is full of sweat. Since the present life is a place of training, and ease and leisure destroy the majority of men, for this reason He also mixed in occupation and labor for us, so that the arousal of the mind might be disciplined as if by certain bridles. But consider also the things that swim through the depth of the waters, and the things that are raised up on high, the Master has subjected them to you through skill. And why did he not go through all visible things, both plants and seeds and trees? From a part he indicated the whole, and to the lovers of learning he left the discussion concerning these things. And again he ends at the same point from which he also began: O Lord, our Lord; both before the proof, and after the proof placing the same words. Let us therefore also remain continually saying the same things, marveling at His care, being astounded at His wisdom, His love for mankind, His providence for us. And these things have been said by us for interpretation. But if you wish, let us also handle the discourse more contentiously, and let us ask the Jews, where did children sing a voice? where did such a voice destroy the enemy? and when did His name become wonderful? But they could not mention another time than this one, which shows the power of the truth more clearly than the sun. For this reason he says: I will see the heavens, the works of your fingers; and yet Moses already said, that In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth. But against the Jews these things are sufficient, and what was said before; but since those without circumcision who imitate and emulate them, the followers of Paul of Samosata, say that Christ exists from the time that He came forth from Mary, let us ask them too, how, if Christ existed from that time, did He create the heavens? For he says that the one who perfected praise from the mouth of infants and nursing children, and the one who made the heavens, are the same one here. But if

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ἀπεναντίας. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωπος ἀποκληρονόμον ποιῶν, τοῦ πλείονος ἐκβάλλει μέρους, τὸ δὲ ἔλαττον ἀφίησιν· ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τὸ πλέον ἀφεὶς, ὀλίγου τινὸς ἐξέβαλε, καὶ τοῦτο πρὸς ὠφέλειαν, ἵνα μὴ πάντων εὐκόλως περιγίγνηται τῶν ἄλλων. Ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ κηδεμονίας· τὴν γὰρ σοφίαν αὐτοῦ θήγων, καὶ τὸ φρόνημα καθαιρῶν, καὶ τὴν ἄκαιρον σχολὴν ἐκκόπτων ἐπειδὴ πάντα μετ' εὐκολίας ἔχων ἐξετραχηλίσθη, ἀνέμιξέ τινα καὶ δυσκολίαν τῇ χρήσει τοῦ βίου, καὶ οὔτε πάντα μετὰ καμάτου, οὔτε πάντα ἄνευ καμάτου καρποῦσθαι αὐτὸν εἴασεν· ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν πρὸς χρείαν πόνου χωρὶς καὶ ἱδρώτων ἀφῆκεν αὐτὸν ἔχειν, τὰ δὲ πρὸς τρυφὴν μετὰ πόνου καὶ ἱδρῶτος, βουλόμενος καὶ ταύτην ἡμῖν ὑποτέμνεσθαι τὴν πολλὴν ἄδειαν. Εἰ δὲ λέγοι τις· Τί δὲ τῶν ἀγρίων ὄφελος ζώων; ἐροῦμεν· Πρῶτον μὲν ψυχῆς ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐργάζεται, καὶ ἐναγώνιον ποιεῖ τὸν ἄνθρωπον, καὶ τὸν σφόδρα ἀλαζόνα τῆς οἰκείας ἀναμιμνήσκει φύσεως, ὅταν τὸ ἄλογον αὐτῷ φοβερὸν ᾖ. Πολλὰ δὲ καὶ σώμασι κάμνουσιν ἐκ τούτων φάρμακα γίνεται. Ὁ δὲ ταῦτα ἐρωτῶν, τί δήποτε γέγονε τὰ ἄγρια θηρία. ἐρωτήσει καὶ τί ποτε φλέγμα καὶ χολὴ ἐν ἡμῖν; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα, ἂν παροξυνθῇ, θηρίου χαλεπώτερον ἔξεισι, καὶ τῷ σώματι παντὶ λυμαίνεται. Καὶ θυμὸς δὲ ἡμῖν ἔγκειται, καὶ ἐπιθυμία πάλιν· καὶ ταῦτα θηρίων χαλεπώτερον λυμαινόμενα μὴ κατείργοντας αὐτὰ καὶ χαλινοῦντας. Καὶ τί λέγω θυμὸν καὶ ὀργὴν, 55.119 ὅπου γε καὶ ὀφθαλμὸς ὁ ἡμέτερος θηρίων χεῖρον περιέβαλε πάθεσιν, εἰς ἔρωτα πικρὸν περιπείρας; Ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ τοῦτο ἐροῦμεν· ∆ιὰ τί ταῦτα γέγονεν; Ἀλλὰ καὶ χάριν εἰσόμεθα πάντων ἕνεκεν τῷ ∆εσπότῃ. Ὅπερ γάρ ἐστιν ἱμὰς τῷ παιδὶ, τοῦτο θηρίον ἀνθρώποις. Εἰ γὰρ τοσούτοις συνεχόμενοι δεινοῖς εἰς τοσαύτην ἀπόνοιαν οἱ πλείους αἴρονται, ἂν καὶ τοῦτον περιέλῃς τὸν χαλινὸν, ἐννόησον ποῦ τὰ τῆς κακίας προβήσεται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἡμῖν οὕτω κατεσκεύασται, ἐπίνοσον, παθητὸν, ὑπὸ μυρίων πολιορκούμενον κακῶν· καὶ ἡ γῆ μετὰ πόνων τὰ αὑτῆς δίδωσι· καὶ ὁ βίος ἅπας ἱδρώτων γέμει. Ἐπειδὴ παιδευτήριον ὁ παρὼν βίος ἐστὶ, καὶ ἄνεσις καὶ σχολὴ τοὺς πλείονας τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλλυσι, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀσχολίαν καὶ πόνον ἡμῖν ἀνέμιξεν, ἵνα ὥσπερ ὑπό τινων χαλινῶν τὸ ἐγηγερμένον τῆς διανοίας κολάζηται. Σὺ δὲ σκόπει καὶ τὰ νηχόμενα διὰ τοῦ βάθους τῶν ὑδάτων, καὶ τὰ εἰς ὕψος αἰρόμενα ὑπέταξέ σοι διὰ τῆς τέχνης ὁ ∆εσπότης. Καὶ τί δήποτε οὐ πάντα ἐπῆλθε τὰ ὁρώμενα, καὶ φυτὰ καὶ σπέρματα καὶ δένδρα; Ἀπὸ μέρους τὸ πᾶν ᾐνίξατο, καὶ τοῖς φιλομαθέσι τὸν περὶ τούτων ἀφῆκε λόγον. Καὶ πάλιν εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ καταλύει τέλος, ὅθεν καὶ ἤρξατο· Κύριε ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν· καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἀποδείξεως, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τὰ αὐτὰ τιθεὶς ῥήματα. Μένωμεν τοίνυν διηνεκῶς καὶ ἡμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ λέγοντες, θαυμάζοντες αὐτοῦ τὴν κηδεμονίαν, ἐκπληττόμενοι τὴν σοφίαν, τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν, τὴν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν πρόνοιαν. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἡμῖν εἰς ἑρμηνείαν εἴρηται. Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε, καὶ ἀγωνιστικώτερον τὸν λόγον μεταχειρίσωμεν, καὶ ἐρώμεθα Ἰουδαίους, ποῦ παιδία φωνὴν ᾖσε; ποῦ δὲ κατέλυσεν ἐχθρὸν ἡ τοιαύτη φωνή; πότε δὲ θαυμαστὸν γέγονεν αὐτοῦ τὸ ὄνομα; Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν ἔχοιεν ἕτερον καιρὸν εἰπεῖν, ἢ τοῦτον, ὃς ἡλίου φανότερον δείκνυσι τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν δύναμιν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ὄψομαι τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἔργα τῶν δακτύλων σου· καίτοι γε Μωϋσῆς ἤδη εἶπεν, ὅτι Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν. Ἀλλὰ πρὸς μὲν Ἰουδαίους ἀρκεῖ καὶ ταῦτα, καὶ τὰ ἔμπροσθεν εἰρημένα· ἐπειδὴ δὲ οἱ χωρὶς περιτομῆς τὰ ἐκείνων μιμούμενοι καὶ ζηλοῦντες, οἱ Παύλου τοῦ Σαμοσατέως, ἐκ τότε φασὶν εἶναι τὸν Χριστὸν, ἐξ οὗ ἀπὸ Μαρίας προῆλθεν, ἐρώμεθα κἀκείνους, πῶς, εἰ ἐκ τότε ἦν ὁ Χριστὸς, τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἐδημιούργησε; Τὸν γὰρ αὐτόν φησιν εἶναι ἐνταῦθα, τὸν ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων καταρτίσαντα αἶνον, καὶ τὸν ἐργασάμενον τοὺς οὐρανούς. Εἰ δὲ