63

No one founding a city calls it by the name of a dead person; for that is nonsense; but he calls it by the name of a living and established person. which city he called, as has been said before, by the name of Antiochus, his own son. And the same most wise Pausanias composed many other things in a poetic manner. The same Seleucus also planted the cypresses in Herakleida, the former city, now called Daphne, near the temple of Apollo, after the cypresses planted by Heracles the mystagogue, who founded Daphne in his own name and called it the city Herakleida. This was built outside the grove, by the temple of Athena; for the temple of Apollo was called Daphnaion, being in the middle of the grove. This Heracles was also the first to set forth the art of wrestling. And finally the same Seleucus died in the Hellespont, being 72 years old, and was buried in Seleucia of Syria. After the reign of Seleucus, his son Antiochus, surnamed Soter, reigned for twenty years; this Antiochus fell in love with his own stepmother Stratonice, the daughter of Demetrius, and 205 took her as his wife; from whom he had two sons, Seleucus, who died young, and Antiochus, surnamed Theoeides. and Antiochus the son of Seleucus died, and after him Antiochus Theoeides reigned for 15 years. and after him reigned his son by Berenice, Seleucus Callinicus for 24 years, and Alexander Nicator for 36 years, and Seleucus Philopator for ten years, and Antiochus Epiphanes for 12 years. And during his reign, when a plague occurred and many of the city were perishing, a certain mystagogue, Leios, ordered a rock from the mountain above the city to be carved with a very large mask, crowned, looking towards the city and the valley; and having written something on it, he stopped the pestilential death; which mask the Antiochenes call Charonion to this day. The same king Antiochus, called Epiphanes, first built in Antioch the Great, outside the city, the so-called council house, so that all his senators could gather there with the magistrates and all the property owners of the city and deliberate on what must be done about arising matters and then report to him what was expedient. And he also built some other things outside the city, calling these same parts after his own name the city Epiphania, not having built a wall for it, but thus was its habitation on the mountain. The same Antiochus Epiphanes became angry with Ptole 206 my, king of Egypt, because he demanded taxes from the Jews of the land that was under him. For the same Jews from Palestine had come to Antioch and asked Antiochus to write to Ptolemy, the toparch and king of Egypt, not to demand a tax from them as they were transporting grain for their own sustenance, since a great famine had then occurred in Palestine; for the Jews were transporting grain from the land of Egypt. This Ptolemy, having received the letters of Antiochus, ordered that even more be demanded from them. And so Antiochus Epiphanes marched against Ptolemy, because he was not persuaded by his letters; and when an engagement occurred between them, a great number of Antiochus' own men fell, and fleeing he went to the border. But when the Jews of Jerusalem learned this, they made illuminations in honor of Ptolemy, thinking Antiochus was dead, thus committing themselves. But Antiochus Epiphanes, gathering a multitude, fell upon Ptolemy and killed him, cutting down both him and his multitudes. And learning what the Jews of Jerusalem had done against him, that they rejoiced at his defeat, he armed himself against Jerusalem; and having besieged it, he fought and took it and slaughtered everyone; and Eleazar the high priest of the Jews and the

63

Οὐδεὶς δὲ κτίζων πόλιν εἰς ὄνομα τεθνηκότος αὐτὴν καλεῖ· ἔστι γὰρ λῆρος· ἀλλ' εἰς ὄνομα ζῶντος καὶ ἑστῶτος καλεῖ. ἥντινα πόλιν εἰς ὄνομα Ἀντιόχου τοῦ ἰδίου αὐτοῦ υἱοῦ, ὡς προείρηται, ἐκάλεσε. πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ὁ αὐτὸς σοφώτατος Παυσανίας ποιητικῶς συνεγράψατο. Ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς Σέλευκος καὶ εἰς τὴν Ἡρακλεῖδα τήν ποτε πόλιν, νυνὶ δὲ λεγομένην ∆άφνην, ἐφύτευσε τὰς κυπαρίσσους πλησίον τοῦ ἱεροῦ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος, μετὰ τὰς φυτευθείσας κυπαρίσσους ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡρακλέος τοῦ τελεστοῦ, τοῦ κτίσαντος τὴν ∆άφνην εἰς ὄνομα ἑαυτοῦ καὶ καλέσαντος αὐτὴν Ἡρακλεῖδα πόλιν. αὕτη δὲ ἔξω τοῦ ἄλσους ἦν κεκτισμένη ἐπὶ τὸν ναὸν τῆς Ἀθήνης· τὸ γὰρ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν ∆αφναῖον ἐλέγετο, μέσον ὄντα τοῦ ἄλσους. ὅστις Ἡρακλῆς καὶ τὴν τῆς πάλης ἐξέθετο τέχνην πρῶτος. Καὶ λοιπὸν ἐτελεύτησεν ὁ αὐτὸς Σέλευκος ἐν τῇ Ἑλλησπόντῳ ὢν ἐνιαυτῶν οβʹ, καὶ ἐτάφη ἐν Σελευκείᾳ τῆς Συρίας. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν Σελεύκου ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀντίοχος ὁ ἐπικληθεὶς Σωτὴρ ἔτη εἴκοσι· ὅστις Ἀντίοχος ἐφίλησε τὴν ἰδίαν μητρυιὰν Στρατονίκην τὴν θυγατέρα ∆ημητρίου, καὶ 205 ἔλαβεν αὐτὴν γυναῖκα· ἀφ' ἧς εἶχεν υἱοὺς δύο, Σέλευκον, ὅστις μικρὸς ἐτελεύτησε, καὶ Ἀντίοχον τὸν ἐπικληθέντα Θεοειδῆ. καὶ ἐτελεύτησεν Ἀντίοχος ὁ Σελεύκου καὶ ἐβασίλευσε μετ' αὐτὸν Ἀντίοχος ὁ Θεοειδὴς ἔτη ιεʹ. καὶ μετ' αὐτὸν ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐκ Βερνίκης Σέλευκος ὁ Καλλίνικος ἔτη κδʹ, καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Νικάτωρ ἔτη λςʹ, καὶ Σέλευκος ὁ Φιλοπάτωρ ἔτη δέκα, καὶ Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἐπιφανὴς ἔτη ιβʹ. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλείας λοιμοῦ γενομένου καὶ πολλῶν διαφθαρέντων τῆς πόλεως, Λήιός τις τελεστὴς ἐκέλευσε πέτραν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ ὑπεράνω τῆς πόλεως γλυφῆναι ἔχουσαν προσωπεῖον μέγα πάνυ, ἐστεμμένον, προσέχοντα ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν αὐλῶνα· καὶ γράψας ἐν αὐτῷ τινα ἔπαυσε τὴν λοιμικὴν θνῆσιν· ὅπερ προσωπεῖον καλοῦσιν ἕως τοῦ νῦν οἱ Ἀντιοχεῖς Χαρώνιον. ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς Ἀντίοχος ὁ λεγόμενος Ἐπιφανὴς ἔκτισε πρῶτον ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τῇ μεγάλῃ ἔξω τῆς πόλεως τὸ λεγόμενον βουλευτήριον εἰς τὸ ἐκεῖσε συνάγεσθαι πάντας τοὺς συγκλητικοὺς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν πολιτευομένων καὶ τῆς πόλεως πάντων τῶν κτητόρων καὶ βουλεύεσθαι τί δεῖ γίνεσθαι περὶ τῶν ἀνακυπτόντων καὶ τότε ἀναφέρειν ἐπὶ αὐτὸν τὰ συμφέροντα. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τινὰ ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, καλέσας τὰ αὐτὰ μέρη εἰς τὸ ἐπώνυμον αὐτοῦ Ἐπιφανίαν πόλιν, μὴ κτίσας αὐτῇ τεῖχος, ἀλλ' οὕτως ἦν ἡ οἴκησις αὐτῆς ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος. Ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἐπιφανὴς ἠγανάκτησε κατὰ Πτολε 206 μαίου, βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου, διότι τέλη ἀπῄτησε τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ὑπ' αὐτὸν ὄντας χώρας Ἰουδαίους. τῶν γὰρ αὐτῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐκ τῆς Παλαιστίνης ἐλθόντων ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ καὶ αἰτησάντων τὸν αὐτὸν Ἀντίοχον γράψαι Πτολεμαίῳ τῷ τῆς Αἰγύπτου τοπάρχῃ καὶ βασιλεῖ μὴ ἀπαιτεῖν αὐτοὺς τέλος μετακομίζοντας σῖτον εἰς ἀποτροφὰς αὑτῶν, μεγάλου λιμοῦ τότε γενομένου ἐν τῇ Παλαιστίνῃ· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς Αἰγυπτιακῆς χώρας μετεκόμιζον σῖτον οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι. ὅστις Πτολεμαῖος δεξάμενος τὰ γράμματα Ἀντιόχου πλέον αὐτοὺς ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαιτεῖσθαι. καὶ λοιπὸν Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἐπιφανὴς ἐπεστράτευσε κατὰ Πτολεμαίου, διότι οὐκ ἐπείσθη τοῖς γράμμασιν αὐτοῦ· καὶ συμβολῆς γενομένης μεταξὺ αὐτῶν ἔπεσε πλῆθος τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἀντιόχου πολύ, καὶ φυγὼν ἀπῆλθεν ἐπὶ τὸ λίμιτον. τοῦτο δὲ γνόντες οἱ τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ Ἰουδαῖοι, ἐξάψεις ἐποίησαν πρὸς χάριν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου, νομίσαντες τεθνάναι τὸν Ἀντίοχον, ἑαυτοὺς παρατιθέμενοι. ὁ δὲ Ἀντίοχος ὁ Ἐπιφανὴς συνάξας πλῆθος, ἐπέῤῥιψε τῷ Πτολεμαίῳ καὶ ἐφόνευσεν αὐτὸν κόψας καὶ τὰ πλήθη αὐτοῦ. καὶ γνοὺς περὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ τὸ τί πέπραχαν κατ' αὐτοῦ, ὡς συγχαρέντες τῇ αὐτοῦ ἥττῃ, ὡπλίσατο κατὰ τῆς Ἱερουσαλήμ· καὶ πολιορκήσας αὐτὴν ἐπολέμησε καὶ παρέλαβεν αὐτὴν καὶ κατέσφαξε πάντας· τὸν δὲ Ἐλεάζαρ τὸν ἀρχιερέα τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ τοὺς