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I hold back, and I exhort towards the good which is beyond reason, as those who have professed to hasten towards this, leading out from these words, not deficiently but pre-eminently, those who follow blessedly; for the attendance upon God in prayer is exceedingly higher than the engagement with words.

But we say that you contradict the fathers and the whole church of God. For how could anyone in such matters shrink from speaking the truth? You, therefore, think the opposite of the fathers, not in what you catalogued from suspicion in the midst of your words, but because you say that the evangelical commandments are not sufficient to completely purify the soul of one who keeps them, nor that from impassibility the perfecting and saving knowledge comes to the one who has acquired it, nor is it possible to be delivered from ignorance and false opinions without studies and the meditation on them, nor for one who has not been delivered from these to attain perfection and holiness, and that Hellenic learning is likewise a gift of God to those prophets and apostles to whom things are given through revelation, and that likewise both these things and that learning are comprehended by human reasonings after they have been given, and that knowing all things, which we know belongs to God alone, is the perfection proper to man. And as for Holy Scripture, even if you mix it in with your words and seem to champion it greatly, yet you do not think that it itself brings perfect purification to the soul; for you would not have introduced the need for one who desires purification to seek to learn if someone professes (p. 330) to know something, even if he is pious. By guile, therefore, you weave this into your arguments in favor of your studies, for the deception of the more simple. Since you clearly contradict those who insist that one must keep the divine commandments as productive of impassibility and of saving purification and knowledge, and since searching the Scriptures is also one of the commandments, those who exhort to the keeping of the commandments of absolute necessity also exhort to the diligent reading of the Scriptures, but you do not think that even these give purification to the soul. Therefore, it is a bait that you bring together into one the divine Scripture and the philosophical studies; but to say that both lead the one pursuing them to one end is not only a guile, but also a clear contradiction to the sacred and divine Scripture itself. For she has given no fruit from her long labors, but all are wind-eggs and fruitless, not attaining to the light of the knowledge of God, although, according to you, they cast off the greatest darkness of the soul, dispositional ignorance, through the light of their studies. And how is it that, according to these arguments, most of the saints are not benighted and imperfect, namely all those who have not partaken of Hellenic learning at all, and of those who have partaken of that learning, those who set up the world like a tent, and establish the heaven like a vault, and make the sun return from the northern parts of the earth, whence it rises, and who hold that the backs of the heavens are concave for the reception of waters, and who both themselves possess what you call dispositional ignorance, which according to you is the greatest darkness of the soul, and attempt to persuade others of it?

But lest we should seem to be cataloguing the man's opinions here from ourselves, let us set forth his own sayings and place beside them those of one or two of the saints to whom (p. 332) he clearly speaks in opposition; and it is certainly not unclear to those who think rightly that they are all one lip, moved by the one Spirit; nevertheless we shall set forth those sayings which will also make the agreement manifest. This monk and philosopher, therefore, says literally as follows: "Through the keeping of the commandments, it is a fine thing if, even with difficulty, impassibility alone should result; but it is not sufficient to be cleansed from the passions alone in order to perceive the truth; for impassibility does not heal the dispositional ignorance of the soul; therefore, this would be of no benefit to the soul for perceiving intelligible things, while dispositional ignorance remains in it, which is certainly the greatest darkness of the soul; so it is fitting for the one who philosophizes to take care throughout his life, so that also

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ἀποστερῶ, καί παρακαλῶ πρός τό ὑπέρ λόγον ἀγαθόν, ὡς ἐπαγγειλαμένους πρός τοῦτο σπεύδειν, οὐκ ἐλλεπτικῶς ἀλλ᾿ ὑπεροχικῶς ἐξάγων τῶν λόγων τούς μακαριστῶς ἑπομένους˙ τῆς γάρ περί λόγους τριβῆς καθ᾿ ὑπερβολήν ὑψηλοτέρα ἐστίν ἡ πρός Θεόν ἐν προσευχῇ προσεδρεία.

Σέ δ᾿ ἡμεῖς ἀντιλέγειν τοῖς πατράσι φαμέν καί πάσῃ τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ. Πῶς γάρ ἄν τις ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις ὑποσταλείη φάναι τἀληθές; Σύ τοίνυν τἀναντία τοῖς πατράσι φρονεῖς, οὐκ ἐφ᾿ οἷς μεταξύ τῶν λόγων ἐξ ὑπονοίας κατέλεξας, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι τάς εὐαγγελικάς ἐντολάς οὐχ ἱκανάς εἶναι λέγεις τελείως καθᾶραι τήν ψυχήν τοῦ ταύτας τηρήσαντος, οὐδ᾿ ἐξ ἀπαθείας τήν τελεστικήν καί σωτήριον γῶνσιν περιγίνεσθαι τῷ ταύτην κτησαμένῳ, οὐδ᾿ ἐνόν ἀγνοίας καί ψευδῶν ἀπαλλαγῆναι δοξασμάτων ἄνευ μαθημάτων καί τῆς κατ᾿ αὐτά μελέτης, οὐδέ τελειότητός τε καί ἁγιότητος ἐπιτυχεῖν τόν μή ἀπαλλαγέντα τούτων, καί τήν ἑλληνικήν παιδείαν ὅμοίως εἶναι δῶρον Θεοῦ τοῖς δι᾿ ἀποκαλύψεως προφήταις καί ἀποστόλοις δεδομένοις, καί ὁμοίως ταῦτά τε κἀκείνην ἀνθρωπίνοις λογισμοῖς μετά τό δεδόσθαι καταλαμβάνεσθαι, καί τό πάντα εἰδέναι, ὅ Θεοῦ μόνου ἴσμεν, προσήκουσαν ἀνθρώπῳ τελειότητα εἶναι. Τήν ἱεράν δέ Γραφήν, εἰ καί ἀναμιγνύεις τοῖς λόγοις καί πολλά δοκεῖς ὑπεραγωνίζεσθαι ταύτης, ἀλλ᾿ οὐδ᾿ αὐτήν οἴει τελείαν ἐπάγειν τῇ ψυχῇ κάθαρσιν˙ οὐδέ γάρ ἄν εἰσῆγες τό δεῖν ζητεῖν μανθάνειν, εἴ τίς τι ἐπαγγέλλεται (σελ. 330) εἰδέναι, κἄν ή εὐσεβής ᾖ, τόν καθάρσεως ἐφιέμενον. ∆όλῳ τοιγαροῦν ταύτην συμπλέκεις τοῖς ὑπέρ τῶν μαθημάτων σου λόγοις εἰς ἐξαπάτην τῶν ἁπλουστέρων. Ἐπεί δέ τοῖς ἰσχυριζομένοις δεῖν τάς θείας ἐντολάς τηρεῖν ὡς ἀπαθείας καί σωτηρίου καθάρσεώς τε καί γνώσεως παρεκτικάς σύ σαφῶς ἀντιλέγεις, τῶν ἐντολῶν δέ ἐστι καί τό τάς Γραφάς ἐρευνᾶν, οἱ μέν πρός τήν τῶν ἐντολῶν τήρησιν προτρέποντες κατά πᾶσαν ἀνάγκην καί πρός τήν ἐπίμονον ἀνάγνωσιν τῶν Γραφῶν προτρέπονται, σύ δέ οὐδέ ταύτας οἴει διδόναι τῇ ψυχῇ τήν κάθαρσιν. Οὐκοῦν δέλεαρ ἐκεῖνο τό συνάγεις εἰς ἕν τήν θείαν Γραφήν καί τά κατά φιλοσοφίαν μαθήματα˙ τό δέ καί εἰς ἕν τέλος ἄγειν ἀμφότερα τόν μετιόντα λέγειν οὐ δόλος μόνον, ἀλλά καί σαφής ἀντίθεσις πρός αὐτήν τήν ἱεράν καί θείαν Γραφήν. Οὐδένα γάρ ἐκείνη τῶν μακρῶν ὠδίνων ἔδωκε καρπόν, ἀλλά πάντες ὑπηνέμιοί τε καί ἀτελεσφόρητοι, πρός τό φῶς τῆς θεογνωσίας οὐ φθάνοντες, καίτοι τό κατά σέ μάλιστα σκότος τῆς ψυχῆς διά τοῦ φωτός τῶν μαθημάτων ἀποβαλλόμενοι, τήν κατά διάθεσιν ἄγνοιαν. Πῶς δέ καί τῶν ἁγίων οὐκ ἐσκοτισμένοι καί ἀτελεῖς οἱ πλεῖστοι, κατά τούτους τούς λόγους, οἱ μέν ἑλληνικῆς παιδείας οὐκ ἐπειλημμένοι συλλήβδην ἅπαντες, τῶν δέ μετεσχηκότων τῆς ἐκεῖθεν παιδείας, οἱ κόσμον μέν ὡς σκηνήν πηγνύντες, οὐρανόν δέ ὡσεί καμάραν ἱστάντες, ἥλιον δέ ἀπό τῶν βορείων μερῶν τῆς γῆς ἐπανάγοντες, ὅθεν ἀνίσχει, κοῖλα δέ τά οὐράνια νῶτα πρός ὑποδοχήν ὑδάτων δοξάζοντες καί τήν κατά διάθεσιν ὡς αὐτός λέγεις ἄγνοιαν, τό μάλιστα κατά σέ σκότος τῆς ψυχῆς, αὐτοί τε κεκτημένοι καί τούς ἄλλους πείθειν ἐπιχειροῦντες;

Ἵνα δέ μή δόξωμεν ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτῶν τάς τοῦ ἀνδρός ἐνταυθοῖ καταλέγειν δόξας, αὐτάς ἐκείνου τάς ρήσεις προθώμεθα καί τῶν ἁγίων ἑνός ἤ δύο παραθώμεθα πρός οὕς (σελ. 332) σαφῶς ἀντιφθέγγεται˙ πάντως δέ οὐκ ἄδηλον τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν ὅτι πάντες ἕν εἰσι χεῖλος ὑπό τοῦ ἑνός κινούμενοι Πνεύματος˙ ἐκείνας δ᾿ ὅμως ἡμεῖς προθήσομεν αἱ καί τήν ὁμολογίαν ἐπίδηλον ἕξουσι. Φησίν οὖν ὁ μοναχός καί φιλόσοφος οὗτος ἐπί λέξεως οὕτως˙ «∆ιά τῆς τῶν ἐντολῶν φυλακῆς ἀγαπητόν, εἰ καί μόγις ἀπάθεια περιγένοιτο μόνη˙ οὐκ ἀρκεῖ δέ μόνον τῶν παθῶν καθήρασθαι πρός τό τήν ἀλήθειαν κατιδεῖν˙ ἡ γάρ ἀπάθεια τήν κατά διάθεσιν ἄγνοιαν οὐ θεραπεύει τῆς ψυχῆς˙ οὐκ ἄν οὖν ὄφελος αὕτη γένοιτο τῇ ψυχῇ πρός τό τά νοητά κατιδεῖν, μενούσης ἐν αὐτῇ τῆς κατά διάθεσιν ἀγνοίας, ἤ μάλιστα πάντως σκότος ἐστί τῆς ψυχῆς˙ ὥστε τῷ φιλοσοφοῦντι ἐπιμελεῖσθαι διά βίου προσήκει, ὅπως καί