64

to have, since the places there were unwalled, so that the Romans, by seizing some of them, might not be in a position to injure the Vandals. 6.5.4 Therefore they immediately razed all the walls to the ground. For all barbarians, for the most part, to the detriment of the Romans, decide most sharply and execute most swiftly, 6.5.5 whatever seems good to them. Only the walls of Carthage and a few other places remained for them in the condition in which they were, and since they disdained to care for these, they allowed them to be destroyed by time. 6.5.6 But the Emperor Justinian (though no man praised it, but rather all shuddered at the undertaking, and God alone suggested, promised, and assisted), sending Belisarius and an army to Libya, overthrew both Gelimer and the power of the Vandals, killing many and making the rest prisoners of war, as has been related by me in my account of the wars. 6.5.7 And all the dismantled fortifications in Libya he restored, and he himself built a very great number of others as new foundations. 6.5.8 First, then, he took care of Carthage, which is now, as is fitting, called Justiniana, rebuilding the entire circuit-wall which had fallen into ruin, and digging a moat around it which had not existed before. 6.5.9 And he dedicated sacred precincts, one to the Mother of God, which is in the Palace, and outside of this one to a certain local saint, Saint Prima. 6.5.10 Moreover, he also built porticoes on either side of the so-called Maritime Forum, and a noteworthy public bath, which, named after the Empress, they called the Theodorianae. 6.5.11 And he also built a monastery inside the circuit-wall on the sea, very near the harbour which they call Mandracium, and surrounding it with a very strong fortification he made it an impregnable fortress. 6.5.12 These things, then, were accomplished by Justinian at the new Carthage. And in the country around it, which is called Proconsularis, there was an unwalled city, Vaga by name, which could be captured not only by attacking barbarians but also by anyone just happening to pass by. 6.5.13 The Emperor Justinian, having surrounded this with a very strong fortification, both made it a proper city and one able to keep its inhabitants in safety. 6.5.14 And they, having received this favour, in honour of the Empress 6.5.15 call the city Theodorias. And he built a fortress in this country, which they call Tucca. 6.6.1 In Byzacium a city, Adramytus by name, is situated on the coast, being great and populous from of old, and for this reason it has acquired the name and rank of metropolis in this country, since it happens to be first in size and in other prosperity. 6.6.2 The Vandals razed its circuit-wall to the ground, so that the Romans might never be able to take possession of it. And it lay exposed to the Moors who were overrunning the places in that region. 6.6.3 But the Libyan inhabitants of this place, caring for their own safety as much as possible, walled up the breaches in the walls and joined their houses to one another; 6.6.4 from which, indeed, they fought off attackers, defending themselves both with precarious hope and in peril. 6.6.5 And their safety was always hanging by a thread and was, as it were, standing on one foot, since they were warred upon by the Moors and neglected by the Vandals. 6.6.6 But when the Emperor Justinian became master of Libya by the war, he both surrounded the city with a wall of very great size and established there a sufficient garrison of soldiers and has made the inhabitants there confident about their safety and unconcerned about all enemies. 6.6.7 For this reason, indeed, they now call it Justiniana, paying this to the Emperor as a reward for their salvation, displaying their gratitude by the mere addition to the name, since they neither had, nor did he want, anything else with which they might repay the Emperor's good deed. 6.6.8 And there was also another place on the coast of Byzacium, which the natives called Caputvada. Here the emperor's fleet first landed

64

ἕξειν ἀτειχίστων ὄντων τῶν τῇδε χωρίων, ὡς μή τι καταλαβόντες αὐτῶν 6.5.4 Ῥωμαῖοι Βανδίλους κακουργεῖν ἔχοιεν. ἅπαντα οὖν τὰ τείχη ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος καθεῖλον εὐθύς. βάρβαροι γὰρ ἅπαντες ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐπὶ πονηρῷ τῷ Ῥωμαίων βουλεύονται μὲν ὡς ὀξύτατα, ἐπιτελοῦσι δὲ ὡς ταχύτατα, 6.5.5 ὅσα ἂν αὐτοῖς δοκοῦντα εἴη. μόνον δὲ αὐτοῖς τό τε Καρχηδόνος καὶ ὀλίγα ἄττα ἐφ' οὗπερ ἦσαν σχήματος ἔμειναν, ὧνπερ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι ἀπαξιοῦντες, διαφθορεῖν 6.5.6 αὐτὰ τῷ χρόνῳ ἀφῆκαν. βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἰουστινιανὸς (ἀνθρώπων μὲν οὐδενὸς ἐπαινοῦντος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πεφρικότων τὸ ἔργον ἁπάντων, μόνου δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσηγουμένου τε καὶ ἐπαγγελλομένου καὶ ξυλλαμβάνοντος) Βελισάριόν τε καὶ στράτευμα ἐπὶ Λιβύην πέμψας, Γελίμερά τε καὶ δύναμιν τὴν Βανδίλων καθεῖλε, πολλοὺς μὲν κτείνας τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς δορυαλώτους πεποιημένος, ᾗπέρ μοι ἐν 6.5.7 λόγοις τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν πολέμων δεδήλωται. καὶ τὰ μὲν καθῃρημένα τῶν ἐν Λιβύῃ ὀχυρωμάτων ἀνενεώσατο ἅπαντα, ἕτερα δὲ παμπληθῆ ἐπετεχνήσατο νεοχμώσας αὐτός. 6.5.8 Πρῶτα μὲν οὖν Καρχηδόνος, τῆς νῦν καὶ Ἰουστινιανῆς, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, καλουμένης ἐπεμελήσατο, διερρυηκότα μὲν τὸν περίβολον ἀνοικοδομησάμενος ἅπαντα, καὶ τά6.5.9 φρον ἐν περιδρόμῳ διορύξας οὐ πρότερον οὖσαν. ἀνέθηκε δὲ καὶ ἱερὰ τεμένη, τῇ μὲν θεοτόκῳ, ὅπερ ἐν Παλατίῳ ἐστί, καὶ τούτου ἐκτὸς τῶν τινι ἐπιχωρίων ἁγίων 6.5.10 ἁγίᾳ Πρίμῃ. ἔτι μέντοι καὶ στοὰς ἑκατέρωθι τῆς Μαριτίμου ἀγορᾶς καλουμένης ἐδείματο, καὶ βαλανεῖον ἐν δημοσίῳ ἀξιοθέατον, ὅπερ ἐπωνύμως τῇ βασιλίδι Θεο6.5.11 δωριανὰς ἐπωνόμασαν. ἐδείματο δὲ καὶ μοναστήριον τοῦ περιβόλου ἐντὸς ἐπιθαλασσίδιον, ἄγχιστα τοῦ λιμένος, ὅπερ Μανδράκιον ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐρύματί τε αὐτὸ ἐχυρωτάτῳ περιβαλὼν φρούριον ἀνανταγώνιστον ἀπειργάσατο. 6.5.12 Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ Καρχηδόνος τῆς νέας Ἰουστινιανῷ εἴργασται. ἐν δὲ χώρᾳ τῇ ἀμφ' αὐτήν, ἣ Προκονσουλαρία ὠνόμασται, πόλις ἀτείχιστος ἦν, Βάγα ὄνομα, μὴ ὅτι βαρβάροις ἐπιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τύχῃ τινὶ παριοῦσιν 6.5.13 ἁλωτὴ οὖσα. ταύτην ἐρύματι ἐχυρωτάτῳ περιβαλὼν Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς πόλιν τε διεπράξατο εἶναι καὶ τοὺς οἰκήτορας ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ διασώσασθαι οἵαν τε εἶναι. 6.5.14 οἳ δὴ τετυχηκότες τῆς χάριτος ἐς τὴν τῆς βασιλίδος 6.5.15 τιμὴν Θεοδωριάδα καλοῦσι τὴν πόλιν. φρούριον δὲ ᾠκοδομήσατο ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χώρᾳ, ὃ Τούκκα καλοῦσιν. 6.6.1 Ἐν Βυζακίῳ δὲ πόλις, Ἀδράμυτος ὄνομα, ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ οἰκεῖται, μεγάλη καὶ πολυάνθρωπος ἐκ παλαιοῦ οὖσα, καὶ δι' αὐτὸ τὸ τῆς μητροπόλεως ὄνομά τε καὶ ἀξίωμα κληρωσαμένη ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χώρᾳ, ἐπεὶ πρώτην αὐτὴν μεγέθει τε καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ εὐδαιμονίᾳ ξυμβαίνει 6.6.2 εἶναι. ταύτης Βανδίλοι μὲν τὸν περίβολον ἐς ἔδαφος καθεῖλον, ὡς μή ποτε Ῥωμαῖοι αὐτῆς ἀντιλαβέσθαι δυνατοὶ εἶεν. Μαυρουσίοις τε καταθέουσι τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία 6.6.3 ἐν ἐπιτηδείῳ ἀπέκειτο. Λίβυες δὲ κατὰ ταύτην οἰκήτορες, ὅσα γε δυνατὰ τῆς σφῶν σωτηρίας ἐπιμελούμενοι, τὰ διῃρημένα τῶν τοίχων ἀποτριγχώσαντες, τὰς οἰκίας 6.6.4 ἀλλήλαις ἐνῆψαν· ἐξ ὧν δὴ τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι διαμαχόμενοι ἔν τε τῷ σφαλερῷ τῆς ἐλπίδος καὶ τῷ ἐπικινδύνῳ ἠμύ6.6.5 νοντο. ἦν δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐπὶ τριχὸς ἡ σωτηρία διηνεκὲς καὶ ἐπὶ θατέρου σκέλους ἑστῶσα, πολεμουμένοις μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Μαυρουσίων, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν Βανδίλων ἀμελουμένοις. 6.6.6 ἀλλ' ἡνίκα Λιβύης κύριος τῷ πολέμῳ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς γέγονε, τεῖχός τε τῇ πόλει εὐμέγεθες ἄγαν περιβαλὼν καὶ φρουρὰν ἐνταῦθα στρατιωτῶν καταστησάμενος ἀξιόχρεων θαρσεῖν τε ὑπὲρ ἀσφαλείας τοὺς τῇδε ᾠκημένους πεποίηται ἀφροντιστῆσαί τε πολεμίων ἁπάν6.6.7 των. διὸ δὴ αὐτὴν καὶ Ἰουστινιανὴν καλοῦσι τανῦν, σῶστρα τῷ βασιλεῖ ταῦτα ἐκτίνοντες, μόνῃ τοῦ ὀνόματος τῇ παρενθήκῃ τὴν εὐγνωμοσύνην ἐπιδεικνύμενοι, ἐπεὶ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ὅτῳ ἂν καὶ βασιλέως τὴν ἀγαθοεργίαν ἀμείβοιντο οὔτε αὐτοὶ εἶχον οὔτε οὗτος ἐβούλετο. 6.6.8 Ἦν δέ τι καὶ ἄλλο ἐν τῇ τοῦ Βυζακίου παραλίᾳ χωρίον, ὅπερ ἐκάλουν Καπούτβαδα οἱ ἐπιχώριοι. ἐνταῦθα καταπλεύσας τὰ πρῶτα ὁ τοῦ βασιλέως στόλος