John Chrysostom, On Matthew

the law having ceased, death not yet bound, the bronze gates not yet broken down, but the old commonwealth still prevailing. Such is a noble and awakened soul; for it leaps forth everywhere, and overleaps the established bounds; just as Paul also did under the new commonwealth. But for what reason, he says, did he also use a girdle with his garment? This was a custom for the ancients, before this soft and flowing fashion came forth. Thus, at any rate, Peter also appears girt, and Paul; For the man, it says, whose girdle this is. And Elijah too was so attired, and each of the Saints, because of being continually at work, either in journeys, or laboring and being zealous about some other of the necessary things; not for this reason only, but also for trampling upon all adornment, and practicing all austerity; which then Christ Himself says is the greatest encomium of virtue, speaking thus: What did you go out to see? a man clothed in soft garments? behold, those who wear soft things are in the houses of kings. 5. But if that pure one, being so and brighter than heaven, and above all Prophets, and of whom none greater was born, and having such great confidence, so disciplined himself with austerity, disdaining flowing luxury with great abundance, and leading himself to this hard life, what defense shall we have, who after so great a benefit and the countless burdens of our sins, do not show even the smallest part of his confession, but are drunk and gluttonous and reek of perfumes, and are in no better state than the women who fornicate on the stage, and from all sides making ourselves soft, and making ourselves an easy prey to the devil. Then all Judea went out to him, and Jerusalem, and all the region around the Jordan, and were baptized by him, confessing their sins. Do you see how much the presence of the Prophet availed? how he gave wings to all the people? how he led them to the thought of their own sins? For it was worthy of wonder, to see him in human form displaying such things, and using such great confidence, and rising up against all as if they were children, and having great grace shining from his face. And the appearance of a prophet after a long time also contributed to their astonishment; for the gift had failed them, and returned to them after a long time. And the manner of the preaching was also strange and different. For they heard none of the usual things, such as, wars and battles and victories below, and famines and plagues, and Babylonians and Persians, and the capture of a city, and the other usual things; but heavens and the kingdom there, and the punishment in Gehenna. For this reason, even though all the apostates in the desert, those with Judas and Theudas, had been slain not long before, they did not become more hesitant toward 57.190 the exodus there. For he did not call them for the same things; such as, for tyranny and apostasy and revolution; but so as to lead them by the hand to the kingdom above. Wherefore he did not even keep them, carrying them about with him in the desert, but baptizing, and teaching them the doctrines concerning philosophy, he would dismiss them; teaching them through all things, to despise all things on earth, and to be lifted up to the things to come, and to be earnest each day. Let us then also emulate him, and leaving luxuries and drunkenness, let us turn to the sober life. For it is the season of confession both for the uninitiated and for the baptized; for the one, that having repented they may receive the holy mysteries; for the other, that having washed away the stain after baptism, they may approach the table with a pure conscience. Let us turn away, therefore, from this lax and dissolute life. For it is not, it is not possible both to confess and to live in luxury at the same time. And let John teach you these things, by his clothing, by his food, by his dwelling. What then? Do you bid us so

τοῦ νόμου παυσαμένου, οὔπω τοῦ θανάτου δεθέντος, οὔπω τῶν χαλκῶν πυλῶν κατακλασθεισῶν, ἀλλ' ἔτι τῆς παλαιᾶς κρατούσης πολιτείας. Τοιοῦτόν ἐστι γενναία ψυχὴ καὶ διεγηγερμένη· καὶ γὰρ πανταχοῦ προπηδᾷ, καὶ τὰ κείμενα ὑπερβαίνει σκάμματα· καθάπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐπὶ τῆς καινῆς ἐποίει πολιτείας. Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, καὶ ζώνῃ μετὰ τοῦ ἱματίου ἐχρήσατο; Ἔθος τοῦτο τοῖς παλαιοῖς ἦν, πρὶν εἰς τὸ μαλακὸν τοῦτο καὶ διαῤῥέον ἐξελθεῖν σχῆμα. Οὕτω γοῦν καὶ ὁ Πέτρος φαίνεται ἐζωσμένος, καὶ ὁ Παῦλος· Τὸν γὰρ ἄνδρα, φησὶν, οὗ ἐστιν ἡ ζώνη αὕτη. Καὶ ὁ Ἠλίας δὲ οὕτως ἦν ἐσταλμένος, καὶ τῶν Ἁγίων ἕκαστος, διὰ τὸ εἶναι ἐν ἔργῳ διηνεκῶς, ἤτοι ὁδοιπορίαις, ἤτοι περὶ ἕτερόν τι τῶν ἀναγκαίων πονουμένους καὶ σπουδάζοντας· οὐ διὰ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τὸ καλλωπισμὸν ἅπαντα καταπατεῖν, καὶ σκληραγωγίαν ἅπασαν μελετᾷν· ὅπερ οὖν καὶ αὐτὸ μέγιστον ἀρετῆς ἐγκώμιον εἶναί φησιν ὁ Χριστὸς, οὕτω λέγων· Τί ἐξήλθετε ἰδεῖν; ἄνθρωπον ἐν μαλακοῖς ἱματίοις ἠμφιεσμένον; ἰδοὺ οἱ τὰ μαλακὰ φοροῦντες, ἐν τοῖς οἴκοις τῶν βασιλέων εἰσίν. εʹ. Εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνος ὁ καθαρὸς οὕτω καὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ λαμπρότερος ὢν, καὶ ὑπὲρ Προφήτας πάντας, καὶ οὗ μείζων οὐδεὶς ἐγένετο, καὶ παῤῥησίαν ἔχων τοσαύτην, οὕτως ἑαυτὸν ἐσκληραγώγει, τὴν μὲν διαῤῥέουσαν τρυφὴν ἀτιμάζων μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς περιουσίας, ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν σκληρὸν τοῦτον ἑαυτὸν ἄγων βίον, τίνα ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν οἱ μετὰ τοσαύτην εὐεργεσίαν καὶ τὰ μυρία φορτία τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων μηδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν μέρος τῆς ἐξομολογήσεως ἐπιδεικνύμενοι τῆς ἐκείνου, ἀλλὰ μεθύοντες καὶ γαστριζόμενοι καὶ μύρων ὄζοντες, καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ πορνευομένων γυναικῶν οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείμενοι, καὶ πανταχόθεν ἑαυτοὺς καταμαλακίζοντες, καὶ εὐχειρώτους τῷ διαβόλῳ ποιοῦντες. Τότε ἐξεπορεύετο πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία, καὶ Ἱεροσόλυμα, καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο ὑπ' αὐτοῦ, ἐξομολογούμενοι τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν. Ὁρᾷς πόσον ἴσχυσεν ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Προφήτου; πῶς πάντα τὸν δῆμον ἀνεπτέρωσε; πῶς αὐτοὺς εἰς ἔννοιαν ἤγαγε τῶν οἰκείων ἁμαρτημάτων; Καὶ γὰρ ἦν θαύματος ἄξιον, ἰδεῖν ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σχήματι τοιαῦτα ἐπιδεικνύμενον αὐτὸν, καὶ τοσαύτῃ κεχρημένον τῇ παῤῥησίᾳ, καὶ πάντων ὡς παίδων κατεξανιστάμενον, καὶ πολλὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου τὴν χάριν ἔχοντα ἀπολάμπουσαν. Συνετέλει δὲ εἰς ἔκπληξιν καὶ τὸ διὰ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου προφήτην φανῆναι· καὶ γὰρ ἐπέλιπεν αὐτοὺς τὸ χάρισμα, καὶ διὰ μακροῦ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐπανῆλθε τοῦ χρόνου. Καὶ ὁ τοῦ κηρύγματος δὲ τρόπος ξένος καὶ παρηλλαγμένος. Οὐδὲν γὰρ τῶν συνήθων ἤκουον, οἷον, πολέμους καὶ μάχας καὶ νίκας τὰς κάτω, καὶ λιμοὺς καὶ λοιμοὺς, καὶ Βαβυλωνίους καὶ Πέρσας, καὶ πόλεως ἅλωσιν, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα τὰ συνήθη· ἀλλ' οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὴν ἐκεῖ βασιλείαν, καὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ γεέννῃ κόλασιν. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον ἀποστατῶν σφαγέντων ἁπάντων οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου, τῶν μετὰ Ἰούδα καὶ Θευδᾶ, οὐκ ἐγένοντο ὀκνηρότεροι πρὸς 57.190 τὴν ἔξοδον τὴν ἐκεῖσε. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς αὐτοὺς ἐκάλει· οἷον, ἐπὶ τυραννίδι καὶ ἀποστασίᾳ καὶ νεωτεροποιίᾳ· ἀλλ' ὥστε πρὸς τὴν ἄνω χειραγωγῆσαι βασιλείαν. ∆ιόπερ οὐδὲ κατεῖχεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ περιφέρων, ἀλλὰ βαπτίζων, καὶ τοὺς περὶ φιλοσοφίας παιδεύων λόγους, ἀπέλυε· διὰ πάντων αὐτοὺς διδάσκων, τῶν μὲν ἐν τῇ γῇ πάντων ὑπερορᾷν, πρὸς δὲ τὰ μέλλοντα αἴρεσθαι, καὶ καθ' ἑκάστην ἐπείγεσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν. Τοῦτον δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ζηλώσωμεν, καὶ τὰς τρυφὰς καὶ τὴν μέθην ἀφέντες, ἐπὶ τὸν κατεσταλμένον μεταθώμεθα βίον. Καὶ γὰρ ἐξομολογήσεως ὁ καιρὸς καὶ τοῖς ἀμυήτοις καὶ τοῖς βαπτισθεῖσι· τοῖς μὲν, ἵνα μετανοήσαντες τῶν ἱερῶν τύχωσι μυστηρίων· τοῖς δὲ, ἵνα ἀπονιψάμενοι τὴν μετὰ τὸ βάπτισμα κηλῖδα, καθαρῷ συνειδότι τῇ τραπέζῃ προσέλθωσιν. Ἀποστῶμεν τοίνυν τοῦ ὑγροῦ τούτου καὶ διαλελυμένου βίου. Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὁμοῦ καὶ ἐξομολογεῖσθαι καὶ τρυφᾷν. Καὶ ταῦτα διδασκέτω ὑμᾶς Ἰωάννης, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνδύματος, ἀπὸ τῆς τροφῆς, ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκίας. Τί οὖν; οὕτω κελεύεις ἡμᾶς