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tortures, and the pains upon these, his crucifixions, and his endurance on the pyre, and his end amidst all the extraordinary things, since the account concerning him contains these things most fully, we shall refer those who are so inclined to it, which has been inserted in our collection of ancient martyrdoms. 4.15.48 Next are reported the records of others who were martyred in the city of Pergamum in Asia, Carpus and Papylus, and a woman Agathonice, who were gloriously perfected after many and distinguished confessions. 4.16.1 At this time also Justin, whom we have mentioned a little before, having presented a second book on behalf of our doctrines to the aforementioned rulers, is adorned with divine martyrdom, through the plotting against him of the philosopher Crescens, who emulated in life and manner the name he bore by the Cynic profession; since Justin often refuted him in dialogues in the presence of an audience, at last 4.16.2 winning the prize of victory for the truth he advocated through his own martyrdom. And this the man, most truly a philosopher, in the aforementioned Apology clearly points out beforehand in this way, as indeed it was about to happen to him, with these words. 4.16.3 "And so I too expect to be plotted against by one of those I have named and to be fastened to the stake, or at least by Crescens, the unphilosophical and vainglorious man. For it is not worthy to call a man a philosopher who publicly testifies against us about things he does not understand, as if Christians were atheists and impious, doing this for the favor and pleasure of 4.16.4 the deluded multitude. For if he denounces us without having read the teachings of Christ, he is utterly wicked and much worse than the ignorant, who often guard against discussing and bearing false witness about things they do not understand. And if, having read them, he did not understand their majesty, or understanding it, he does these things so as not to be suspected of being one of us, he is much more ignoble 4.16.5 and utterly wicked, being a slave to vulgar and irrational opinion and fear. For I want you to know that after I proposed and asked him certain questions of this kind, I learned and proved that he truly knows nothing, and to show that I speak the truth, if the records of our discussions have not been reported to you, I am ready to discuss 4.16.6 the questions again in your presence. And this too would be a worthy act for an emperor. But if my questions and his answers were made known to you, it is clear to you that he knows nothing of our affairs. Or if he does know, but does not dare to speak on account of his hearers, as I said before, he is shown to be not a philosopher, but a lover of glory, one who does not even value the admirable Socratic saying." 4.16.7 So says Justin. And that he was perfected through the plotting of Crescens, according to his own prediction, Tatian, a man who in his early life taught rhetoric among the Greeks and gained no small reputation in these studies, and who has left behind very many monuments of his writings, relates in his Address to the Greeks, saying thus: "And the most wonderful Justin rightly declared that the aforesaid men are like robbers." 4.16.8 Then, after saying some things about the philosophers, he adds this: "Crescens, for instance, who had made his nest in the great city, surpassed all in pederasty, and was very given to the love of money. 4.16.9 And he who advised others to despise death, was himself so afraid of death that he contrived to inflict death on Justin, as if it were a great evil, because in preaching the truth he convicted the philosophers of being gluttons and impostors." And the martyrdom of Justin had such a cause. 4.17.1 But the same man, before his own conflict, makes mention in his first Apology of others who had been martyred before him, 4.17.2 relating these things also, as useful to the subject. He writes thus: "A certain woman was living with a dissolute husband, she herself having formerly been dissolute. But when she learned the teachings of Christ, she became chaste, and her husband likewise

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βασάνους, καὶ τὰς ἐπὶ ταύταις ἀλγηδόνας καθηλώσεις τε καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τῆς πυρᾶς καρτερίαν τήν τε ἐφ' ἅπασιν τοῖς παραδόξοις αὐτοῦ τελευτὴν πληρέστατα τῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ γραφῆς περιεχούσης, τοὺς οἷς φίλον, ἐπὶ ταύτην ἀναπέμψομεν τοῖς τῶν ἀρχαίων συναχθεῖσιν ἡμῖν μαρτυρίοις ἐντεταγμένην. 4.15.48 ἑξῆς δὲ καὶ ἄλλων ἐν Περγάμῳ πόλει τῆς Ἀσίας ὑπομνήματα μεμαρτυρηκότων φέρεται, Κάρπου καὶ Παπύλου καὶ γυναικὸς Ἀγαθονίκης, μετὰ πλείστας καὶ διαπρεπεῖς ὁμολογίας ἐπιδόξως τετελειωμένων. 4.16.1 Κατὰ τούτους δὲ καὶ ὁ μικρῷ πρόσθεν ἡμῖν δηλωθεὶς Ἰουστῖνος δεύτερον ὑπὲρ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς δογμάτων βιβλίον ἀναδοὺς τοῖς δεδηλωμένοις ἄρχουσιν, θείῳ κατακοσμεῖται μαρτυρίῳ, φιλοσόφου Κρήσκεντος τὸν φερώνυμον δ' οὗτος τῇ Κυνικῇ προσηγορίᾳ βίον τε καὶ τρόπον ἐζήλου τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν αὐτῷ καττύσαντος, ἐπειδὴ πλεονάκις ἐν διαλόγοις ἀκροατῶν παρόντων εὐθύνας αὐτόν, τὰ νικητήρια τελευτῶν ἧς ἐπρέσβευεν 4.16.2 ἀληθείας διὰ τοῦ μαρτυρίου τοῦ κατ' αὐτὸν ἀνεδήσατο. τοῦτο δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ ταῖς ἀληθείαις φιλοσοφώτατος ἐν τῇ δεδηλωμένῃ ἀπολογίᾳ σαφῶς οὕτως, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἔμελλεν ὅσον οὔπω περὶ αὐτὸν συμβήσεσθαι, προλαβὼν ἀποσημαίνει τούτοις τοῖς ῥήμασιν. 4.16.3 «κἀγὼ οὖν προσδοκῶ ὑπό τινος τῶν ὠνομασμένων ἐπιβουλευθῆναι καὶ ξύλῳ ἐντιναγῆναι ἢ κἂν ὑπὸ Κρήσκεντος τοῦ ἀφιλοσόφου καὶ φιλοκόμπου· οὐ γὰρ φιλόσοφον εἰπεῖν ἄξιον τὸν ἄνδρα, ὅς γε περὶ ὧν μὴ ἐπίσταται, δημοσίᾳ καταμαρτυρεῖ ὡς ἀθέων καὶ ἀσεβῶν Χριστιανῶν ὄντων, πρὸς χάριν καὶ ἡδονὴν τῶν 4.16.4 πολλῶν τῶν πεπλανημένων τοῦτο πράττων. εἴτε γὰρ μὴ ἐντυχὼν τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδάγμασιν κατατρέχει ἡμῶν, παμπόνηρός ἐστιν καὶ ἰδιωτῶν πολὺ χείρων, οἳ φυλάττονται πολλάκις περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἐπίστανται, διαλέγεσθαι καὶ ψευδομαρτυρεῖν· καὶ εἰ ἐντυχὼν μὴ συνῆκεν τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς μεγαλεῖον ἢ συνεὶς πρὸς τὸ μὴ ὑποπτευθῆναι τοιοῦτος ταῦτα ποιεῖ, πολὺ μᾶλλον ἀγεννὴς 4.16.5 καὶ παμπόνηρος, ἰδιωτικῆς καὶ ἀλόγου δόξης καὶ φόβου ἐλάττων ὤν. καὶ γὰρ προθέντα με καὶ ἐρωτήσαντα αὐτὸν ἐρωτήσεις τινὰς τοιαύτας, μαθεῖν καὶ ἐλέγξαι ὅτι ἀληθῶς μηδὲν ἐπίσταται, εἰδέναι ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, καὶ ὅτι ἀληθῆ λέγω, εἰ μὴ ἀνηνέχθησαν ὑμῖν αἱ κοινωνίαι τῶν λόγων, ἕτοιμος καὶ ἐφ' ὑμῶν κοινωνεῖν 4.16.6 τῶν ἐρωτήσεων πάλιν· βασιλικὸν δ' ἂν καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον εἴη. εἰ δὲ καὶ ἐγνώσθησαν ὑμῖν αἱ ἐρωτήσεις μου καὶ αἱ ἐκείνου ἀποκρίσεις, φανερὸν ὑμῖν ἐστιν ὅτι οὐδὲν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐπίσταται· ἢ εἰ ἐπίσταται, διὰ τοὺς ἀκούοντας δὲ οὐ τολμᾷ λέγειν, ὡς πρότερον ἔφην, οὐ φιλόσοφος, ἀλλὰ φιλόδοξος ἀνὴρ δείκνυται, ὅς γε μηδὲ τὸ Σωκρατικόν, ἀξιέραστον ὄν, τιμᾷ». 4.16.7 ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ὁ Ἰουστῖνος· ὅτι δὲ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ πρόρρησιν πρὸς τοῦ Κρήσκεντος συσκευασθεὶς ἐτελειώθη, Τατιανός, ἀνὴρ τὸν πρῶτον αὐτοῦ βίον σοφιστεύσας ἐν τοῖς Ἑλλήνων μαθήμασι καὶ δόξαν οὐ σμικρὰν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀπενηνεγμένος πλεῖστά τε ἐν συγγράμμασιν αὐτοῦ καταλιπὼν μνημεῖα, ἐν τῷ Πρὸς Ἕλληνας ἱστορεῖ, λέγων ὧδε. «καὶ ὁ θαυμασιώτατος Ἰουστῖνος ὀρθῶς ἐξεφώνησεν ἐοικέναι τοὺς προειρημένους λῃσταῖς.» 4.16.8 εἰτ' ἐπειπών τινα περὶ τῶν φιλοσόφων, ἐπιλέγει ταῦτα· «Κρήσκης γοῦν ὁ ἐννεοττεύσας τῇ μεγάλῃ πόλει παιδεραστίᾳ μὲν πάντας ὑπερήνεγκεν, φιλαργυρίᾳ δὲ πάνυ προσεχὴς ἦν· 4.16.9 θανάτου δὲ ὁ καταφρονεῖν συμβουλεύων οὕτως αὐτὸς ἐδεδίει τὸν θάνατον, ὡς καὶ Ἰουστῖνον, καθάπερ μεγάλῳ κακῷ, τῷ θανάτῳ περιβαλεῖν πραγματεύσασθαι, διότι κηρύττων τὴν ἀλήθειαν λίχνους τοὺς φιλοσόφους καὶ ἀπατεῶνας συνήλεγχεν». καὶ τὸ μὲν κατὰ Ἰουστῖνον μαρτύριον τοιαύτην εἴληχεν αἰτίαν· 4.17.1 ὁ δ' αὐτὸς ἀνὴρ πρὸ τοῦ κατ' αὐτὸν ἀγῶνος ἑτέρων πρὸ αὐτοῦ μαρτυρησάντων ἐν τῇ προτέρᾳ μνημονεύει ἀπολογίᾳ, 4.17.2 χρησίμως τῇ ὑποθέσει καὶ ταῦτα ἱστορῶν· γράφει δὲ ὧδε· «γυνή τις συνεβίου ἀνδρὶ ἀκολασταίνοντι, ἀκολασταίνουσα καὶ αὐτὴ πρότερον· ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διδάγματα ἔγνω, ἐσωφρονίσθη, καὶ τὸν ἄνδρα ὁμοίως