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of Augustus Octavian, and having gathered another great multitude, and having also urged on the Persians and having arranged many things with them, having made many dromon ships, having sailed down from Alexandria, he set out against the Romans with Cleopatra, wishing to take Rome itself, through the so-called land of Epirus, wanting to go up to Rome. And when this tyranny of Antony and Cleopatra became known in Rome, immediately the same Octavian armed himself against them, also on account of the slight to his sister, because the same Antony had scorned her. and the same Augustus took a capable general, choosing from the senate, Marcus Agrippa by name, and he joined his own sister Octavia to him in marriage. and he set out from Rome together with the same general Agrippa and his military forces. and having reached the land of Epirus at a place called Leucate, he joined 220 in a great naval battle with Antony and Cleopatra, as the wise Vergil wrote in his Shield-making in his eighth book. And the multitude of both armies covered the land and the sea. and a multitude of Antony's and Cleopatra's was slain in the naval battle, so that the waters of the sea, mixed with blood, appeared as nothing but waves. And having conquered, Augustus Octavian killed Antony, but taking Cleopatra and binding her, he triumphed, ordering her to be guarded in order to bring her to Rome as a captive and to parade her. This Cleopatra did away with herself; having been struck by an asp, she died; for she used to carry asps and other serpents onto the ships for the war; as she was being guarded, therefore, by soldiers, having been secretly bitten by an asp, she dies, so that she would not be brought to Rome alive. And after her death, her remains were carried to Rome, embalmed with myrrh, for the consolation of the sister of the same Augustus Octavian, as Theophilus the wise chronicler wrote. But those who set forth the histories of Alexandria the great said that Cleopatra was left in Egypt, and certain other things not in agreement with the Roman writers. And after such a victory, the same Augustus Octavian, together with Agrippa his general and son-in-law, set out from the village 221 of Epirus and came and subjugated the land of Egypt and triumphed in his victory. And going down with his multitude, he subjugated the other lands, putting an end to their toparchies. And he was 18 years old when he became triumvir. And the war of Egypt lasted for many years. And Augustus Octavian, having passed through all of Europe, crossed over from Byzantium to Chalcedon, a city of Asia. and he immediately made whom he wished ruler in Bithynia from his own men, Lausus by name, succeeding the one governing the same land, Deinarus, who had been appointed by Caesar his uncle; for Bithynia already had a ruler; since before him Pompey the Great had taken the same Bithynia, when Nicomedes who was toparch of it died, who was of the race of the Macedonians; who upon dying left it to the Romans. And the same Augustus, also called Octavian, subjugated Galatia, having defeated Deiotarus, its tetrarch; and having walled a village called Arsine, he made it a city, which he called Ancyra because it was in the middle of two seas, the Pontic and the Asian sea. and having sacrificed a virgin maiden named Gregoria for purification, having made it a province, leaving Gallic soldiers there to guard the country and 222 the city, naming in their honor both the province and the river Gallus. And likewise also the provinces of Lydia and Pamphylia from the

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τοῦ Αὐγούστου Ὀκταβιανοῦ, καὶ συναγαγὼν ἄλλο πλῆθος πολύ, προτρεψάμενος δὲ καὶ Πέρσας καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῖς συνταξάμενος, ποιήσας πλοῖα δρομώνων πολλῶν, καταπλεύσας ἀπὸ Ἀλεξανδρείας ὥρμησε κατὰ Ῥωμαίων μετὰ τῆς Κλεοπάτρας, παραλαβεῖν τὴν αὐτὴν Ῥώμην βουλόμενος, διὰ τῆς λεγομένης Ἠπείρου χώρας, θέλων ἀνελθεῖν ἐν Ῥώμῃ. Καὶ γνωσθείσης τῆς τοιαύτης τυραννίδος Ἀντωνίου καὶ τῆς Κλεοπάτρας ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ, εὐθέως ὁ αὐτὸς Ὀκταβιανὸς ὡπλίσατοκατ' αὐτῶν καὶ διὰ τὴν εὐτέλειαν τῆς αὑτοῦ ἀδελφῆς, ὅτι περιεφρόνησεν αὐτὴν ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀντώνιος. καὶ ἔλαβεν ὁ αὐτὸς Αὔγουστος στρατηγὸν δυνατόν, ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου ἐπιλεξάμενος, Μάρκον Ἀγρίππαν ὀνόματι, καὶ ἔζευξεν αὐτῷ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀδελφὴν Ὀκταβίαν. καὶ ὥρμησεν ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥώμης ἅμα τῷ αὐτῷ Ἀγρίππᾳ στρατηγῷ καὶ στρατιωτικῶν δυνάμεων αὐτοῦ. καὶ φθάσας τὴν Ἤπειρον χώραν εἰς τόπον λεγόμενον Λευκάτην συνέκρουσε 220 τῷ Ἀντωνίῳ καὶ τῇ Κλεοπάτρᾳ πόλεμον ναυμαχίας μέγαν, καθὼς Βεργίλλιος ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ αὐτοῦ ἀσπιδοποιίᾳ συνεγράψατο εἰς τὸν ὄγδοον αὐτοῦ λόγον. τὸ δὲ πλῆθος τῶν ἀμφοτέρων στρατευμάτων ἐσκέπασε τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν. καὶ ἐσφάγη τοῦ Ἀντωνίου καὶ τῆς Κλεοπάτρας πλῆθος ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ, ὥστε τὰ ὕδατα τῆς θαλάσσης αἵμασι μιγέντα κυμάτων καὶ μόνον φαίνεσθαι. καὶ νικήσας ὁ Αὔγουστος Ὀκταβιανὸς ἐφόνευσε τὸν Ἀντώνιον, τὴν δὲ Κλεοπάτραν παραλαβὼν καὶ δήσας ἐθριάμβευσε, κελεύσας αὐτὴν φυλαχθῆναι εἰς τὸ ἀνενεγκεῖν ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ αἰχμάλωτον καὶ πομπεῦσαι. ἥτις Κλεοπάτρα ἀπεχρήσατο ἑαυτῇ, ἀπὸ ἀσπίδος κρουσθεῖσα ἐτελεύτα· ἐβάσταζε γὰρ ἀσπίδας καὶ ἄλλα ἑρπετὰ εἰς τὰ πλοῖα διὰ τὸν πόλεμον· ὡς φυλάττεται οὖν ὑπὸ στρατιωτῶν, κρύφα δηχθεῖσα ὑπὸ ἀσπίδος τελευτᾷ διὰ τὸ μὴ ζῶσαν αὐτὴν ἀνενεχθῆναι ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ. μετὰ δὲ τὴν τελευτὴν αὐτῆς ἀπηνέχθη τὸ λείψανον αὐτῆς ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ σμυρνιασθέντα πρὸς θεραπείαν τῆς ἀδελφῆς τοῦ αὐτοῦ Αὐγούστου Ὀκταβιανοῦ, καθὰ Θεόφιλος ὁ σοφὸς χρονογράφος συνεγράψατο. οἱ δὲ ἐκθέμενοι τὰ πάτρια Ἀλεξανδρείας τῆς μεγάλης τὴν Κλεοπάτραν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ εἶπαν λειφθεῖσαν, καὶ ἄλλα δέ τινα μὴ συμφωνοῦντα τοῖς Ῥωμαίων συγγραφεῦσι. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν τοιαύτην νίκην ὁ αὐτὸς Αὔγουστος Ὀκταβιανὸς ἅμα Ἀγρίππᾳ τῷ στρατηγῷ καὶ γαμβρῷ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς κώμης 221 Ἠπείρου ἐξορμήσας καὶ ἦλθεν ὑποτάξας τὴν Αἰγύπτιον χώραν καὶ θριαμβεύσας τὴν ἑαυτοῦ νίκην. Καὶ κατιὼν μετὰ τοῦ πλήθους αὐτοῦ ὑπέταξε τὰς ἄλλας χώρας, καταλύων τὰς τοπαρχίας αὐτῶν. ἦν δὲ ἐνιαυτῶν ιηʹ, ὅτε τριομβυράτωρ ἐγένετο. ἐκράτησε δὲ ὁ τῆς Αἰγύπτου πόλεμος ἔτη πολλά. Ὁ δὲ Αὔγουστος Ὀκταβιανὸς παρελθὼν τὴν Εὐρώπην πᾶσαν ἐπέρασεν ἀπὸ τοῦ Βυζαντίου ἐπὶ τὴν Χαλκηδόνα πόλιν τῆς Ἀσίας. καὶ ἐποίησεν εὐθέως ἄρχοντα ὃν ἠβουλήθη ἐν τῇ Βιθυνίᾳ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων αὐτοῦ ἀνθρώπων ὀνόματι Λαῦσον, διαδεξάμενος τὸν ἰθύνοντα τὴν αὐτὴν χώραν ∆ιήναρον τὸν προβληθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Καίσαρος τοῦ θείου αὐτοῦ· ἦν γὰρ ἤδη ἡ Βιθυνία ἔχουσα ἄρχοντα· ἐπειδὴ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ὁ Πομπήιος Μάγνος ἦν λαβὼν τὴν αὐτὴν Βιθυνίαν, τελευτήσαντος Νικομήδους τοπαρχοῦντος αὐτήν, τοῦ ὄντος ἐκ τοῦ γένους τῶν Μακεδόνων· ὅστις τελευτῶν εἴασεν αὐτὴν Ῥωμαίοις. Τὴν δὲ Γαλατίαν ὑπέταξεν ὁ αὐτὸς Αὔγουστος ὁ καὶ Ὀκταβιανός, νικήσας ∆ηιόταρον, τετράρχην αὐτῆς· καὶ τειχίσας κώμην τὴν λεγομένην Ἀρσίνην ἐποίησε πόλιν, ἥντινα ἐκάλεσεν Ἄγκυραν διὰ τὸ μέσην αὐτὴν εἶναι δύο θαλασσῶν, τῆς τε Ποντικῆς καὶ τῆς Ἀσιανῆς θαλάσσης. θυσιάσας δὲ κόρην παρθένον ὀνόματι Γρηγορίαν εἰς ἀποκαθαρισμόν, ποιήσας αὐτὴν ἐπαρχίαν, ἐάσας ἐκεῖ Γάλλους στρατιώτας διὰ τὸ φυλάττειν τὴν χώραν καὶ 222 τὴν πόλιν, καλέσας εἰς ὄνομα αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἐπαρχίαν καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν Γάλλον. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὴν Λυδίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν τὰς ἐπαρχίας ἀπὸ τοῦ