68

and let us cease from hope and let us acquire our hearts free from such bonds; so that having first become free, we may then walk without hindrance toward the practice of His commandments and serve Him in fear and trembling, (177) not as bestowing any favor on Him, but as being ourselves benefited through service. Otherwise it is not possible for us to be saved. For the rich were commanded first to effect the putting away of their money, as of some burden and impediment to the life according to God, and thus to take up the cross on their shoulders and to follow in the footsteps of the Master; for it is entirely impossible for us to carry both. But those who are without these things and live in self-sufficiency or even pass their lives in want of necessities, have nothing to hinder them, if they are willing to walk the narrow and afflicted way; but the former need only the intention for this, while the latter are already walking on the way itself, for which reason they ought to live in patience and thanksgiving. And God, being just, as they so journey into eternal life and enjoyment, will make their lodging place.

But to give away all one's possessions and money, but not to struggle nobly against the onsets of temptations and the other afflictions, seems to me to be of a negligent soul and one ignorant of the purpose of its own benefit. For just as gold that has become deeply rusted cannot otherwise be well purified and return to its proper brightness unless it is cast into the fire and struck many times with hammers, so too a soul, rusted by the poison of sin and rendered useless to its depths, cannot otherwise be purified and receive back its ancient beauty, unless it consorts with many temptations and enters into the crucible of afflictions. For this is what the very word of our Lord intimates, saying thus: "Sell your possessions and give to the poor, and take up your cross and come, follow me,"(178) alluding to temptations and afflictions through the cross. Therefore, those who cast these things away and desert to the solitary life will gain nothing from the rejection of money and possessions alone, unless they persevere to the end in temptations and afflictions and sorrows according to God. For Christ did not say: "In the putting away of your possessions you shall possess your souls," but "in your patience." For it is clear that both the distribution of money to the poor and flight from the world are good and beneficial, but this by itself alone cannot make the man of God perfect without the patient endurance of temptations. And that this is so and seems so to God, hear Him saying to the rich man: "If you wish, He says, to be perfect, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and take up your cross and come, follow me" - alluding through the cross, as has been said, to the afflictions and temptations.

For since the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent take it by force, and it is not otherwise possible for the faithful to enter into it, except through the narrow gate of temptations and afflictions, rightly does the divine oracle command us: "Strive, it says, to enter through the narrow gate," and again: "In your patience you shall possess your souls," and: "It is necessary for you to enter the kingdom of heaven through many afflictions." For the one who scatters (179) his own money to those in need and withdraws from the world and its affairs in hope of a reward, carries his conscience with great pleasure and at times is even robbed of his rewards by vainglory. But the one who, after giving everything to the poor, also endures painful things with thanksgiving of soul and perseveres in terrible things, feels all bitterness and painful labors, but has his reasoning inviolate both now and for the future

68

καί ἐλπίδα παυσώμεθα καί τάς καρδίας ἡμῶν ἐλευθέρους κτησώμεθα ἀπό τῶν τοιούτων δεσμῶν· ἵνα ἐλεύθεροι γεγονότες πρότερον, τότε ἐπί τάς πράξεις τῶν ἐντολῶν αὐτοῦ ἀκωλύτως βαδίσωμεν καί δουλεύσωμεν αὐτῷ ἐν φόβῳ καί τρόμῳ, (177) οὐχ ὡς ἐκείνῳ τι χαριζόμενοι, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἡμεῖς διά τῆς δουλείας εὐεργετούμενοι. Ἄλλως δέ οὐκ ἔνι σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς. Οἱ γάρ πλούσιοι τήν τῶν χρημάτων ἀπόθεσιν, ὡς οἷά τινος φορτίου καί ἐμποδίου πρός τόν κατά Θεόν βίον, πρότερον ἐνεργεῖν ἐκελεύθησαν καί οὕτω τόν σταυρόν ἐπί ὤμων αἴρειν καί τῷ ∆εσπότῃ κατ᾿ ἴχνος ἀκολουθεῖν· τά γάρ ἀμφότερα ἐπιφέρεσθαι ἡμᾶς πάντῃ ἀδύνατον. Οἱ δέ γε τούτων ὄντες ἐκτός καί ἐν αὐταρκείᾳ ζῶντες ἤ καί ὑστερήσει τῶν ἀναγκαίων διάγοντες, οὐδέν τό ἐμποδίζον αὐτούς ἔχουσιν, ἐάν τῇ στενῇ καί τεθλιμμένῃ ὁδῷ βαδίζειν ἐθέλωσιν· ἀλλ᾿ οἱ μέν προθέσεως χρήζουσι μόνον πρός τοῦτο, οἱ δέ ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ ὁδῷ περιπατοῦντές εἰσι, διό ἐν ὑπομονῇ καί εὐχαριστίᾳ διάγειν ὀφείλουσι. Καί ὁ Θεός, δίκαιος ὤν, οὕτω πορευομένους αὐτούς εἰς αἰώνιον ζωήν καί ἀπόλαυσιν, ποιήσῃ αὐτῶν τό κατάλυμα.

Τό δέ πάντα δοῦναι μέν τά κτήματα καί χρήματα, πρός δέ τάς ἐπιφοράς τῶν πειρασμῶν καί τῶν λοιπῶν θλιβερῶν μή γενναίως ἀνταγωνίσασθαι, ὀλιγώρου μοι ψυχῆς δοκεῖ καί ἀγνοούσης τόν σκοπόν τῆς ὠφελείας αὐτῆς. Ὥσπερ γάρ ὁ χρυσός κατιωθείς εἰς βάθος οὐ δύναται ἄλλως καθαρθῆναι καλῶς καί εἰς τήν οἰκείαν λαμπρότητα ἐπανελθεῖν, εἰ μή πυρί βληθῇ καί σφύραις πολλάκις τυφθῇ, οὕτω καί ψυχή τῷ ἰῷ τῆς ἁμαρτίας κατιωθεῖσα καί εἰς βάθος ἀχρειωθεῖσα, οὐ δύναται ἄλλως καθαρθῆναι καί τό ἀρχαῖον κάλλος ἀπολαβεῖν, εἰ μή πολλοῖς πειρασμοῖς προσομιλήσῃ καί ἐν τῇ χωνείᾳ εἰσέλθῃ τῶν θλίψεων. Τοῦτο γάρ ὑπεμφαίνει καί αὐτός ὁ λόγος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, οὕτω λέγων· "Πώλησόν σου τά ὑπάρχοντα καί δός πτωχοῖς καί ἆρον τόν σταυρόν σου καί δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι"(178) τούς πειρασμούς καί τάς θλίψεις διά τοῦ σταυροῦ αἰνιττόμενος.Οὐδέν οὖν ἀπό μόνης τῆς τῶν χρημάτων καί πραγμάτων ἀπορρίψεως κερδήσουσιν οἱ ταῦτα ἀποβαλλόμενοι καί πρός τόν μονήρη βίον αὐτομολοῦντες, ἐάν μή μέχρι τέλους τοῖς πειρασμοῖς καί ταῖς θλίψεσι καί ταῖς κατά Θεόν λύπαις ἐγκαρτερήσωσιν. Οὐ γάρ εἶπεν ὁ Χριστός· "Ἐν τῇ ἀποθέσει τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῶν κτήσασθε τάς ψυχάς ὑμῶν", ἀλλ᾿ "ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν". Ὅτι μέν γάρ καί ἡ τῶν χρημάτων πρός τούς πένητας διανομή καί ἡ φυγή τοῦ κόσμου καλή καί ὠφέλιμος δῆλον, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ δύναται αὐτή καθ᾿ ἑαυτήν μόνη τέλειον τόν κατά Θεόν ἄνθρωπον ἀπεργάσασθαι ἄνευ τῆς τῶν πειρασμῶν ὑπομονῆς. Καί ὅτι τοῦτο οὕτως ἔχει καί οὕτω δοκεῖ τῷ Θεῷ, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ πρός τόν πλούσιον λέγοντος" "Εἰ θέλεις, φησί, τέλειος εἶναι, πώλησόν σου τά ὑπάρχοντα καί δός πτωχοῖς καί ἆρον τόν σταυρόν σου καί δεῦρο ἀκολούθει μοι" - διά τοῦ σταυροῦ τάς θλίψεις, ὡς εἴρηται, καί τούς πειρασμούς αἰνιττόμενος.

Ἐπειδή γάρ ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν βιαστή ἐστι καί βιασταί ἁρπάζουσιν αὐτήν καί ἄλλως οὐκ ἔνι τοῖς πιστοῖς εἰσελθεῖν εἰς αὐτήν, εἰ μή διά τῆς στενῆς πύλης τῶν πειρασμῶν τε καί θλίψεων, εἰκότως ἡμῖν τό θεῖον ἐντέλλεται λόγιον· "Ἀγωνίζεσθε, φησί, διά τῆς στενῆς πύλης εἰσελθεῖν", καί αὖθις· "Ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ κτήσασθε τάς ψυχάς ὑμῶν", καί· "∆εῖ ὑμᾶς διά πολλῶν θλίψεων εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν". Ὁ μέν γάρ σκορπίζων (179) τά ἑαυτοῦ χρήματα τοῖς δεομένοις καί ἀναχωρῶν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου καί τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτοῦ ἐπ᾿ ἐλπίδι μισθοῦ, ἐν ἡδονῇ πολλῇ τήν συνείδησιν ἐπιφέρεται καί ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε καί ὑπό κενοδοξίας κλέπτεται τούς μισθούς. Ὁ δέ μετά τό πάντα δοῦναι τοῖς πένησι καί τά λυπηρά ὑπομένων ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ ψυχῆς καί ἐγκαρτερῶν τοῖς δεινοῖς, πικρίας μέν πάσης καί πόνων ὀδυνηρῶν ἐπαισθάνεται, ἄσυλον δέ τόν λογισμόν ἔχει νῦν τε καί εἰς τό μέλλον