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of death, and in all things witnessed to by God, who still even now and for all eternity confirms the word proclaimed by them? 3.5.69 Let these things, then, be examined, an absurd premise having been granted by concession. For to suppose the contrary to the written records, and to say that Jesus was a teacher not of prudent words, but of injustice and greed and all licentiousness, and that his disciples, having been taught such things by him, became the most grasping and wicked of all men who ever lived, was conceded by us hypothetically, which was the most absurd thing of all; just as if while Moses in his laws says “You shall not murder, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness,” someone slandering him were to misrepresent him, saying he spoke these things with irony and pretense; 3.5.70 for he wishes his subjects both to murder and to commit adultery and to do the opposite of what he pretends to legislate, but he puts on a show and feigns the venerable life. For in this way one might also misrepresent the precepts of the philosophers among the Greeks, both the life of endurance and all their teachings, asserting that they were disposed and lived their lives contrary to what was written down, but pretended through hypocrisy to have chosen the philosophic life. 3.5.71 And so someone might also misrepresent, to put it simply, all the histories of the ancients, disregarding the truth in them, and interpreting what is shown in the opposite way. 3.5.72 But just as no one of sound mind would hesitate to declare such a person insane, so also in the case of the Savior's words and teachings, if someone by distorting the truth should try to invest him with a reputation opposite to what he taught. 3.5.73 Nevertheless this too was granted as a hypothesis, so that both from abundance and in an absurd concession the inconsistency of the contrary argument might be shown. 3.5.74 Now that this has been refuted, come let us run back to the truth of the holy scriptures, let us observe the character of Jesus' disciples. Then, to begin with, how could anyone of sound mind not judge them worthy of all approval, men who were admittedly humble and unlearned in speech, but had fallen in love with a pious and philosophical teaching, and who embraced a life of endurance and toil, through fastings, and abstinence from wine and meat, and much other humbling of the body, and through prayers and supplications to God, and much before being perfected through the utmost prudence and purity of body and soul together. 3.5.75 And who would not admire them for their surpassing philosophy, having renounced even wives permitted by the law, and neither being dragged down by natural pleasure, nor enslaved by a desire for children and descendants, since they desired not mortal but immortal offspring? 3.5.76 And their freedom from the love of money in their character, how could one not be amazed? And inferring this from their not fleeing but embracing a teacher who forbade the possession of gold and silver and legislated that they not increase their property even so much as a second tunic; which perhaps someone on hearing would have begged off from the difficulty of the command, but they are shown to have also made the word a deed. For when once Peter was asked by a certain lame man—and he was one of those who begged for their food out of extreme poverty—Peter, having nothing to give, confessed to be clean of all possession of gold and silver, saying: “Silver and gold I have not, but what I have, this I give you: in the name of Jesus Christ, rise and walk.” 3.5.77 And when the teacher announced grim things to them, and they were paying attention to what he said to them: “In the world you will have tribulation,” and again “You will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice,” how is it not clear about their character, that they were indeed steadfast and profound, not fleeing the exercises of the soul nor pursuing things for pleasure; and also the teacher, that he was not charming them through deceit and making them his own by promising them agreeable things, but with a free and

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θανάτου, καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μαρτυρηθέντων, ὃς τὸν ὑπ' αὐτῶν καταγγελθέντα λόγον ἔτι καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς ὅλον τὸν αἰῶνα κρατύνει; 3.5.69 Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν, ἀρχῆς ἀτόπου κατὰ συγχώρησιν δοθείσης, γεγυμνάσθω. τὸ γὰρ τοῖς ἐγγράφοις τἀναντία ὑπολαβεῖν, καὶ φάναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν διδάσκαλον γεγονέναι μὴ σωφρόνων λόγων, ἀδικίας δὲ καὶ πλεονεξίας καὶ πάσης ἀκολασίας, τούς τε μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ τοιαῦτα παρ' αὐτοῦ δεδιδαγμένους παντορέκτας γεγονέναι καὶ παμπονήρους τῶν πώποτε ἀνθρώπων, καθ' ὑπόθεσιν ἡμῖν συνεχωρεῖτο, ὅπερ ἦν παντὸς ἀτοπώτατον· ὅμοιον ὡς εἰ καὶ Μωσέως ἐν τοῖς νόμοις λέγοντος «οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις», συκοφαντῶν αὐτὸν διέβαλλέ τις λέγων εἰρωνείᾳ ταῦτα φάναι καὶ προσποιήσει· 3.5.70 βούλεσθαι μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ὑπηκόους καὶ φονεύειν καὶ μοιχεύειν καὶ τἀναντία πράττειν οἷς νομοθετεῖν προσποιεῖται, σχηματίζεσθαι δὲ καὶ καθυποκρίνεσθαι τὸν σεμνὸν βίον. ταύτῃ γὰρ καὶ τὰς τῶν παρ' Ἕλλησι φιλοσόφων ὑποθήκας διαβάλλοι ἄν τις τόν τε καρτερικὸν βίον καὶ τοὺς λόγους αὐτῶν πάντας, φάσκων ἐναντίως μὲν τοῖς ἀναγεγραμμένοις διατεθεῖσθαι αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀναβεβιωκέναι, προσπεποιῆσθαι δὲ καθ' ὑπόκρισιν τὸν φιλόσοφον ἑλεῖν βίον. 3.5.71 οὕτως δέ τις καὶ πάσας ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν τὰς τῶν παλαιῶν διαβάλλοι ἂν ἱστορίας, ἀθετῶν τὴν ἐν αὐταῖς ἀλήθειαν, καὶ εἰς τοὐναντίον τὰ δηλούμενα παρεκδεχόμενος. 3.5.72 ἀλλ' ὡς οὐκ ἄν τις ὀκνήσειεν τῶν εὖ φρονούντων μαίνεσθαι τὸν τοιοῦτον ἀποφήνασθαι, οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τοῦ σωτῆρος λόγων τε καὶ μαθημάτων, εἴ τις τἀληθὲς διαστρέφων τὴν ἐναντίαν οἷς ἐδίδασκεν περιβάλλειν αὐτῷ δόξαν πειρῷτο. 3.5.73 πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐδόθη καὶ τοῦτο ὡς ἐν ὑποθέσει, ὅπως καὶ ἐκ περιουσίας καὶ ἐν ἀτόπῳ συγχωρήσει τὸ ἀσύστατον τοῦ δι' ἐναντίας λόγου φανῇ. 3.5.74 Ἐληλεγμένου δῆτα τούτου, φέρε ἀναδραμόντες ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν ἱερῶν γραφῶν ἀλήθειαν, τὸ ἦθος τῶν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαθητῶν θεασώμεθα. αὐτόθεν μὲν οὖν ἄν τις εὖ φρονῶν πῶς οὐ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς αὐτοὺς ἀξίους κρίνειεν, ἄνδρας μὲν εὐτελεῖς ὁμολογουμένως καὶ τὸν λόγον ἰδιώτας, εὐσεβοῦς δὲ καὶ φιλοσόφου διδασκαλίας εἰς ἔρωτα συμβεβηκότας, καὶ στέρξαντας βίον καρτερικὸν καὶ ἐπίπονον, διὰ νηστειῶν, οἴνου τε καὶ κρεῶν ἀποχῆς, καὶ πλείστης ἄλλης ταπεινώσεως τοῦ σώματος, διά τε εὐχῶν καὶ ἱκετηριῶν τῶν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ πολὺ πρότερον δι' ἄκρας σωφροσύνης καὶ ἁγνείας σώματος ὁμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κατορθούμενον. 3.5.75 τίς δ' οὖν οὐκ ἂν αὐτοὺς θαυμάσειεν δι' ὑπερβολὴν φιλοσοφίας καὶ ταῖς κατὰ νόμον συγκεχωρημέναις γαμεταῖς ἀποτεταγμένους, καὶ μήθ' ὑπὸ τῆς φυσικῆς ἡδονῆς καθελκυσθέντας, μήτε παίδων καὶ ἐγγόνων ἐπιθυμίᾳ δουλωθέντας, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ θνητῶν ἐγγόνων ἀλλ' ἀθανάτων ὠρέχθησαν; 3.5.76 τὸ δὲ ἀφιλοχρήματον αὐτῶν τοῦ τρόπου πῶς οὐκ ἄν τις ἐκπλαγείη; καὶ τοῦτο τεκμηράμενος ἐκ τοῦ μὴ φεύγειν ἀλλ' ἀσπάσασθαι διδάσκαλον χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου τὴν κτῆσιν ἀπαγορεύοντα καὶ νομοθετοῦντα μηδὲ μέχρι δευτέρου χιτῶνος αὔξειν τὴν ὕπαρξιν· ὅπερ τάχα τις ἀκούσας παρῄτητο ἂν τὸ βαρὺ τοῦ προστάγματος, οἱ δὲ καὶ ἔργον πεποιηκότες τὸν λόγον ἀποδείκνυνται. αἰτήσαντος γοῦν ποτε τοὺς ἀμφὶ τὸν Πέτρον χωλοῦ τινος οὗτος δ' ἦν τῶν δι' ἐσχάτην ἀπορίαν τὰς τροφὰς μεταιτούντων, οὐκ ἔχων ὁ Πέτρος ὅ τι δῷ, ὡμολόγει πάσης ὑπάρξεως χρυσίου καὶ ἀργυρίου καθαρεύειν, φήσας· «ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον οὐχ ὑπάρχει μοι, ὃ δὲ ἔχω, τοῦτό σοι δίδωμι· ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἔγειραι καὶ περιπάτει». 3.5.77 σκυθρωπὰ δὲ αὐτοῖς προαγγέλλοντος τοῦ διδασκάλου, προσέχοντες δι' ὧν πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἔλεγεν «ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ θλίψιν ἔχετε» καὶ πάλιν «κλαύσετε καὶ θρηνήσετε ὑμεῖς, ὁ δὲ κόσμος χαρήσεται», πῶς οὐκ αὐτοὶ μὲν δῆλοι τὸν τρόπον, ὅτι δὴ στερροί τινες καὶ βαθεῖς ὑπῆρχον, μὴ φεύγοντες τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς γυμνάσια μηδὲ τὰ πρὸς ἡδονὴν μεταδιώκοντες· καὶ ὁ διδάσκαλος δέ, ὅτι μὴ δι' ἀπάτης θέλγων αὐτοὺς καὶ τὰ οἰκεῖα προϊσχόμενος ἐξῳκειοῦτο, ἐλευθέρῳ δὲ καὶ