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The Lord, leading to a higher philosophy, calling to heaven, and drawing them up to the pursuits there. For this reason I also reveal the discourse concerning hell; for both the good things and the painful things are immortal. Do not, therefore, persist in the same things, nor put forward the usual pretexts, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the noble birth of your ancestors. And he said these things, not to prevent them from saying that they were descended from those saints, but to prevent them from trusting in this, while neglecting the virtue of the soul, and bringing forth the things of the mind, and prophesying the things to come. For after these things they are seen saying: We have Abraham as our father, and have never been slaves to anyone. Since, therefore, this was what especially lifted them up to despair and destroyed them, he first suppresses it. But see how with honor to the patriarch he makes the correction for them. For having said, Do not think to say, we have Abraham as our father, he did not say, For the patriarch will be able to help you in nothing; but he hinted at this very thing somewhat more gently and graciously, saying: For God is able from these stones to raise up children to Abraham. Some, then, say that he says this concerning the Gentiles, metaphorically calling them stones; but I say that the statement has another meaning as well. What is that? Do not think, he says, that if you perish, you will make the patriarch childless. This is not so, it is not so. For it is possible for God even from stones to give him men, and to bring them into that kinship, since it was so from the beginning. For the coming forth of a child from that hard womb was like men being born from stones. Which the Prophet, hinting at, also said: Look to the solid rock from which you were hewn, and to the hollow of the pit from which you were dug; look to Abraham your father, and to Sarah who bore you in pain. He reminds them, therefore, of this prophecy, showing that if from the beginning He made him a father in so wonderful a way, as if He made him from stones, it is possible for this to happen now also. And see how he both frightens and cuts off. For he did not say that He has already raised them up, so that they might not despair of themselves; but that He is able to raise them up. And he did not say that He is able to make men from stones, but what was much greater, both kinsmen and children of Abraham. Do you see how he for the time being detached them from the conceit concerning bodily things, and from the refuge in their ancestors, so that in their own repentance and soberness they might have the hope of salvation? Do you see how, having cast out kinship of the flesh, he introduces that which is from faith? 3. Consider, therefore, how through the succeeding words he increases the 57.195 fear, and intensifies the anxiety. For having said, For God is able from these stones to raise up children to Abraham, he added: And now also the axe is laid to the root of the trees; making the word fearful in every way. For he himself also had much confidence from his life, and they were in need of a strong rebuke, having been uncultivated for a long time already. For why do I say, he says, that you are about to fall away from kinship with the patriarch, and to see others from the stones being brought into your preeminence? For your punishment will not stop at this, but the chastisement will proceed even further. For now, he says, the axe is laid to the root of the trees. Nothing is more fearful than this turn of speech. For it is no longer a flying sickle, nor the tearing down of a hedge, nor the trampling of the vineyard; but an axe exceedingly sharp, and what is more terrible, that it is also at the doors. For since, continually disbelieving the prophets, they used to say: Where is the day of the Lord? and, Let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel come, that we may know; because the things spoken often came to pass after many years; he also takes this comfort away from them, and places the dreadful things near them. And he showed this by saying, Now, and by bringing it to the root. For there is nothing left in between, he says, but it lies upon the very root. And he did not say, To the branches, nor, To the fruits, but, To the root;

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∆εσπότης, πρὸς μείζονα ἄγων φιλοσοφίαν, εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καλῶν, καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἐκεῖ διατριβὰς ἀνέλκων. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ τὸν περὶ τῆς γεέννης ἀνακαλύπτω λόγον· καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ καὶ τὰ λυπηρὰ, ἀθάνατα. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐμμένετε, μηδὲ τὰς εἰωθυίας προβάλλεσθε προφάσεις, τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, τὸν Ἰσαὰκ, τὸν Ἰακὼβ, τῶν προγόνων τὴν εὐγένειαν. Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγεν, οὐ κωλύων αὐτοὺς λέγειν ἐξ ἐκείνων εἶναι τῶν ἁγίων, ἀλλὰ κωλύων μὴ τούτῳ θαῤῥεῖν, τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν ἀρετῆς ἀμελοῦντας, καὶ τὰ κατὰ διάνοιαν εἰς μέσον ἐκφέρων, καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα προφητεύων. Καὶ γὰρ μετὰ ταῦτα φαίνονται λέγοντες· Ἡμεῖς πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ οὐδενὶ δεδουλεύκαμεν πώποτε. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τοῦτο ἦν, ὃ μάλιστα αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀπόνοιαν ἦρε καὶ ἀπώλεσε, πρῶτον αὐτὸ καταστέλλει. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς μετὰ τῆς εἰς τὸν πατριάρχην τιμῆς τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων ποιεῖται διόρθωσιν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Μὴ δόξητε λέγειν, ὅτι πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ, οὐκ εἶπεν, Οὐδὲν γὰρ ὑμᾶς ὁ πατριάρχης ὠφελῆσαι δυνήσεται· ἀλλ' ἡμερώτερόν πως καὶ προσηνέστερον αὐτὸ τοῦτο ᾐνίξατο εἰπών· ∆ύναται γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ. Τινὲς μὲν οὖν φασιν, ὅτι περὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν ταῦτα λέγει, λίθους αὐτοὺς μεταφορικῶς καλῶν· ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν ἔννοιαν τὸ εἰρημένον φημὶ ἔχειν. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Μὴ νομίζετε, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐὰν ὑμεῖς ἀπόλησθε, ἄπαιδα ποιήσετε τὸν πατριάρχην. Οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο, οὐκ ἔστι. Τῷ γὰρ Θεῷ δυνατὸν καὶ ἀπὸ λίθων ἀνθρώπους αὐτῷ δοῦναι, καὶ εἰς τὴν συγγένειαν ἐκείνην ἀγαγεῖν, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὕτως ἐγένετο. Τῷ γὰρ ἐκ λίθων ἀνθρώπους γενέσθαι ὅμοιον ἦν τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς μήτρας ἐκείνης τῆς σκληρᾶς προελθεῖν παιδίον. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Προφήτης αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν· Ἐμβλέψατε εἰς τὴν στερεὰν πέτραν, ἐξ ἧς ἐλατομήθητε, καὶ εἰς τὸν βόθυνον τοῦ λάκκου, ἐξ οὗ ὠρύχθητε· ἐμβλέψατε εἰς Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα ὑμῶν, καὶ εἰς Σάῤῥαν τὴν ὠδίνουσαν ὑμᾶς. Ταύτης τοίνυν τῆς προφητείας αὐτοὺς ἀναμιμνήσκει, δεικνὺς ὅτι εἰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὕτω θαυμαστὸν αὐτὸν ἐποίησε πατέρα, ὡσανεὶ καὶ ἐκ λίθων αὐτὸν ἐποίησε, δυνατὸν καὶ νῦν τοῦτο γενέσθαι. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς καὶ φοβεῖ καὶ ἐκκόπτει. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἤγειρεν ἤδη, ἵνα μὴ ἀπογνῶσιν ἑαυτῶν· ἀλλ' ὅτι ∆ύναται ἐγεῖραι. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι δύναται ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι ἀπὸ λίθων, ἀλλ' ὃ πολλῷ μεῖζον ἦν, καὶ συγγενεῖς καὶ παῖδας τοῦ Ἀβραάμ. Εἶδες πῶς τέως ἀπέστησεν αὐτοὺς τῆς περὶ τὰ σωματικὰ φαντασίας, καὶ τῆς εἰς τοὺς προγόνους καταφυγῆς, ἵνα ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ μετανοίᾳ καὶ σωφροσύνῃ τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς σωτηρίας ἔχωσιν; εἶδες πῶς τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς ἐκβαλὼν συγγένειαν, τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως εἰσάγει; γʹ. Σκόπει τοίνυν πῶς καὶ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς αὔξει τούτων 57.195 τὸν φόβον, καὶ ἐπιτείνει τὴν ἀγωνίαν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, ὅτι ∆ύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραὰμ, ἐπήγαγε· Ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται· διὰ πάντων τὸν λόγον φοβερὸν ποιῶν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς πολλὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου τὴν παῤῥησίαν εἶχε, κἀκεῖνοι σφοδρᾶς ἐδέοντο τῆς ἐπιπλήξεως, πολὺν ἤδη χερσωθέντες χρόνον. Τί γὰρ λέγω, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐκπίπτειν μέλλετε τῆς πρὸς τὸν πατριάρχην συγγενείας, καὶ ἑτέρους ὁρᾷν τοὺς ἀπὸ λίθων εἰς τὴν ὑμετέραν εἰσαγομένους προεδρίαν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρι τούτου τὰ τῆς τιμωρίας ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ περαιτέρω προβήσεται τὰ τῆς κολάσεως. Ἤδη γὰρ, φησὶν, ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται. Οὐδὲν φοβερώτερον ταύτης τοῦ λόγου τῆς τροπῆς. Οὐκέτι γὰρ δρέπανον πετόμενον, οὐδὲ φραγμοῦ καθαίρεσις, οὐδὲ τὸ καταπατεῖσθαι τὸν ἀμπελῶνα· ἀλλ' ἀξίνη σφόδρα ἀκμάζουσα, καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι καὶ ἐπὶ θύραις αὕτη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τοῖς προφήταις συνεχῶς ἀπιστοῦντες ἔλεγον· Ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου; καὶ, Ἐλθέτω ἡ βουλὴ τοῦ ἁγίου Ἰσραὴλ, ἵνα γνῶμεν· διὰ τὸ μετὰ πολλὰ πολλάκις ἔτη ἐκβαίνειν τὰ λεγόμενα· καὶ ταύτης αὐτοὺς ἀπάγων τῆς παραμυθίας, ἐγγὺς αὐτῶν ἵστησι τὰ δεινά. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσε τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ἤδη, καὶ τῷ τῇ ῥίζῃ αὐτὴν προσαγαγεῖν. Οὐδὲν γὰρ τὸ μέσον λοιπὸν, φησὶν, ἀλλ' αὐτῇ ἐπίκειται τῇ ῥίζῃ. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε, Τοῖς κλάδοις, οὐδὲ, Τοῖς καρποῖς, ἀλλὰ, Τῇ ῥίζῃ·